Centro Escolar University- Manila

School of Nutrition and Hospitality Management

Nutrition
In
Lactating

Jimenez, Jeremy Roan R.

Paguio, Jairah B.
PRNT133-L
Nutrition in the Life Stages I - Laboratory
July 25, 2022
Introduction

After a mother has given birth to her child, the nutrition consumed by both of them must

continue indefinitely. The baby must be exclusively breastfed from birth to six months, after

which a supplementation should be added to their diet along with continued breastfeeding. While

the mother is breastfeeding, she is required to consume more calories to meet their nutritional

requirements while breastfeeding (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2022). According

to Mulaw (2021), lactating mothers are nutritionally vulnerable groups because this period places

a high nutritional requirement for them, resulting in nutritional stress. Their diet will help them

meet their own nutritional needs, prevent depletion of their body stores, and allow them to

produce enough milk for their infants and children. Poor nutrition during lactation endangers

mothers' and children's survival, growth, and development.

According to the Philippine Dietary Reference Intake (2018), for well-nourished

breastfeeding mothers, an additional 500 kilocalories (kcal) per day is recommended, compared

to the amount they were consuming before pregnancy, which only requires 300 kcal.

Additionally, during lactation, a mother's need for iodine and choline increases. They should

consume 290 mcg of iodine and 550 mg of choline daily for the first year after giving birth,

according to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Iodine can be found in milk, eggs, seafood,

and iodized table salt (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2022). However, lactating

women should avoid certain foods. Mercury-containing fish, caffeine, and alcohol are examples

of these foods because they can be passed from mother to infant through breast milk. This can

have a negative impact on the brain and nervous system of a breastfed infant.

Objectives:

● To identify the dietary practices of a lactating woman

 ● To list the 24 hour food intake of a lactating woman

● To prepare ,serve ,evaluate a regular diet for a given adult woman

● To modify a regular diet to fit the needs of a lactating woman

Methods

A. Dietary Assessment (24-hour food recall)

The patient was interviewed through online set-up and was asked about her food

intake using the 24-hour food recall. The questionnaire includes measuring tools such as

measuring cups and spoons to help the patient recall how much food she ate that day. The

24-hour food recall includes information such as the patient's meal time, location, food

items and descriptions, household measurements such as cups and spoons, and the

cooking method used to prepare the food.

B. Anthropometric measurement

Anthropometric measurements include height in centimeters and feet, as well as

pre-pregnancy and pregnancy weight in kilograms. In addition, the desirable body weight

was calculated to determine the ideal body weight for the patient's height.

Results and Discussion

I. 24-hour food recall

Time and Meal Food Item and Household Cooking

Place Description Measurement Method

8:00am at Breakfast Egg 1 pc Fried

home Dried Tuyo 2pcs Fried
Kangkong ½ cup Steamed
Fried Rice 1 cup Fried
Milk (bear brand) 1 cup
 10:00am at AM Snack Cuchinta 2pcs
home Cracker 1 packed (4pcs)
Orange Juice 1 cup

12:00pm at Lunch Mung beans with 1 cup

home pork and ampalaya
leaves
White rice 1 cup
Banana, lacatan 1 pc

3:00pm at PM snack Macaroni soup 2 cups

home

7:30pm Dinner Pinakbet 1 cup

White Rice 1 cup
Milk (low-fat) 1 cup

II. Beliefs and Practices

● She avoided dishes that had coconut milk as advice from the elders.

● She also avoids things that could harm her (binat), such as lifting heavy objects.

● The patient also avoids consuming soda or any other soft drinks and cold water as this

will make the baby suffer.

III. Food Preferences

● The patient wants a dish that has a soup, like tinolang manok with malunggay.

IV. Anthropometric Measurement

● Reported Pregnancy Weight: 84 kg

● Reported Weight after birth: 70 kg

● Reported Height: 157 cm

● Mrs. Manzano is in her 29 weeks of lactating.

V. Diet Calculations FEL

● Reported Weight after Birth: 70 kilograms

 ● Reported Height:157cm

TER = Pregnancy x level of activity

= 70 kg x 35 (light) = 2450 kcal

Percentage Distribution (CHO 50 ; PRO 20; Fat 30)

Carbohydrates = 2450 kcal x .50= 1225 kcal + 500 = 1725 ÷ 4 kcal/g = 430g

Protein =2450 kcal x.20 = 490 kcal ÷ 4 kcal/g = 125g

Fat = 2450 kcal x .30= 735 kcal ÷ 9 kcal/g = 85g

Diet Rx: kcal = 2450 kcal; CHO 430 g; PRO 125 g; Fat 85 g

Food No. of CHO/Carbohydrates CHON/Protein Fat (g) Energy

Exchange (g) (g) (kcal)

Vegetable A 2 6 2 - 32

Vegetable B 1 3 1 - 16

Fruit 4 40 - - 160

Milk

Whole 1 12 8 10 170

Low Fat - - - - -

Non-Fat - - - - -

Sugar 1 5 - - 20

Partial Sum 430g - 66 = 364 ÷ 23 =

(CHO): 16

No. of Ex: 16

Rice

A 8 184 - - 736

B 5 115 10 - 500

C 3 69 12 - 324
 Partial Sum (PRO): 125g - 33 = 92
÷ 8 = 12

No. of Ex: 12

Meat

Low Fat 6 - 48 6 246

Medium 6 - 48 36 516
Fat

High Fat - - - - -

Partial Sum (FAT): 85g - 52 =

33 ÷ 5 = 7

No. of Ex: 7

Fat 7 - - 35 315

TOTAL: 434 129 87 3035

DIFFERENCE: +4 +4 +2 +585

Food groups No. of Breakfast A.M Lunch P.M Dinner Midnight

Exchanges Snack Snack Snack
Vegetable A 2 1 ½ ½

Vegetable B 1 1

Fruit 4 1 1 2
Whole Milk 1 1
Sugar 1 1
Rice A 8 2 3 1 2
Rice B 5 2½ 2½
Rice C 3 1 2

Low Fat 6-5 = 1 3 2

Meat
Medium Fat 6-4 = 2 3 1
Meat
Fat 7 3 1 2 1

VI. Planned diet for

Food groups No. of Menu/ List of items Measurement

Exchanges
BREAKFAST:
Vegetable A 1 Lettuce ¼ cup raw
Tomato ¼ cup cooked
Vegetable B 1 Baby corn, canned 2 pcs
Whole Milk 1 Milk, cow 1 cup
Rice C 1 Bread, toasted 1 ½ pc
Medium Fat 3 Chicken, egg 2 pcs
Sardines, in tomato 2 pcs
sauce
Rice A 2 Noodles, mung bean 2 cups
starch
Fat 3 Bacon 2 strip
Oil, Canola 1 tsp
A.M Snack Smoothie
Rice A 3 Banana, saba, boiled 3 pcs
Fruit 1 Mango, manila super, 1 slice
ripe
Fat 1 Flax seeds 2 ½ tsp
Rice C 2 Pan de monay 1 pc
LUNCH: Stir fry Kangkong w/ Tofu
and Fried Tilapia
Vegetable A ½ Swamp cabbage, leaves ¼ cup cooked
Fruit 1 Orange, ponkan 1 pc
Rice B 2½ Rice, well-milled, 1 ½ cup
boiled
Rice A 1 Cornstarch ¼ cup
Low Fat Meat 2 Tilapia 1 slice
 1 Dilis 13 pcs
Medium Fat 1 Soy bean curd, tofu ½ cup
Meat
Fat 2 Oil, Canola 3 tsp
P.M Snack
Rice A 2 Cassava, cake 2 slice
Sugar 1 Banana Chips 2 pcs
DINNER: Chicken Tinola
Vegetable A ½ Horseradish tree, leaves ¼ cup
Fruit 2 Banana, lacatan 1 pc
Rice B 2½ Rice, well-milled, 1 ½ cup
boiled
Low Fat Meat 2 Chicken, breast 2 slice
Fat 1 Oil, canola 1 tsp
MIDNIGHT
SNACK:

VII. Rationale of Diet

In the study of Segura (2016), breast milk is the most nutritious food for newborns and

infants. A lactating woman's nutritional stores may be depleted as a result of the pregnancy and

blood loss during childbirth. Lactation increases nutrient requirements, primarily due to nutrient

loss, first through colostrum and then through breastmilk. The volume of breastmilk differs

significantly. The nutrients in this milk come from the mother's diet or her nutrient reserves.

Breastfeeding mothers must increase their nutrient intake to maintain good nutritional status.

We added 500 kcal to her diet in accordance with the 2018 Philippine Dietary Reference

Intake (PDRI) and distributed it to her diet. Furthermore, the diet plan was created with her

preferences in mind. Her favorite foods are soup dishes such as tinolang manok, and she avoids
any dishes that have coconut milk because the elders suggested that it is not good for her. That is

why we created a menu that included a variety of foods to meet their nutritional needs, such as

vitamins, minerals, and macronutrients, but also included her preferences. The planned menu

includes a variety of cooking methods to stimulate her appetite.

Conclusion and Recommendation

The researchers advise the patient to eat a variety of foods in order to meet the needs of

both her and her infant. Inadequate dietary intake in a lactating woman can result in a variety of

deficiencies and have an impact on her child's development and growth. Lactating mothers are

particularly vulnerable to protein, vitamin A, calcium, and iron deficiency. To counterbalance

this, the patient must be educated about her food choices and her health, specifically the benefits

of the nutrients she must consume. Protein consumption must be 16 grams per day for the first

six months of lactation, then 12 grams per day for the next six months. This must be done to

increase the lactating mother's milk volume. Vitamin A consumption can assist the lactating

mother in producing milk and meeting not only the vitamin A but also the carotenoid needs of

the infants, who are generally born deficient in this nutrient and rely on breast milk. Because the

growing baby requires more calcium, which is drawn from the mother's bones, calcium

deficiency can affect the lactating mother's bones. Finally, to reimburse for iron loss during

lactation and childbirth, iron consumption should be increased to 23 mg per day.

The patient should be advised to eat a variety of foods high in the aforementioned

nutrients and to lead a healthy lifestyle. She should also exercise, even if only for a short time,

such as walking, to avoid future problems.

Documentation
References:

Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022, May 17). Diet considerations for

breastfeeding mothers. https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/breastfeeding-special-

circumstances/diet-and-micronutrients/maternal-diet.html#:%7E:text=A%20mother’s

%20need%20for%20iodine,or%20in%20iodized%20table%20salt.

Food and Nutrition Research Institute (2015). Department of Science and Technology.

Revised September 2018. http://www.pclm-inc.org/uploads/2/0/4/0/2040875/pdri-

2018.pdf

–1579. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-017-3026-5

Segura, A. S. (2016, June 1). The importance of maternal nutrition during breastfeeding: Do

breastfeeding mothers need nutritional supplements? | Anales de Pediatría. Anales de

Pediatria. https://www.analesdepediatria.org/en-the-importance-maternal-nutrition-

during-articulo-S2341287916300643