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1. Determine the poles of the system represented by
the signal flow graph shown: Using MODE – 3 – 5:
𝑥 𝑦
0 10
2 9

Recall: Half-life is the time where the amount of the

substance is half its original/initial amount.

5𝑥̂ = 13.1576 hrs

A. 1 ± √3 C. 1 ± √2 3. Determine all the points where the function 𝑔(𝑥) =

B. 2 ± √3 D. 2 ± √2 5 − 6𝑥 − 10cos (2𝑥) is not changing.
A. 0.3074 + πn where n = 0, 1, 2, 3,...
B. 0.3074 + 2πn where n = 0, 1, 2, 3,...
First, Let’s obtain the transfer function of the system. In C. 2.8369 + πn where n = 0, 1, 2, 3,...
electronics, recall that the graph shown represents a D. 2.8369 + 2πn where n = 0, 1, 2, 3,...
positive feedback. Recall:
𝐴 In this problem, we are just actually looking for the
𝐴𝑓 =
1 − 𝛽𝐴 values of “x” where g’(x) is equal to 0. (Calculator must
be in radian).
In this case:
𝑔′ (𝑥) = 0 − 6 + 10 sin(2𝑥) ∙ 2 = −6 + 20 sin(2𝑥)
1 2
𝐴= , 𝛽= 0 = −6 + 20 sin(2𝑥) → 𝑥 = 0.152346
𝑠−2 𝑠
𝐶(𝑠) The obtained value is NOT in the choices, but
𝐴𝑓 = remember that IN ONE CYCLE, all trigonometric
𝑅(𝑠)
functions have two angles with same trigonometric
Therefore: value. For sine, the angles with same sine function are
in quadrant 1 and 2. Recall that the angle in the 2nd
1 quadrant with same value of sin(𝜃1 ) is equal to:
𝐶(𝑠) 𝑠 − 2
= 𝜃2 = 𝜋 − 𝜃1 (Where 𝜃1 is in quadrant I and 𝜃2 is in
𝑅(𝑠) 1 − 2 [ 1 ]
𝑠 𝑠−2 quadrant 2 but they have equal sine)

1 Take note that in our solution here, 𝜃1 = 2𝑥 =

𝐶(𝑠) 𝑠 − 2 𝑠 𝑠 2(0.152346) = 0.3047 (function inside sine). Therefore:
= = = 2
𝑅(𝑠) 𝑠[𝑠 − 2] − 2 𝑠[𝑠 − 2] − 2 𝑠 − 2𝑠 − 2
𝑠[𝑠 − 2] 𝜃2 = 𝜋 − (2𝑥) = 𝜋 − 2(0.152346) = 2.8369
Therefore, all the points where 𝑔′ (𝑥) = 0 are at 𝑥 =
For the poles, use mode – 5 – 3 in the denominator:
0.1562346 or at 𝜃 = 0.3047, 2.8369 and their
𝑠 2 − 2𝑠 − 2 = 0 → 𝑠1 = 1 − √3, 𝑠2 = 1 + √3 respective coterminal angles (which are the ones in the
choices): 𝜃1 = 0.3047 ± 2𝜋𝑛 ; 𝜃2 = 2.8369 ± 2𝜋𝑛
where 2𝜋𝑛 are the coterminals and n = 0, 1, 2, 3, …
2. A radioactive substance decreases from 10 grams
to 9 grams in 2 hours. Find its half- life.
A. 13.16 hrs C. 15.16 hrs 4. Determine the second derivative of 6𝑦 − 𝑥𝑦 2 = 1.
B. 14.16 hrs D. 16.16 hrs A. 2𝑦 3 (6 − 2𝑥𝑦)−1 (2 + 𝑥𝑦(6 − 2𝑥𝑦)−1 )
B. 2𝑦 3 (6 − 2𝑥𝑦)−2 (2 + 𝑥𝑦(6 − 2𝑥𝑦)−1 )
C. 𝑦 3 (6 − 2𝑥𝑦)−2 (2 + 𝑥𝑦(6 − 2𝑥𝑦)−1 )
D. 𝑦 3 (6 − 2𝑥𝑦)−1 (2 + 𝑥𝑦(6 − 2𝑥𝑦)−1 )
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5. An equation of the line tangent to y = x^3 + 3x^2 +
The fastest way to solve this problem is manually taking 2 at its point of inflection is:
the derivatives of the function implicitly. But if you are A. y = –6x – 6 C. y = 2x + 10
not that confident in performing implicit derivative, using B. y = –3x + 1 D. y = 3x - 1
calculator technique (getting derivatives) will be trickier
since the function is in implicit form. Recall that:
𝑦2′ − 𝑦1′ In this case, let’s use Point-Slope form. First, let’s solve
𝑦 ′′ = for the point of inflection of the given curve:
Δ𝑥
But since in this case, our function is not in explicit form, 𝑦 ′ = 3𝑥 2 + 6𝑥
𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥), so we cannot directly use our calculator in 𝑦 ′′ = 6𝑥 + 6
obtaining the two derivatives that we need. But also, RECALL: At point of inflection, 𝑦 ′′ = 0
recall that:
𝑦2 − 𝑦1 0 = 6𝑥 + 6 → 𝑥 = −1
𝑦′ = 𝑦 = (−1)3 + 3(−1)2 + 2 = 4
Δ𝑥
Therefore, we can use this to obtain the second For the slope of the tangent line at (–1, 4):
derivative WITHOUT using derivatives and even if our
function is whether in explicit or implicit form ☺ : 𝑚 = 𝑦 ′ = 3𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 = 3(−1)2 + 6(−1) = −3
Combing the two equations, we have:
𝑦3 − 𝑦2 𝑦2 − 𝑦1 Therefore:
𝑦 ′′ =
𝑦2′ − 𝑦1′
= Δ𝑥 − Δ𝑥 𝑦 − 𝑦1 = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥1 )
Δ𝑥 Δ𝑥
In this technique, we just need to compute three values 𝑦 − 4 = −3(𝑥 + 1)
of “y” using assumed value of “x1” and adding Δ𝑥 = 𝑦 = −3𝑥 + 1
0.00001 for x2 and x3 to obtain y2 and y3.
Let 𝑥1 = 2, from the original equation: 6. You are off to soccer, and want to be the
6𝑦 − 𝑥𝑦 2 = 1 Goalkeeper, but that depends who is the Coach
6𝑦1 − 2𝑦12 = 1 today: With Coach Sam the probability of being
𝑦1 = 0.17712434447 → store to 𝐴 Goalkeeper is 0.5, with Coach Alex the probability
of being Goalkeeper is 0.3. Sam is the Coach more
Let 𝑥2 = 2.00001, from the original equation: often about 60% of all the games. What is the
6𝑦 − 𝑥𝑦 2 = 1 probability you will be a Goalkeeper today?
6𝑦2 − 2.00001 ∙ 𝑦22 = 1 A. 36% C. 53%
𝑦2 = 0.17712440376 → store to 𝐵 B. 42% D. 67%

Let 𝑥3 = 2.00002, from the original equation:

6𝑦 − 𝑥𝑦 2 = 1 𝑃 = 0.5(0.6) + 0.3(0.4) = 0.42 𝑜𝑟 42%
6𝑦3 − 2.00002 ∙ 𝑦32 = 1
𝑦3 = 0.17712440376 → store to 𝐶
7. Determine all the values of "c" which satisfy the
𝑦3 − 𝑦2 𝑦2 − 𝑦1 𝐶 −𝐵 𝐵−𝐴 conclusion of Mean Value Theorem for ℎ(𝑧) =
Δ𝑥 − Δ𝑥 0.00001 − 0.00001
′′
𝑦 = = 4𝑧 3 − 8𝑧 2 + 7𝑧 − 2 on [2, 5].
Δ𝑥 0.00001 A. -2.2961 C. -3.6294
𝑦 ′′ = 0.00081936 … ≈ 0.00082 B. 2.2961 D. 3.6294

Substitute the initial values of 𝑥 = 2 and 𝑦 = 𝐴 to the

choices to find the value of y’’ we obtained. For letter B: Recall MVT on [a, b]:
𝑦′′ = 2𝑦 3 (6 − 2𝑥𝑦)−2 (2 + 𝑥𝑦(6 − 2𝑥𝑦)−1 ) 𝑓(𝑏) − 𝑓(𝑎)
𝑦 ′′ = 2𝐴3 (6 − 2(2)(𝐴))−2 (2 + 2(𝐴)(6 − 2(2)(𝐴))−1 ) 𝑓 ′ (𝑐) =
𝑏−𝑎
𝑦 ′′ = 0.000820419 … ≈ 0.00082 ℎ′ (𝑐) = 12𝑐 2 − 16𝑐 + 7
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ℎ(𝑏) = ℎ(5) = 4(5)3 − 8(5)2 + 7(5) − 2 = 333 When it is not stated, the limit of the function is the value
ℎ(𝑎) = ℎ(2) = 4(2)3 − 8(2)2 + 7(2) − 2 = 12 of the function at infinity.

𝑓(𝑏) − 𝑓(𝑎) Using CALC and 𝑥1 = 999, 𝑥2 99999 and 𝑥3 =

′ (𝑐)
𝑓 = 999999
𝑏−𝑎
333 − 12 √𝑥 − √𝑥 − √𝑥 + √𝑥 ≈ −1
12𝑐 2 − 16𝑐 + 7 =
5−2

𝑐1 = −2.2961, 𝑐2 = 3.6294
11. Given three vectors, A = 3i + 4j – 6k, B = 4i + j + 7k,
C = -7i – 9j + 2k as sides of the parallelepiped. Find
From the obtained values, only c2 is valid since it is
the volume of the parallelepiped described by A, B,
within the interval [2, 5].
C.
A. 141 C. 146
8. What is the slope of the conic section represented B. 144 D. 150
by the equation 2x^2 + y^2 – 4x + y – 6 = 0 at
(0,2)?
We can use MODE – 8 here. Just store the given
A. 4/5 C. -4/5
vectors to VctA, VctB and VctC. For volume:
B. 5/4 D. -5/4

𝑉 = (𝐴⃗ × 𝐵
⃗⃗) ∙ 𝐶⃗
For slope, 𝑚 = 𝑦′:
Take note that the order can be interchange, they will
4𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 ′ − 4 + 𝑦 ′ = 0 just differ in sign.

4 𝑉 = (𝑉𝑐𝑡𝐴 × 𝑉𝑐𝑡𝐵) ∙ 𝑉𝑐𝑡𝐶 = 141 𝑐𝑢. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠

4(0) + 2(2)𝑦 ′ − 4 + 𝑦 ′ = 0 → 𝑦′ =
5
12. Find the Laplace transform of the piecewise
9. The region of rejection of H0 is called: function:
(𝑡 3
𝑔(𝑡) = { − 2) 𝑡>2
A. Critical region C. Type-I error
B. Test statistics D. Acceptance region 0 𝑡≤2
3𝑒 −𝑠 3𝑒 −2𝑠
A. C.
Remember that in statistics, H0 stands for null 𝑠4 𝑠4
hypothesis. The region (or area) of “rejecting the null 6𝑒 −𝑠 6𝑒 −2𝑠
hypothesis” is called critical region. The critical region B. D.
𝑠4 𝑠4
is simply the probability (or risk) of rejecting the null
hypothesis REGARDLESS if it’s true or not. While the
probability (or risk) of rejecting the null hypothesis when Instead of starting at 0, lower limit is 2 where the
it is actually true (Type-I error) is called significance function (𝑡 − 2)3 starts.
level. On the contrary, the region of “accepting the null 10
hypothesis” is called acceptance region. 𝑓(𝑠) = ∫ (𝑡 − 2)3 𝑒 −5𝑡 = 0.43584 × 10−6
2

10. Determine the limit of the function:

13. A tank of water in the shape of a cone is leaking
√𝑥 − √𝑥 − √𝑥 + √𝑥 water at a constant rate of 2 ft3/hr. The base radius
of the tank is 5 ft and the height of the tank is 14 ft.
A. -1 C. 1 At what rate is the radius of the top of the water in
B. 0 D. ∞ the tank changing when the depth of the water is
6ft?

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A. 0.025 ft/hr (increasing)
B. 0.050 ft/hr (increasing) Use horizontal strip:
C. 0.025 ft/hr (decreasing) 𝑦2
D. 0.050 ft/hr (decreasing) 𝐴 = ∫ (𝑥2 − 𝑥1 ) 𝑑𝑦
𝑦1

For intersections:
Volume of water:
Equate equations of ‘x’:
1 𝑦2 = 4 → 𝑦 = ±2
𝑉 = 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ
3 2
32
Since what we need is the 𝐴 = ∫ 𝑦 2 − 4 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑠𝑞. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
−2 3
rate of change of radius, we
need to eliminate the variable
“h”: By similar triangles:
15. What statistical error occur when an innocent
person was arrested and found guilty?
𝑟 5 14
= → ℎ= 𝑟 A. Type-I error C. Correct decision
ℎ 14 5 B. Type-II error D. Injustice of Law
Therefore:
1 14 14 3 Hypothesis (H): The person is innocent.
𝑉 = 𝜋𝑟 2 ( 𝑟) = 𝜋𝑟
3 5 15 If H is rejected given that it is true (means that it is true
that the person is innocent but concluded that he/she is
𝑑𝑉 14 𝑑𝑟 guilty), Type-I error will occur.
= 𝜋(3𝑟 2 ) ∙
𝑑𝑡 15 𝑑𝑡 If H is accepted given that it is false (means that it is
false that the person is innocent– therefore guilty, but
Solve for the value of 𝑟 when ℎ = 6 𝑓𝑡: concluded that he/she is not guilty), Type-II error will
occur.
𝑟 5 15
= → 𝑟= 𝑓𝑡
6 14 7
16. The mean of a set of 5 numbers is 90. If one of the
Substitute to the differentiated equation: numbers is removed, the mean of the remaining
numbers is 92. What number was removed?
14 15 2 𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑟 7
2= 𝜋 [3 ( ) ] ∙ → = 𝑓𝑡/ℎ𝑟 A. 82 C. 87
15 7 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 45𝜋 B. 84 D. 90

Now since as the water leaks, the height and radius of

the water decreases. Therefore, the rate of change of From the first paragraph: “mean of 5 numbers is 90”
radius is decreasing at a rate of 7/45𝜋 ft/hr ∑𝑥5
90 = → ∑𝑥5 = 450 (𝑆𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 5 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠)
5
14. What is the area (in square units) bounded by the Let 𝑥1 be the number that was removed. The mean of
curve y2 = x and the line x – 4 = 0? the 4 remaining numbers.
A. 30/3 C. 31/3
B. 32/3 D. 29/3 450 − 𝑥1
92 = → 𝑥1 = 82
4

Graph the given curves and select the right strip to be

used. Though in this case, we can use both horizontal 17. The blood groups of 200 people is distributed as
and vertical strip. For this solution, we will be using follows: 50 have type A blood, 65 have B blood
horizontal strip (you can also try to use vertical strip, type, 70 have O blood type and 15 have type AB
same answer should be obtained): blood. If a person from this group is selected at
random, what is the probability that this person has
O blood type?
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A. 0.20 C. 0.30
B. 0.25 D. 0.35 Apply the given operation one-by-one. Take note that
the value of a and b matters. Evaluate the inner pair
first:
70
𝑃= = 0.35 (𝑎Δ𝑏) = (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎−𝑏) → (2Δ1) = (2 + 1)(2−1) = 3
200
Next pair: (4Δ(2Δ1)) = (4Δ3) = (4 + 3)4−3 = 7
18. Terence Tao is playing rock-paper-scissors. Next pair: (8Δ(4Δ(2Δ1)) = (8Δ7) = (8 + 7)8−7 = 15
Because his mental energy is focused on solving …
the twin primes conjecture, he uses the following Continue evaluating…
very simple strategy …
Last pair: (1024Δ1023) = (1024 + 1023)1024−1023
1. He plays rock first.
= 2047
2. On each subsequent turn, he plays a different
move each with probability 1/2. More probably,
what would be his 5th move? 20. Find the limit of the vector (3, t, 2t) as 𝑡 approaches
A. Rock C. Scissor 5.
B. Paper D. any of the above A. (0, 5, 2) C. (0, 5, 10)
B. (3, 5, 10) D. (3, 5, 2)

This is just like solving limits of a function but in more

than one dimension, thus we will just be performing 3
evaluation of limits (for 3 dimensions). Substitute 𝑡 = 5
at each dimension:
lim[3] = 3 lim[𝑡] = 5 lim[2𝑡] = 10
𝑡→5 𝑡→5 𝑡→5

Therefore, the vector 3𝑖 + 𝑡𝑗 + 2𝑡𝑘 approaches to 3i + 5j

+ 10k as “t” approaches 5. We can directly substitute 5
in “t” since there will be no indeterminate forms.

21. The domain of definition of the function f(x) =

√[log((5x-x2)/3)] is:
A. [1, 4] C. (1, 4]
B. [1, 4) D. (1, 4)
There are 16 possible outcomes in the 5th try by which
most them is Rock.
6 5 5 Let’s use MODE – 7:
𝑃(𝑅) = 𝑃(𝑃) = 𝑃(𝑆) =
16 16 16 5𝑥 − 𝑥 2
𝑓(𝑥) = √log ( )
3
19. An operation Δ on the set of positive integers is
defined by: For START and END let’s use the smallest and largest
aΔb = (a + b)^(a-b) value of “x” in the choices which are 1 and 4.
Evaluate: START? 1
1024Δ(512Δ(256Δ(128Δ(64Δ(32Δ(16Δ(8Δ(4Δ(2Δ1) END? 4
))))))))
A. 2028 C. 2027 For STEP, since we only have narrow limits, let’s use
B. 2047 D. 2048 smaller than 1 value.
STEP? 0.2

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23. Find the expression of the deterministic discrete-
Observe the table. RECALL that the domain are the time signal x(t) whose inverse z-transform is:
values of “x” by which our function “f(x)” is NOT
imaginary/complex or indeterminate which indicates F(z) = [z(1-e^(-ax))]/((z-1)(z-e^(-ax)))
“error” in our table. As we can see there is no error, thus A. 1 – e^(-axt) C. 1 – e^(-ax^2 t)
the domains is from 1 to 4 (including 1 and 4) → [1, 4]. B. 1+ e^(-axt) D. 1+ e^(-ax^2 t)
There is NO NEED to check the values below 1 and
above 4 since the choices only varies whether 1 or 4 are Assume value of “z” and other arbitrary constants to
included or not. obtain a numerical value of F(z). Let z=5, a=2 and x=3.
Be CAREFUL which variables will be replaced, observe
that in this problem, the choices have the variable “t”
22. Two cars start out 500 miles apart. Car A is to the
which is not present in F(z). It means that t is our
west of Car B and starts driving to the east (towards
independent variable to be converted to z after the
Car B) at 35 mph and at the same time Car B starts
transform. Therefore:
driving south at 50 mph. After 3 hours of driving at
what rate is the distance between the two cars 𝑧(1 − 𝑒 −𝑎𝑥 ) 5(1 − 𝑒 −6 )
changing? 𝐹(5) = = = 0.2495
(𝑧 − 1)(𝑧 − 𝑒 −𝑎𝑥 ) (5 − 1)(5 − 𝑒 −6 )
A. increasing at a rate of 13 mph
B. increasing at a rate of 15 mph Take the Z-transform of the choices (use the same
C. decreasing at a rate of 13 mph values of arbitrary constant. In your calculator, replace
D. decreasing at a rate of 15 mph “t” with “x”) until you obtain the same value of F(z). For
LETTER A:
∞ 50
−𝑡 ]
𝐹(𝑧) = ∑[𝑓(𝑡) ∙ 𝑧 = ∑[(1 − 𝑒 −6𝑡 ) ∙ 5−𝑡 ] = 0.2495
𝑡=0 𝑡=0

24. Determine the z-transform of the random discrete-

Based on the diagram shown, the signal m[n] = [1, 4, -7, 3, -2, 0, -8]
unknown is the value of dz/dt.
A. 1 + 4𝑧 −1 − 7𝑧 −2 + 3𝑧 −3 − 2𝑧 −4 − 8𝑧 −5
From the triangle obtained:
B. 1 + 4𝑧 − 7𝑧 2 + 3𝑧 3 − 2𝑧 4 − 8𝑧 5
𝑧2 = 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 C. 1 + 4𝑧 −1 − 7𝑧 −2 + 3𝑧 −3 − 2𝑧 −4 − 8𝑧 −6
𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 D. 1 + 4𝑧 − 7𝑧 2 + 3𝑧 3 − 2𝑧 4 − 8𝑧 6
2𝑧 ∙ = 2𝑥 ∙ + 2𝑦 ∙
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
Solve for the unknown distances 𝑥, 𝑦, and 𝑧 after 3 hrs. Indicate the corresponding “n” of each amplitude first:

𝑥 = 500 − 35(3) = 395 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑚[𝑛] = [1, 4, −7, 3, −2, 0, −8]

𝑦 = 50(3) = 150 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑠 n 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
∞
𝑧 = √3952 + 1502 = 422.522 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑠
𝑀[𝑧] = ∑ 𝑚[𝑛] ∙ 𝑧 −𝑛
Remember that velocities are vectors, so make sure to 𝑛=0
assign ±signs to increasing and decreasing distance. In 𝑀[𝑧] = 1 + 4𝑧 −1 − 7𝑧 −2 + 3𝑧 −3 − 2𝑧 −4 − 8𝑧 −6
𝑑𝑥
this case, the change of “x” is decreasing thus, =𝑑𝑡
−35 𝑚𝑝ℎ. We can also divide the equation by 2.
25. A turkey is removed from an oven after 1 hour
𝑑𝑧
422.522 ∙ = 395 ∙ (−35) + 150 ∙ 50 when it has reached an internal temperature of 165
𝑑𝑡 °F. After 20 minutes, the turkey probe reads 150 °F.
𝑑𝑧 The temperature in the room is 65 °F. Assuming
= −14.9696 𝑚𝑝ℎ Newton's law of cooling, after how many minutes
𝑑𝑡
will the turkey read 120 °F?
Therefore, the distance between car A and B are A. 60 mins C. 74 mins
decreasing at a rate of 14.9696 mph. B. 45 mins D. 84 mins
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29. A bag contains red balls and white balls. If five balls
Let’s use the time when the turkey is removed as the are to be pulled from the bag with replacement, the
reference (x = 0). Using MODE – 3 – 5: probability of getting exactly three red balls is 32
𝑥 (𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒) 𝑦 (𝑇0 − 𝑇𝑠 ) times the probability of getting exactly one red ball.
0 165 − 65 What percent of the balls originally in the bag are
20 150 − 65 red?
A. 1/5 C. 3/5
(120 − 65)𝑥̂ = 73.5714 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑠 B. 2/5 D. 4/5

26. Find the radius of curvature at (0, 0) on the curve y The important key here is the word “with replacement”,
= x^2 – 3x + 1. means that the balls being drawn is replaced in the bag.
A. 14.2 units C. 16.1 units Therefore, the probability of getting a certain color is
B. 15.8 units D. 17.3 units always the same every time. Let R be the number of red
and T be the total number of balls in the bag. Probability
of getting exactly 3 red balls out of 5:
3
[1 + (𝑦 ′ )2 ]2 𝑅 3 𝑅 2
𝜌= 5𝐶2 ( ) (1 − )
|𝑦 ′′ | 𝑇 𝑇
Solve for 𝑦′ and 𝑦′′ at (0, 0): Probability of getting exactly 1 red ball:
𝑅 1 𝑅 4
𝑦 ′ = 2𝑥 − 3 = −3 ; 𝑦 ′′ = 2 5𝐶1 ( ) (1 − )
3 3
𝑇 𝑇
[1 + (𝑦 ′ )2 ]2 [1 + (−3)2 ]2
𝜌= = = 15.811 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 Using the given relationship:
|𝑦 ′′ | 2 𝑅 3 𝑅 2 𝑅 𝑅 4
10 ( ) (1 − ) = 32 [5 ( ) (1 − ) ]
𝑇 𝑇 𝑇 𝑇
27. Determine the differential equation of the system
Simplify further for it to be easier to SHIFT-CALC:
represented by the flow graph shown:
𝑅 2 𝑅 2 𝑅 4 4
10 ( ) = 160 (1 − ) → = ,
𝑇 𝑇 𝑇 3 5
Take note that 𝑅/𝑇 is actually the unknown which if the
percentage or fraction (must be < 1) of red balls in the
𝑅 4
bag. Therefore, it should be less than 1. Thus, = .
𝑇 5
𝑑𝑥(𝑡) 𝑑𝑥(𝑡)
A. 𝑦(𝑡) = + 𝑥(𝑡) + 2 C. 𝑦(𝑡) = + 2𝑥(𝑡)
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑥(𝑡) 𝑑𝑥(𝑡)
B. 𝑦(𝑡) = + 𝑥(𝑡) − 2 D. 𝑦(𝑡) = + 3𝑥(𝑡) 30. Find the rate of change with respect to x of the
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
slope of the tangent line to the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 1 at
the point (2, 7).
From The graph shown, y(t) is simply the sum of the three A. 10 C. 12
path from the take-off point if x(t) B. 11 D. 13
𝑑𝑥(𝑡) 𝑑𝑥(𝑡)
𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑥(𝑡) + 2𝑥(𝑡) + = 3𝑥(𝑡) +
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑦
Slope: 𝑚 = = 𝑦′
𝑑𝑥
𝑑
28. Find the Laplace transform of the piecewise Rate of change of slope with respect to “x”: (𝑦′)
𝑑𝑥
function:
(𝑡 − 1)2 ; 𝑡 > 1 Simply, we are just looking for the 2nd derivative of the
𝑔(𝑡) = { function with respect to x. Therefore:
0 ; 𝑡<1
A. e^(-s)/s^3 C. e^(-2s)/s^3 𝑦 ′ = 3𝑥 2
B. 2e^(-s)/s^3 D. 2e^(-2s)/s^3 𝑦 ′′ = 6𝑥 = 6(2) = 12

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31. Find the average value of the function f(x)=√(x+1) III. After the increase, all 5 scores are greater than
from x=0 to x=3. or equal to 25.
A. 17/9 C. 14/9 A. I only C. I and II only
B. 11/9 D. 13/9 B. II and III only D. I and III only

𝑏 If each value is increased by 2, the average will also

1
𝑦𝑎𝑣𝑒 = ∫ 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 increase by 2, so statement I is true.
𝑏−𝑎 𝑎
3
If each value is increased by 2, the highest and lowest
1 14 scores increased by 2, thus the difference between the
𝑦𝑎𝑣𝑒 = ∫ √𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥 =
3−0 0 9 highest and lowest remains the same. So statement II is
false.

32. Evaluate: Even if the 4 scores are 100 after the increase, in order
3𝑥 2 + 1 to obtain an average of 85, the 5th (lowest) score should
∫3 𝑑𝑥 be:
√(2𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 + 1)2
100 + 100 + 100 + 100 + 𝑥
33
85 = → 𝑥 = 25
A. √2𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1 + 𝐶 5
2
13 If the 4 scores are less than 100, the smallest score ‘x’
B. √2𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1 + 𝐶 will be greater than 25. Thus, we can say that all scores
2
33 are greater than or equal to 25, so statement III is true
C. √2𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 + 1 + 𝐶 also.
2
13
D. √2𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 + 1 + 𝐶 Therefore, Statements I and III are true.
2

Assume value of “x” to the integrand. Let 𝑥 = 2: 34. In an exam, two reasoning problems, 1 and 2, are
asked. 35% students solved problem 1 and 15%
3𝑥 2 + 1 3(2)2 + 1 students solved both the problems. How many
3
= 3
= 1.7079 students can solve the second problem?
√(2𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 + 1)2 √(2(2)3 + 2(2) + 1)2 A. 0.15 C. 0.43
B. 0.35 D. 0.05
Take the derivative of the choices using the same value
of “x” to obtain the same value of the integrand. We can
just remove the arbitrary constant C since its derivative 𝑃(𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑑) = 𝑃(1 𝑜𝑛𝑙𝑦) ∙ 𝑃(2 𝑜𝑛𝑙𝑦)
is just 0. For letter C:
0.15 = 0.35 ∙ 𝑃(2 𝑜𝑛𝑙𝑦) → 𝑃(2 𝑜𝑛𝑙𝑦) = 0.43
𝑑 33
[ √2𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 + 1] = 1.7079
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑥=2
35. If an empty rectangular water tank that has base
dimensions of 40 centimeters by 20 centimeters,
33. On a recent chemistry test, the average (arithmetic and height of 100 centimeters is to be filled using a
mean) score among 5 students was 83, where the pipe with outflowing water of 50 cm3/s, how fast is
lowest and highest possible scores were 0 and 100, the height of the water rising?
respectively. If the teacher decides to increase A. 0.00625 cm/s C. 0.625 cm/s
each student’s score by 2 points, and if none of the B. 0.0625 cm/s D. 6.25 cm/s
students originally scored more than 98, which of
the following must be true?
I. After the scores are increased; the average score 𝑉 = 𝐿×𝑊×𝐻
is 85.
II. When the scores are increased, the difference Take note that as the water level is rising, the length
between the highest and lowest scores is increased and width of the volume of the water remains the same.
by 2.
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38. A person is standing 350 feet away from a model
Therefore, L and H will be considered constant and rocket that is fired straight up into the air at a rate of
directly substitute their values. 15 ft/sec. At what rate is the distance between the
person and the rocket increasing 1 minute after lift-
𝑉 = 40(20)𝐻 → 𝑉 = 800𝐻
off?
Take the derivative of the volume with respect to time: A. 13.98 ft/s C. 15.36 ft/s
B. 14.01 ft/s D. 16.53 ft/s
𝑑𝑉 𝑑𝐻
= 800 ∙
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝐻 𝑑𝐻 𝑧2 = 𝑥2 + 𝑦2
50 = 800 ∙ → = 0.0625 𝑐𝑚/𝑠
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

36. A ______ error is made if H1 is true but H0 is

accepted.
A. Type-I C. Sampling error Since the “horizontal” distance between the person and
B. Type-II D. Standard error rocket is constant, we can directly substitute the value of
350 to “x” before taking derivative or if you take the
Let’s make an example. derivative first, dx/dt = 0.
Null Hypothesis (H0): A person is NOT innocent.
Alternative Hypothesis (H1): A person is innocent. 𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑦
𝑧 2 = 3502 + 𝑦 2 → 2𝑧 ∙ = 0 + 2𝑦 ∙
If H1 is true (means the person is actually innocent), H0 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
is false and should be rejected. But since it is accepted, Compute for 𝑧 and 𝑦 after 1 minute (60 seconds):
accepting the null hypothesis when it is false produces 𝑥 = 350 𝑓𝑡
Type-II error. 𝑦 = 15(60) = 900 𝑓𝑡
𝑧 = √3502 + 9002 = 965.66 𝑓𝑡
37. Let x and y be two positive numbers such that 𝑥 +
Take note that dy/dt is positive since “y” is increasing as
2𝑦 = 50 and (𝑥 + 1)(𝑦 + 2) is a maximum. Find the rocket lifts-off.
the larger number.
A. 53/2 C. 47/3 𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑧
B. 53/3 D. 47/4 965.66 ∙ = 900 ∙ (15) → = 13.98 𝑓𝑡/𝑠
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

Let the expression to be maximize be 𝑃. 39. Two dice are rolled, find the probability that the sum
𝑃 = (𝑥 + 1)(𝑦 + 2) is less than 13.
A. 0 C. 3/4
Express 𝑃 in terms of one variable only. B. ½ D. 1
From 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 50 → 𝑥 = 50 − 2𝑦:

𝑃 = (50 − 2𝑦 + 1)(𝑦 + 2) The maximum sum of outcomes of two dice is 12 thus it

will always be less than 13.
𝑃 = 51𝑦 + 102 − 2𝑦 2 − 4𝑦
𝑑𝑃
= 51 − 4𝑦 − 4 40. Find the value of the limit:
𝑑𝑦
47 𝑥2
0 = 47 − 4𝑦 → 𝑦=
4
= 11.75 ∫ sec 2 (𝑡) 𝑑𝑡
lim 0
𝑥→0 𝑥 sin (𝑥)
47 53
𝑥 = 50 − 2𝑦 = 50 − 2 ( )= = 26.5 A. 0 C. 2
4 2
B. 1 D. 3
The larger number is 53/2.

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42. If population standard deviation is known and n >
Let 𝑥 = 0.000001, and your calculator should be in 30, the appropriate test statistics mean comparison
radian mode: is:
A. t-test C. z-test
1
0.0000012
B. F-test D. x2-test
∫0 𝑑𝑥
cos2 (𝑥)
=1
0.000001 sin(0.000001)
For the same given in the problem but n < 30, use t-test
when comparing two groups. If more than two groups
41. Which of the following is NOT a solution of the non- will be compared, use ANOVA test. F-test is used to test
linear simultaneous equations xy = 4 and x2/4 + equality of two population variances. Chi-square (x2)
y2/25 = 1? test is used to identify relationship between two
A. (4/√5, √5) C. (2/√5, 2√5) categorical variables of a population.
B. (–4/√5, –√5) D. (–2/√5, 2√5)

43. Ann has 6 dice and rolls to see if at least one of

Using substitution, from equation 1: 𝑦 = 4/𝑥 them comes up six. Bob has 12 dice and rolls
Multiply the equation with the product of denominators hoping for two or more to come up six. Who has a
to eliminate them. better chance of succeeding?
A. Ann C. equal probability
4 2 B. Bob D. cannot determined
𝑥2 (𝑥 ) 64
+ =1 → 25𝑥 2 + = 100
4 25 𝑥2
Further simplify, this is to see how many values of roots For Anna, atleast two out of 12 dice will show 6.
are there. Multiply all sides by 𝑥 2 : Probability of a die showing a 6 is 1/6.

25𝑥 4 − 100𝑥 2 + 64 = 0 𝑃(𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑤𝑠 6) = 𝑃(1 𝑑𝑖𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑤 6)

+ 𝑃(2 𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑑ℎ𝑜𝑤 6)
Therefore, we actually have FOUR roots. To use MODE … + 𝑃(𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑤 6)
5 – 3, let 𝑥 ′ = 𝑥 2 : 6
′ )2 ′
1 𝑥 5 6−𝑥
25(𝑥 − 100𝑥 + 64 = 0 → Use MODE – 5 – 3 𝑃(𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑤𝑠 6) = ∑ 6𝐶𝑥 ( ) ( ) = 0.665
6 6
𝑥=1
𝑥1′ = 3.2 and 𝑥′2 = 0.8
For Bob, atleast one out of 6 dice will show 6.
But take note what we solved are the values of 𝑥 ′ .
Probability of a die showing a 6 is 1/6.
Therefore:
4√5 4√5 𝑃(𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑤𝑠 6) = 𝑃(2 𝑑𝑖𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑤 6) +
𝑥 ′ = 𝑥 2 → 𝑥 2 = 3.2 → 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 = ,−
5 5 𝑃(3 𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑑ℎ𝑜𝑤 6) +…
2√5 2√5 … + 𝑃(𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑤 6)
𝑥′ = 𝑥2 → 𝑥 2 = 0.8 → 𝑥3 , 𝑥4 =
,− 12
5 5 1 𝑥 5 12−𝑥
Since all the choices have correct possible values of x- 𝑃(𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑤𝑠 6) = ∑ 12𝐶𝑥 ( ) ( ) = 0.619
6 6
coordinates, we need to check the y coordinates. Again, 𝑥=2
from the given: 𝑦 = 4/𝑥 Probability of Ann succeeding is 66.5% while for Bob is
61.9%, thus, Ann has more chance of succeeding.
4√ 5
𝐴𝑡: 𝑥1 = → 𝑦1 = √5 (𝐴 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡)
5
4√ 5 44. Evaluate:
𝐴𝑡: 𝑥2 = − → 𝑦2 = −√5 (𝐵 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡)
5 5 1 1
2√ 5 ∫ ∫ ∫ (5𝑥 + 1)𝑧 2 𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝐴𝑡: 𝑥3 = → 𝑦3 = 2√5 (𝐶 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡)
5 0 0 −4
2√ 5 A. 1853/2 C. 3855/2
𝐴𝑡: 𝑥4 = − → 𝑦4 = −2√5 (𝐷 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡)
5 B. 2925/2 D. 4287/2
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Since we have definite integral and the variables can be For arithmetic sequence: 𝑢𝑛 = 𝑢1 + 𝑑(𝑛 − 1)
separated (both must be satisfied), we can directly use
our calculator. Though all variables will be expressed in 𝑢3 = 𝑢1 + 𝑑(3 − 1)
terms of “x”. Also, be careful with our limits, make sure 4 = 𝑢1 + 2𝑑 → 𝑒𝑞. 1
to use the correct limits for each variable. 𝑢𝑛−2 = 𝑢1 + 𝑑(𝑛 − 2 − 1)
5 1 1 9 = 𝑢1 + (𝑛 − 3)𝑑
2925
∫ (5𝑥 + 1) 𝑑𝑥 ∙ ∫ 𝑧 2 𝑑𝑧 ∙ ∫ 1 𝑑𝑦 = 9 = 𝑢1 + 𝑛𝑑 − 3𝑑 → 𝑒𝑞. 2
0 −4 0 2
Take note that we only have two equations but three
TAKE NOTE that if the function does not fit in your unknowns, so here we will be using trial and error. But
calculator, you can evaluate each integral individually first, let’s reduce the number of unknowns, based on the
and take their product. equations, we can equate the expressions of u1 :
4 − 2𝑑 = 9 − 𝑛𝑑 + 3𝑑
45. The total response of a control system is given as Try values for ‘n’, which is the number of terms,
𝑦(𝑡) = 10𝑡 + 5𝑒 −𝑡 . Determine its transient obviously we have more than 3 terms from the given u3
response. = 4 and yet we still have a term that is equal to 9. Thus,
A. 10 C. 10𝑡 let’s assume for value of n from n = 4 (take note that the
B. 5 D. 5𝑒 −𝑡 value of n is the number of terms therefore it should be
whole number/integer).
From the equation: 4 − 2𝑑 = 9 − 𝑛𝑑 + 3𝑑
Remember that the transient response of the system is
At 𝑛 = 4 → 𝑑 = −5
the part of total time response that vanishes or become
At 𝑛 = 5 → 𝑑 = 𝑛𝑜 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
0 as time 𝑡 increases. While the steady state is the
At 𝑛 = 6 → 𝑑 = 5
remaining part of the time response that still exists when
transient response falls to zero. In this case, only term At 𝑛 = 7 → 𝑑 = 2.5
5e-t will approach 0 as t approaches infinity. Therefore, At 𝑛 = 8 → 𝑑 = 1.667
the transient response is 5e-t and the steady state At 𝑛 = 9 → 𝑑 = 1.25
response is 10t. At 𝑛 = 10 → 𝑑 = 1
At 𝑛 = 11 → 𝑑 = 0.8333

46. Find a unit vector parallel to the resultant of vectors The question is when do we stop? It depends on the
r1 = 2i + 4j - 5k and r2 = i + 2j + 3k. value of ‘d’. From our problem, it is stated that the
arithmetic sequence in “increasing” and the common
A. (3, 6, -2) C. (3/7, 6/7, -2/7)
B. (3/5, 6/5, -2/5) D. any of the mentioned difference is “integer”. Therefore, the value of “d” should
be a positive integer and greater than or equal to 1.

Find the resultant first: Observe from our trials, at n > 11, the value of “d” will
just continue to decrease by which it becomes less than
𝑅 = 𝑟1 + 𝑟2 = [2𝑖 + 4𝑗 − 5𝑘] + [𝑖 + 2𝑗 + 3𝑘]
1. The values of “d” that will satisfy the conditions
𝑅 = 3𝑖 + 6𝑗 − 2𝑘 (positive integer and greater than or equal to 1) of our
Unit vector parallel of 𝑅 is simply the unit vector of 𝑅: problem are at:
𝑅 3𝑖 + 6𝑗 − 2𝑘 3 6 2 𝑛=6 → 𝑑=5
𝑅̂ = = = 𝑖+ 𝑗− 𝑘
|𝑅| √32 + 62 + (−2)2 7 7 7 𝑛 = 10 → 𝑑=1
We will be trying both conditions to solve for the
47. In the increasing arithmetic sequence (with general unknown and hope that only one of the answers will be
term 𝑢𝑛 = 𝑢1 + 𝑑(𝑛 − 1)), u_1, u_2 … u_n, the in the choices. 😊 Solve for the value of 𝑢1 (to solve the
common difference, d, is an integer. If u_3 = 4 and value of 𝑢𝑛 ), you can use any of out two equations:
u_(n−2) = 9, find u_n + 2n.
A. 27 C. 33 At 𝑛 = 6, 𝑑 = 5 → 𝑢1 = 4 − 2𝑑 = −6
B. 31 D. 37 At 𝑛 = 10, 𝑑 = 1 → 𝑢1 = 4 − 2𝑑 = 2

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50. A 15-foot ladder is resting against the wall. The
Our unknown is: 𝑢𝑛 + 2𝑛 bottom is initially 10 feet away from the wall and is
Where 𝑢𝑛 = 𝑢1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 being pushed towards the wall at a rate of 0.25
ft/sec. How fast is the top of the ladder moving up
At 𝑛 = 6, 𝑑 = 5, 𝑢1 = −6: the wall 12 seconds after we start pushing?
𝑢𝑛 + 2𝑛 = [−6 + (6 − 1)5] + 2(6) = 31 A. 0.1319 ft/s C. 0.3191 ft/s
B. 0.1913 ft/s D. 0.9131 ft/s
At 𝑛 = 10, 𝑑 = 1, 𝑢1 = 2:
𝑢𝑛 + 2𝑛 = [2 + (10 − 1)1] + 2(10) = 31
In this case, the length of the ladder is constant. Let “𝑥 ”
As we can see, whichever conditions we use, the value be the distance between the foot of the ladder and the
of 𝑢𝑛 + 2𝑛 = 31 wall and “𝑦” is the distance of the top of the ladder from
the floor. Therefore:

48. The following data are the set of scores obtained by 152 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2
students taking engineering: 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
Scores: Frequency: 0 = 2𝑥 ∙ + 2𝑦 ∙
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
61/100 27
64/100 23 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
0=𝑥∙ +𝑦∙
65/100 16 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
72/100 11
77/100 12 Solve for the variables 𝑥 and 𝑦 after 12 seconds.
81/100 10 𝑥 = 10 − 0.25(12) = 7 𝑓𝑡
88/100 19 152 = 72 + 𝑦 2 → 𝑦 = 13.2665 𝑓𝑡
91/100 17
94/100 9 Note: dx/dt is negative since “x” (distance between wall
97/100 2 and foot of ladder) is decreasing.
𝑑𝑦
What is the relative frequency of 91? 0 = 7 ∙ (−0.25) + 13.2665 ∙
A. 11.64% C. 91%
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑦
B. 19.18% D. 92.47% = 0.131911 𝑓𝑡/𝑠
𝑑𝑡

The relative frequency is just the percentage of the

51. The value of the integral: ∫x(1 – x)^n dx from 0 to 1.
number of a specific data with respect to the total
A. 1/(n + 1) C. 1/(n + 1) - 1/(n + 2)
number of the data.
B. 1/(n + 2) D. 1/(n +1) + 1/(n + 2)
17
𝑅𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝐹𝑟𝑒𝑞. 𝑜𝑓 19 = × 100% = 11.6438%
146
Type the equation in your calculator and assume value
for ‘n’. Let n = 2
49. The probability of correctly rejecting a false null 1
1
hypothesis is called: ∫ 𝑥(1 − 𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥 =
A. Level of significance C. Critical region 0 12
B. Level of confidence D. Power of test Then substitute the same value of ‘n’ in the choices and
look for the answer that is closest or equal to 1/12.

While the probability that a true null hypothesis will be

accepted is the level of confidence (confidence level). 52. An urn contains 4 green balls and 6 blue balls. A
This two are probabilities of making a correct decision in second urn contains 16 green and N blue balls. A
rejecting or accepting the a false or true hypothesis single ball is drawn at random from each urn. The
respectively. probability that both balls are of the same color is
0.58. Find the value of N.
A. 114 C. 134
B. 124 D. 144
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𝑃(𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑟) = 𝑃(𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑛) + 𝑃(𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑏𝑙𝑢𝑒) 𝑆𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝐴 (to obtain more accurate solution)
4 16 6 𝑁
0.58 = ( )( )+( )( ) (iii) Solve for 𝑦2 in the choice we used in step (ii) using
4 + 6 16 + 𝑁 4 + 6 16 + 𝑁
𝑥2 = 𝑥1 + 0.00001 = 2.00001 and using the solved
𝑁 = 144 value of 𝐶 stored in 𝐴.

For letter A:
53. Which of the following represents autocorrelation of
(2.00001)2 cos(𝑦2 ) + (𝑦2 )2 sin(2.00001) = 𝐴
the continuous-time signal x(t)u(t)?
∞ ∞ 𝑦2 = 3.000015753 → 𝑆𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝐵
A. ∫−∞ 𝑥(𝑡) ∙ 𝑥(𝜏 − 𝑡) 𝑑𝑡 C. ∫−∞ 𝑥(𝑡) ∙ 𝑥(𝑡 − 𝜏) 𝑑𝑡
∞ ∞ Repeat Shift-CALC if you are getting a value of y2 far
B. ∫0 𝑥(𝑡) ∙ 𝑥(𝜏 − 𝑡) 𝑑𝑡 D. ∫0 𝑥(𝑡) ∙ 𝑥(𝑡 − 𝜏) 𝑑𝑡
from y1. Just like in this case, there are actually two
values of y2.
Letter A: Convolution of x(t) to itself 𝑑𝑦
Letter B: Convolution of x(t) u(t) to itself (iv) Solve for using the parameters necessary:
𝑑𝑥
Letter C: Autocorrelation of x(t)
But remember that in convolution caltech, upper limit is 𝑑𝑦 𝑦2 − 𝑦1 𝐵−3
= = = 1.575309574
typically equal to 𝜏. 𝑑𝑥 Δ𝑥 0.00001
Check the other choices to make sure that this will be
54. Determine the solution of the differential equation the closes to the value we obtained from step (i).
[2xcos(y) + y2cos(x)]dx + [2ysin(x) – x2sin(y)]dy = 0
A. x2cos(y) + y2sin(x ) = C
B. xcos(y) – ysin(x) = C 55. Find the slope of the line tangent to the curve 𝑥 4 +
C. x2cos2(y) + y2sin2(x) = C 𝑦 2 = 3 at (1, −√2).
D. x2cos(x) – y2sin(y) = C A. 1/√2 C. √2
B. -1/√2 D. -√2
Choices are in IMPLICIT FORM, therefore, we will be
using 4-step solution. For this problem, I will be using Recall that the slope of the curve and a tangent line at
“without derivative” solution. We need to complete the the same point are equal. By manual derivative of the
following elements: implicit function, we have:
𝑑𝑦 𝑦2 − 𝑦1 𝑦2 − 𝑦1
= = 4𝑥 3 + 2𝑦𝑦 ′ = 0
𝑑𝑥 𝑥2 − 𝑥1 Δ𝑥
4(1)3 + 2(−√2)𝑦 ′ = 0 → 𝑦 ′ = 𝑚 𝑇 = √2
𝑑𝑦
Step (i) From the given, solve for by letting 𝑥1 = 2,
𝑑𝑥
𝑦1 = 3. Don’t forget to use Radian when dealing with 56. Find the area bounded by the curve x = y2 + 2y and
trigonometric functions in D.E. the line x = 3.
𝑑𝑦 2𝑥 cos(𝑦) + 𝑦 2 cos(𝑥) A. 23/2 sq. units C. 32/2 sq. units
𝑦′ = =− B. 23/3 sq. units D. 32/3 sq. units
𝑑𝑥 2𝑦 sin(𝑥) − 𝑥 2 sin(𝑦)
𝑑𝑦 2(2) cos(3) + (3)2 cos(2)
𝑦′ = =− = 1.5753039 … Using horizontal strip, we need limits for 𝑦 Intersection
𝑑𝑥 2(3) sin(2) − (2)2 sin(3)
at y (equate expressions of x):
(ii) Solve for the value C of every choices using the
same values of 𝑥1 and 𝑦1 before proceeding to the 3 = 𝑦 2 + 2𝑦 → 𝑦1 = −3, 𝑦2 = 1
next steps..
1
32
For letter A: |𝐴| = ∫ (𝑦 2 + 2𝑦 − 3) 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑠𝑞. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
2
𝑥 2 cos(𝑦) + 𝑦 2 sin(𝑥 ) = 𝐶 −3

(2)2 cos(3) + (3)2 sin(2) = 𝐶 → 𝐶 = 4.223706 …

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57. Martin loves chocolate milk so he visits a plant
every day. However, each day the plant has a 2/3 We can simplify the right side:
chance of bottling chocolate milk. What is the 1 + 𝑧 + 𝑡 + 𝑧𝑡 = (1 + 𝑧)(1 + 𝑡)
probability that the bottling plant bottles chocolate
milk at most 4 of the 5 days Martin visits? 𝑑𝑧
= (1 + 𝑧)(1 + 𝑡)
A. 1/2 C. 112/243 𝑑𝑡
B. 80/243 D. 211/243 𝑑𝑧
= (1 + 𝑡)𝑑𝑡
1+𝑧
𝑃 = 𝑃(𝑛𝑜 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑘) + 𝑃(1 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑘) + 𝑃(2 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑘) + 𝑃(3 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑘) As we can see, the D.E. is separable. Now to check if
+ 𝑃(4 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑘) it’s linear, recall the format for linear D.E.:
Or we can just use the complement to make the solution 𝑑𝑦
+ 𝑃(𝑥)𝑦 = 𝑄(𝑥)
shorter: 𝑑𝑥
2 5 211
𝑃 = 1 − 𝑃(5 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑘) = 1 − 5𝐶5 ( ) = Following the pattern, the given D.E. is linear we ha can
3 243
obtain the format:
𝑑𝑧
58. Find expression of the sum of the infinite series: + 𝑃(𝑡)𝑧 = 𝑄(𝑡)
𝑑𝑡
1 1 1 1 1 Let’s factor out 𝑧 and transpose all non-“z” variables and
+ + + + +⋯
1(2) 2(3) 3(4) 4(5) 5(6) constants to the other side.
A. 1 + 1/(n+1) C. 1 + 1/(n-1) 𝑑𝑧
+ (1 + 𝑡)𝑧 = −(1 + 𝑡)
B. 1 – 1/(n-1) D. 1 – 1/(n+1) 𝑑𝑡
Therefore, the D.E. is linear to variable 𝑡 with 𝑃(𝑡) =
1 + 𝑡 and 𝑄(𝑡) = −(1 + 𝑡).
Observe the pattern, each denominator is product of 𝑛
and 𝑛 + 1 starting at 𝑛 = 1. You can assign any upper
value since we have infinite series. Try using more than 60. If the z-transform of a discrete signal is given as
one value of the upper limit for 𝑛 and use it for the 𝑧−2
values of 𝑛 in the choices. , what is the signal’s Fourier transform?
1+0.5𝑧 −2
20 𝑒 −𝑗𝜔 −2 −𝑗𝜔−2
1 20 A. D.
∑[ ]= 1+0.5𝑒 𝑗2𝜔 1+0.5(−𝑗𝜔)−2
𝑛(𝑛 + 1) 21 𝑒 𝑗𝜔 −2 𝑗𝜔−2
𝑛=1
B. C.
1+0.5𝑒 −𝑗2𝜔 1+0.5(𝑗𝜔)−2
Substitute 𝑛 = 20 in the choices. For letter D:
1 1 20 Replace 𝑧 with 𝑟𝑒 𝑗𝜔 where 𝑟 is the radius of
1− =1− =
𝑛+1 20 + 1 21 convergence. Use 𝑟 = 1 if not given.

59. Classify the differential equation: 61. Using the following data, find the approximate sum
𝑑𝑧 square error (SSE) using ANOVA test.
= 1 + 𝑧 + 𝑡 + 𝑧𝑡
𝑑𝑡
A. Separable and non-linear
B. Linear and not separable
C. Both separable and linear
D. Neither separable nor linear

A. 1068 C. 1680
B. 1086 D. 1860
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1 −1
Recall: A. 𝑟(𝜃) = C. 𝑟(𝜃) =
ln(𝜃)+𝐶 ln(𝜃)+𝐶
𝑆𝑆𝐸 2 −2
𝑀𝑆𝐸 = B. 𝑟(𝜃) = D. 𝑟(𝜃) =
𝑑𝑓2 ln(𝜃)+𝐶 ln(𝜃)+𝐶

For 𝑆𝑆𝐸:
Using calculator technique for explicit choices, let
2
Compute for 𝜎 ∙ 𝑛 of each group. Each group has size 𝑑𝑟 4
𝑛 = 5, but we need to individually soilve for their standard 𝑟 = 2, 𝜃 = 3 → =
𝑑𝜃 3
deviation (use population SD – 𝜎𝑥 ). Using your calculator
MODE – 3 – 1, we will obtain the following: Find the value of C and take the derivative of every
choices using the same value of 𝑟 and 𝜃.
𝜎𝐺1 = 11.1.0706 …
𝜎𝐺2 = 10.15086 … For letter C:
𝜎𝐺3 = 12.10619 …
−1 −1
𝑟= → 2= → 𝐶 = −1.598612
Solve for 𝑆𝑆𝐸 = (𝜎𝑥 )2 ∙ 𝑛 of each group: ln(𝜃) + 𝐶 ln(3) + 𝐶
𝑑 −1 4
𝑆𝑆𝐸𝐺1 = 612.8 [ ] ≈
𝑆𝑆𝐸𝐺2 = 515.2 𝑑𝜃 ln(𝜃) − 1.5986 𝜃=3 3
𝑆𝑆𝐸𝐺3 = 732.8

𝑆𝑆𝐸 = 612.8 + 515.2 + 732.8 = 1,860.8 64. Find the Laplace of the function:
𝑔(𝑡) = 3𝑡 sinh (𝑡)
62. In the system of linear equations: A. s/(s^2 - 1)^2 C. s/(s^2 + 1)^2
𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 25 B. 6s/(s^2 - 1)^2 D. 6s/(s^2 + 1)^2

5𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 0
10
𝑦−𝑧 =6 𝐹(𝑠) = ∫ (3𝑡 ∙ sinh (𝑡))(𝑒 −5𝑡 ) 𝑑𝑡 = 0.052083
0
If the values of x, y and z is written in fractions such
that x = a/m, y = b/m and z = c/m. Find the value of For letter B:
a + b + c. 6𝑠 6(5)
A. 105 C. 120 = 2 = 0.052083
B. 110 D. 125 (𝑠 2 − 1)2 (5 − 1)

Using 𝑀𝑂𝐷𝐸 5: 2, solve for the values of x, y and z. 65. Two dice are thrown simultaneously. What is the
probability of getting two numbers whose product is
131 143 113 even?
𝑥=− 𝑦= 𝑧= A. 1/4 C. 3/4
5 5 5
B. 1/3 D. 7/4
By observation, since x = a/m, y = b/m and z = c/m, we
can say that m = 5, thus a = -131, b = 143 and c = 113.
Pairs that will produce even products:
𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = −131 + 143 + 113 = 125 (1, 2), (1, 4), (1, 6), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2,
6), (3, 2), (3, 4), (3, 6), (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5),
(4, 6), (5, 2), (5, 4), (5, 6), (6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6,
63. Determine the general solution of the differential 5), (6, 6)
equation:
27 3
𝑑𝑟 𝑟 2 𝑃= =
= 36 4
𝑑𝜃 𝜃
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TAKE NOTE that the given question is different from the Let 𝑥 be the dimension of the square to be cut-off from
question “what is the probability that the product is each corner. The volume of the box will be:
even?”. In this 2nd question, we will be looking on the
products (NOT on the pairs) and we will be counting the 𝑉 = 𝐴𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 ∙ ℎ
same product as one. 𝑉 = [(50 − 2𝑥)(20 − 2𝑥)] ∙ 𝑥
𝑉 = (1000 − 140𝑥 + 4𝑥 2 ) ∙ 𝑥
For example, the pairs (3, 4) and (6, 2) will produce an
even number (12) when multiplied. In the original
𝑉 = 1000𝑥 − 140𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 3
𝑑𝑉
question, the two pairs will be counted separately but in = 1000 − 280𝑥 + 12𝑥 2
the 2nd case, we will be looking on the answer 12 and it 𝑑𝑥
will just be counted as one (all pairs with product of 12 0 = 1000 − 280𝑥 + 12𝑥 2
will be counted as one). So be careful on where we will
be focusing and considering in the numerator. 𝑥1 = 4.4018 𝑐𝑚 𝑥2 = 18.9315 𝑐𝑚

The volume will be maximum if we cut 4.4018 cm

66. Find the inverse Laplace of the continuous signal: square from the corners. We cannot actually cut
18.9315 square from the corners since one of the
3 dimension is only 20 cm, therefore, the maximum
𝑠2 + 4𝑠 + 13 square in each corner that we can cut is only 10 cm.
You can also check if the obtain value will produce
A. f(t) = e^(2t)sinh(3t) C. f(t) = e^(2t)sin(3t)
maximum or minimum using the 2nd derivative of the
B. f(t) = e^(-2t)sinh(3t) D. f(t) = e^(-2t)sin(3t)
parameter to be maximize/minimize. If 𝑉′′ is positive at
the obtained value of 𝑥 , that 𝑥 will produce minimum
Again, for inverse Laplace, we will take the Laplace of and minimum if negative.
the choices. But first, solve for the numerical value of
the Laplace at 𝑠 = 5.
68. A vector in 3-dimensional space is given as: 3i – 6j
3 3 + 15k. What is the angle between this vector and
𝐹(5) = 2 = the z-axis?
5 + 4(5) + 13 58
A. 24.1o C. 41.2o
Take the Laplace of the choices at 𝑠 = 5: B. 32.7o D. 50.5o
∞
𝐹(𝑠) = ∫ 𝑓(𝑡) 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑑𝑡 Recall that we can compute for the angle between the
0
10
3 vector and the coordinate axes using its direction of
𝐹(5) = ∫ (𝑒 −2𝑡 sin 3𝑡) 𝑒 −5𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = cosine/direction vector or what we commonly known as
0 58 unit vector. Compute for the unit vector (direction of
cosine) first:
67. We have a piece of cardboard that is 50 cm by 20 𝐴⃗ 3𝑖 − 6𝑗 + 15𝑘 1 2 5
cm and we are going to cut out the corners and fold 𝐴̂ = = = 𝑖− 𝑗+ 𝑘
|𝐴⃗| √32 + (−6)2 + 152 √30 √30 √30
up the sides to form a box. Determine the height of
the box that will give a maximum volume. Again, the reason why we also call it direction of cosine
A. 4.4018 cm C. 13.1510 cm is because the coefficients of the unit vector is the
B. 8.3227 cm D. 18.9315 cm cosine of the angle with respect to their axis.
5
𝜃𝑧 = cos −1 [ ] = 24.0948°
√30

69. Find the area of the segment cut off from the curve
1
𝑦 = sin(𝑥) , 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝜋 by the line 𝑦 = .
√2
A. 0.3035 sq. units C. 0.3503 sq. units
B. 0.3053 sq. units D. 0.3530 sq. units
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71. Evaluate the derivative shown:
Graph the given curve and line, take that the 0 to 𝜋 for
sin(x) is the portion of the curve that we will be 𝜕
[sin(𝑥 2 𝑦 2 )]
considering (quadrant 1 and 2), it is not the limits! Let’s 𝜕𝑥
use vertical strip for the area. A. cos (𝑥2 𝑦2 ) C. − cos(𝑥 2 𝑦 2 ) ∙ 2𝑥𝑦 2
B. cos(𝑥 2 𝑦 2 ) ∙ 2𝑥𝑦 2 D. none o the above
Intersections:
1
sin(𝑥) = Using your calculator, assign value for y (since it is
√2 partial derivative). Perform derivative in radian mode.
𝜋 Let y = 3 and for limit of x = 2.
𝑥=
4 𝑑
[sin(𝑥 2 ∙ 9)]𝑥=2 = −4.6067
𝑑𝑥
As we can see, we actually have two intersections. Use the same value of 𝑥 and 𝑦 to the choices.
Recall that the angles that produce the same sine For letter B:
function is at the 1st and 2nd quadrant. We already cos(𝑥 2 𝑦 2 ) ∙ 2𝑥𝑦 2
solved the angle in the first quadrant, the angle at the cos(22 ∙ 32 ) ∙ 2(2)(32 ) = −4.6067
2nd quadrant is at:
𝜋 3𝜋
𝑥2 = 𝜋 − 𝑥1 = 𝜋 − = 72. The mean height of 500 people is 170 cm and the
4 4
standard deviation is 9 cm. Assuming the heights
𝑥2
are normally distributed, determine the number of
𝐴 = ∫ (𝑦𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 − 𝑦𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 ) 𝑑𝑥
𝑥1
people likely to have heights between 150 cm and
195 cm.
3𝜋/4
1 A. 317 C. 457
𝐴=∫ (sin 𝑥 − ) 𝑑𝑥 B. 349 D. 492
𝜋/4 √2
𝐴 = 0.30349 𝑠𝑞. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
First, find the Z-score of the limits 150 cm and 195 cm.
𝑥𝑛 − 𝜇
70. Determine the mean square error (MSE) of the 𝑍𝑛 =
𝜎
information shown:
150 − 170 20
𝑍150 = =−
9 9
195 − 170 25
𝑍195 = =
9 9
After computing for the Z-score, go to MODE 3 – 1 –
AC. For the probability that a person’s height is between
150 and 195 cm, SHIFT – 1 [STAT] – 5 [Distr] – 1 [P(]
A. 155.07 C. 177.07 (type the right side of the equation below).
B. 165.07 D. 192.07
25 20
𝑃(150 < 𝑥 < 195) = 𝑃 ( ) − 𝑃 (− ) = 0.984126
9 9
From number 61, 𝑆𝑆𝐸 = 1860.8. For 𝑑𝑓2 = 𝑁 − 𝑘 where The two P(n) can be interchanged, the other will just be
N is the total data and k is the number of groups. negative but always remember that a probability is
always positive so just neglect the sign.
𝑆𝑆𝐸 1860.8
𝑀𝑆𝐸 = = = 155.0667 For the number of persons with height of between 150
𝑑𝑓2 15 − 3 cm and 195 cm out of 500 people:
𝑁 = 0.984126 × 500 = 492

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73. Two people are 50 feet apart. One of them starts
walking north at a rate so that the angle shown in Recall:
the diagram below is changing at a constant rate of sin(𝑥 + 𝑦) = sin(𝑥) cos(𝑦) + cos(𝑥) sin(𝑦)
0.01 rad/min. At what rate is distance between the
𝜋 2
two people changing when 𝜃 = 0.5 radians?
∫ ∫ 𝑥 2 [sin(𝑥) cos(𝑦) + cos(𝑥) sin(𝑦)] 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
0 0

Distribute the integrals and 𝑥 2 :

𝜋 2
∫ ∫ 𝑥2 sin(𝑥) cos(𝑦) 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
0 0
𝜋 2

A. 0.3113 ft/min C. 0.3311 ft/min + ∫ ∫ 𝑥2 cos(𝑥) sin(𝑦) 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥

0 0
B. 0.3131 ft/min D. none of the above
Since each term is expressed as product of functions of
x and y, we can now use our calculator directly (just
Since we have given rate of change of angle, we need arrange the integral first and always check the correct
to use an equation that involves 𝜃, hypotenuse and limits for each variable). In order to avoid error in typing,
adjacent (which is constant).Taking the derivative with we can individually solve for the integrals of each term
respect to time of cosine function: (don’t forget to use radian).
50 𝜋 2
cos(𝜃) = ∫ ∫ 𝑥2 sin(𝑥) cos(𝑦) 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝑥
0 0
𝑑𝜃 1 𝑑𝑥 𝜋 2
− sin(𝜃) ∙ = 50 [− 2 ] ∙
𝑑𝑡 𝑥 𝑑𝑡 = ∫ 𝑥2 sin(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 ∙ ∫ cos(𝑦) 𝑑𝑦
0 0
= 5.337216178 → 𝑆𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝐴
From the obtained derivative equation, we need to solve
for the value of 𝑥 when 𝜃 = 0.5 radian. (Calculator must 𝜋 2
be in radian) ∫ ∫ 𝑥 2 cos(𝑥) sin(𝑦) 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
0 0
𝜋 2
50
cos(0.5) = → 𝑥 = 56.9747 𝑓𝑡 = ∫ 𝑥 2 cos(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 ∙ ∫ sin(𝑦) 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 0 0
1 𝑑𝑥 = −8.897912996 → 𝑆𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝐵
sin(0.5) ∙ 0.01 = 50 [ ]∙
56.9747 2 𝑑𝑡 𝐴 + 𝐵 = −3.560696818

𝑑𝑥
= 0.31125 𝑓𝑡/𝑚𝑖𝑛 75. Evaluate the limit of the function as x approaches 0.
𝑑𝑡
1 1
−
74. Evaluate: 𝑥√1 + 𝑥 𝑥
𝜋 2
A. -0.5 C. -1
∫ ∫ 𝑥 2 sin(𝑥 + 𝑦) 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 B. 0.5 D. 1
0 0

A. -3.5607 C. -5.1247
B. -4.1546 D. -6.3507 Type the function and use CALC, let x = 0.000001.

In order to use our calculator directly, we need to 76. If there are 250 typographical errors randomly
separate the x and y variables as product. But we have distributed in a 1000-page manuscript, find the
sin(𝑥 + 𝑦), it may seems impossible to separate but we probability that any given page has exactly 2 errors.
can use trigonometric identity (sum of angles). A. 0.016 C. 0.036
B. 0.024 D. 0.046
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79. Obtain the particular solution of the differential
Using Poisson’s distribution: equation at (0, 1).
𝑒 −𝜇 𝜇𝑛 𝑦 ′ = 𝑒 −𝑦 (2𝑥 − 4)
𝑃=
𝑛!
A. 𝑦 = ln(𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 1)
Recall: 𝜇 = average error per page = 250/1000 B. 𝑦 = ln(𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 2)
𝑛 = number of desired success = 2 C. 𝑦 = ln(𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 𝑒)
250 250 2 D. 𝑦 = ln(𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 𝑒 2 )
𝑒 −1000 (1000)
𝑃= = 0.0243375
2!
Use the given value of x and y to obtain a numerical
value of dy/dx:
77. Evaluate: 𝑑𝑦
10 1 = 𝑒 −1 (2 ∙ 0 − 4) = −1.4715
−𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥
∫ ∫ 𝑒 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
0 0
A. 0.554 C. 0.757 Take the derivative of the choices using the given
B. 0.631 D. 0.886 values.
𝑑
[ln(𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 𝑒)]𝑥=0 = −1.4715
𝑑𝑥
In your calculator (all variables will be in terms of “x”):
1 10
2 80. Find the Taylor series representation of the function
∫ 1 𝑑𝑥 × ∫ 𝑒 −𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 0.88623
0 0 ln(3 + 4𝑥) with center at x = 0.
∞ 4 𝑛
(−1)𝑛 ( )
𝐴. ln(3) + ∑ [ 3 𝑥𝑛 ]
78. Find the second derivative of x2 + 4y2 = 8 at point 𝑛
𝑛=1
(2, -1).
A. 1/4 C. 1/2 ∞ 4 𝑛
(−1)𝑛+1 ( )
B. 1/3 D. 3/4 𝐵. ln(3) + ∑ [ 3 𝑥𝑛 ]
𝑛
𝑛=1

In this case, it will be faster to use manual derivative. ∞ 4 𝑛+1

(−1)𝑛 ( )
But you can also use Caltech. 𝐶. ln(3) + ∑ [ 3 𝑥𝑛 ]
𝑛
First derivative: 𝑛=1
𝑑 2
[𝑥 + 4𝑦 2 = 8] ∞ 4 𝑛+1
𝑑𝑥 (−1)𝑛+1 ( )
𝐷. ln(3) + ∑ [ 3 𝑥𝑛 ]
2𝑥 + 4(2𝑦)𝑦 ′ = 0 𝑛=1
𝑛
2𝑥 + 8𝑦𝑦 ′ = 0
Second derivative:
𝑑 We can use our calculator in solving this type of
[2𝑥 + 8𝑦𝑦 ′ = 0] question (finding the general term of the Maclaurin
𝑑𝑥 series representation of a function). Unlike in finding the
2 + 8[𝑦𝑦 ′′ + 𝑦 ′ 𝑦 ′ ] = 0 nth term of a power series. Assume ANY value of 𝑥 and
2 + 8𝑦𝑦 ′′ + 8(𝑦 ′ )2 = 0 𝑛 will be our variable. Let 𝑥 = 2 and change ∞ to 20
(the higher the value the better but may take longer time
To get the numerical value of 𝑦′′, we need the value of to solve. You can also use two values to make sure).
𝑦′. From the first derivative, substitute the point (2, –1):
In the given: ln(3 + 4𝑥) = ln(3 + 4(2)) = 2.397895 …
2(2) + 8(−1)𝑦 ′ = 0 → 𝑦 ′ = 0.5
Substitute to 2nd derivative: 2 + 8𝑦𝑦 ′′ + 8(𝑦 ′ )2 = 0 Substitute in the choices. Use the same value of “x”,
and change all “n” to “x”. For letter B:
2 + 8(−1)𝑦 ′′ + 8(0.5)2 = 0 → 𝑦 ′′ = 0.5
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∞
∞ 4 𝑛
(−1)𝑛+1 ( ) 𝐹(𝑠) = ∫ 𝑓(𝑡) ∙ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑑𝑡
ln(3) + ∑ [ 3 𝑥𝑛] 0
𝑛
𝑛=1 At 𝑠 = 5:

20 4 𝑥 10 𝑡 5
(−1)𝑥+1 ( ) 𝐹(5) = ∫ 𝑒 5 ∙ 𝑒 −5𝑡 𝑑𝑡 =
ln(3) + ∑ [ 3 (2)𝑥 ] = −11856206.91
0 24
𝑥
𝑥=1
Substitute the value of “s” in the choices. For letter A:
If none of the choices satisfies the computed value of 5 5 5
the given at our assumed value of “x”, the best thing to = =
do is to change the value of “x” to something less than 1 5𝑠 − 1 5(5) − 1 24
(in the given and the choices). Now let’s use 𝑥 = 0.5:
In the given: ln(3 + 4𝑥) = ln(3 + 4(0.5)) = 1.609437 … 84. Evaluate the limit of the function as x approaches
an infinitely large value.
Again, using letter B:

20 4 𝑥 √9𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 3𝑥
(−1)𝑥+1 ( )
ln(3) + ∑ [ 3 (0.5)𝑥 ] = 1.609432 …
A. 1/2 C. 1/5
𝑥 B. 1/3 D. 1/6
𝑥=1

81. Find the standard deviation of the data: Use CALC where 𝑥1 = 999, 𝑥2 = 99,999, 𝑥3 = 999,999.
90, 94, 53, 68, 79, 84, 87, 72, 70, 69, 65, 89, 85
A. 10 C. 12
B. 11 D. 13 85. Solve for the solution of the differential equation:
𝑥𝑦’ + 𝑦 = 0 for 𝑦(1) = 3.
A. 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥 = 1 C. 𝑥𝑦 = 1
Compute for the standard deviation using MODE – 3 – 1 B. 𝑥𝑦 = 3 D. 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥 = 3

82. What is the mean value of the function g(x) = 8x – 3 (i) Use the given value of x and y, (1, 3), to obtain a
+ 5e^(2-x) from the interval of 0 to 2? numerical value of dy/dx:
A. 0.25(1+e^2) C. 1.5(1+e^2)
B. 0.5(1+e^2) D. 2.5(1+e^2) 𝑑𝑦 𝑦
= − = −3
𝑑𝑥 .𝑥
𝑏 (iii) Take the derivative of the choices using the given
1
𝑦𝑎𝑣𝑒 = ∫ 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 values. We can express all the choices in explicit
𝑏−𝑎 𝑎 form, 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥), so we can just use our calculator
2 directly. For letter B, 𝑦 = 3/𝑥 :
1
𝑦𝑎𝑣𝑒 = ∫ (8𝑥 − 3 + 5𝑒 2−𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥 𝑑 3
2−0 0
( ) = −3
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑥=1
𝑦𝑎𝑣𝑒 = 20.97264025 = 2.5(1 + 𝑒 2 )

86. Determine 𝑓(𝑥) given that 𝑓′(𝑥) = 12𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 and

83. Find the Laplace of: 𝑓(−3) = 17.
𝑡 A. 4x^3 − 2x^2 + 143 C. 4x^3 − 2x^2 + 56
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑒 5
B. 4x^3 − 2x^2 + 114 D. 4x^3 − 2x^2 + 17
A. 5/(5s – 1) C. s/(5s – 1)
B. 5s/(5s – 1) D. 1/(5s – 1)
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If we will be taking the derivative of the choices, all will 𝑦2 − 𝑦1

𝑦′ =
just come up with 12𝑥 2 − 4𝑥. But for sure, only one of Δ𝑥
the choices will satisfy the given condition at 𝑥 = −3, Using this formula, we will not be using any derivative.
the value of 𝑓(𝑥) = 17. We will just solve for two values of 𝑦 at x1 and x2 with
A. 4x3 − 2x2 + 143 = 4(-3)3 – 2(-3)2 + 143 = 17
Δ𝑥 = 0.00001. Let x1 = 2 (calculator in radian):
B. 4x3 − 2x2 + 114 = 4(-3)3 – 2(-3)2 + 114 = -12
C. 4x3 − 2x2 + 56 = 4(-3)3 – 2(-3)2 + 56 = -70
D. 4x3 − 2x2 + 17 = 4(-3)3 – 2(-3)2 + 17 = -109
𝑥12 tan(𝑦1 ) + (𝑦1 )10 sec(𝑥1 ) = 2𝑥1
(2)2 tan(𝑦1 ) + (𝑦1 )10 sec(2) = 2(2)
Therefore, the answer is A. You can also try to manually 𝑦1 = 0.829794574 … → 𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝐴
take the integral of the given, just don’t forget the “+ C”
after integration and solve it using (–3, 17). You may SHIFT CALC different value of y1, it’s okay as
long as your y2 is close to your y1. For x2 = 2.00001:

87. Find the general solution of the differential equation (𝑥2 )2 tan(𝑦2 ) + (𝑦2 )10 sec(𝑥2 ) = 2𝑥2
shown: (2.00001)2 tan(𝑦1 ) + (𝑦1 )10 sec(2.00001) = 2(2.00001)
𝑦 ′′′ − 12𝑦 ′′ + 48𝑦 ′ − 64𝑦 = 0 𝑦2 = 0.829787262 … → 𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝐵

A. 𝑦 = 𝐶1 𝑒 4𝑡 + 𝐶2 𝑡𝑒 4𝑡 + 𝐶3 𝑡 2 𝑒 4𝑡 𝑦2 − 𝑦1 𝐵−𝐴
B. 𝑦 = 𝐶1 𝑒 4𝑡 + 𝐶2 𝑡𝑒 4𝑡 + 𝐶3 𝑒 −4𝑡 𝑦′ = = = −0.7312
Δ𝑥 0.00001
C. 𝑦 = 𝐶1 𝑒 4𝑡 + 𝐶2 𝑒 −4𝑡 + 𝐶3 𝑡𝑒 −4𝑡
D. 𝑦 = 𝐶1 𝑒 −4𝑡 + 𝐶2 𝑡𝑒 −4𝑡 + 𝐶3 𝑡 2 𝑒 −4𝑡 Substitute the values of x1 and y1 to the choices to find
the closest or equal to -0.7312.

Rewrite the given differential equation in terms of For Letter A:

derivatives “D”. 2 − 𝑦10 sec(𝑥) tan(𝑥) − 2𝑥 tan(𝑦)
𝐷 3 − 12𝐷2 + 48𝐷 − 64 = 0 𝑥 2 sec 2 (𝑦) + 10𝑦 9 sec(𝑥)
Find the roots (r) using MODE – 5 – 4: 𝑟1 = 𝑟2 = 𝑟3 = 4 2 − (𝐴)10 sec(2) tan(2) − 2(2) tan(𝐴)
= −0.74125
Though our calculator will just display “4”, but take note (2)2 sec 2(𝐴) + 10(𝐴)9 sec(2)
that a 3rd degree D.E. (or even simple equation) have 3
roots/solutions. In case of D.E., we must have 3 Though the obtained value is somehow from -0.7312
arbitrary constants. Recall the format for equal roots: BUT among the choices, it will be the closest. For closer
result you can always use smaller value of Δ𝑥.
𝑦 = 𝐶1 𝑒 4𝑡 + 𝐶2 𝑡𝑒 4𝑡 + 𝐶3 𝑡 2 𝑒 4𝑡

89. Find the angle between the vectors 2i – 4j – k and

88. Find the derivative of 𝑥 2 tan(𝑦) + 𝑦10 sec(𝑥) = 2𝑥 . 5j + 2k.
2−𝑦 10 sec(𝑥) tan(𝑥)−2𝑥 tan(𝑦) A. 142° C. 161°
A.
𝑥 2 sec2(𝑦)+10𝑦 9 sec(𝑥) B. 153° D. 173°
2−𝑦 10 sec(𝑥) tan(𝑥)+2𝑥 tan(𝑦)
B.
𝑥 2 sec2(𝑦)−10𝑦 9 sec(𝑥)
2+𝑦 10 sec(𝑥) tan(𝑥)+2𝑥 tan(𝑦) Using Dot/Scalar product (you can solve it manually or
C. using calculator 𝑀𝑂𝐷𝐸 8):
𝑥 2 sec2(𝑦)+10𝑦 9 sec(𝑥)
D. none of the above 𝐴∙𝐵
𝜃 = cos−1 ( )
|𝐴||𝐵|
You can use manual derivative if it will be faster for you. 2(0) + (−4)(5) + (−1)(2)
Using Caltech, since the function is not in explicit form, f 𝜃 = cos−1 [ ] = 153.06°
= f(x), we cannot use direct derivative in our calculator. √22 + 42 + 12 √52 + 22
Let’s use the definition of derivative:

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90. Find the Laplace transform of:
In short, we are looking for the probability that the first
5𝑒 3𝑥 sin(𝑥) + 𝑥 roll will be even AND the second roll will be odd. The
probability that outcome of a die will be odd or even are
5 1 5 5
A. + C. + both 3/6 = 1/2.
𝑠 2 −6𝑠+10 𝑠2 𝑠 2 −6𝑠+10 𝑠2
1 1 1
5 1 5 5 𝑃 = 𝑃(𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛) ∙ 𝑃(𝑜𝑑𝑑) = ( ) =
B. + D. + 2 2 4
𝑠 2 −6𝑠+10 𝑠 𝑠 2 −6𝑠+10 𝑠

93. Find the derivative:

∞
𝐹(𝑠) = ∫ 𝑓(𝑡) ∙ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑
0 [2𝑥 ∙ ln(𝑥 + 1)]
𝑑𝑥
At 𝑠 = 5: 𝑥 𝑥
A. 2 [𝑙𝑛(𝑥 + 1) + ] C. 2 [𝑙𝑛(𝑥 + 1) + ]
𝑥+2 𝑥+1
10
𝐹(5) = ∫ (5𝑒 3𝑥 sin 𝑥 + 𝑥) ∙ 𝑒 −5𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 1.04 B. 2 [𝑙𝑛(𝑥 + 1) +
2𝑥
] D. 2 [𝑙𝑛(𝑥 + 1) +
2𝑥
]
0 𝑥+2 𝑥+1

Substitute the value of “s” in the choices. For letter A:

5 1 5 1 We can directly get the derivative using our calculator at
+ = + = 1.04 any assumed value of “x” to obtain a numerical value.
𝑠 2 − 6𝑠 + 10 𝑠 2 (5)2 − 6(5) + 10 52 Substitute the value of “x” at the choices to obtain the
same numerical value.
91. Find the coefficient of the 3rd term of the Taylor
series of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 7/𝑥 4 at x = -3. 94. Determine the fourth derivative of ℎ(𝑡) = 3𝑡 7 −
A. -28/243 C. -70/729 6𝑡 4 + 8𝑡 3 − 12𝑡 + 18.
B. 28/243 D. 70/729 A. 2250t3 + 144 C. 2250t3 – 144
3
B. 2520t + 144 D. 2520t3 – 144

𝒏 𝑓 𝑛 (𝑥) = 𝑓 𝑛 (−3) (𝑥 − 𝑎)𝑛 /𝑛!

(𝑫𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒕𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆) For this type of function (polynomial), it will be faster to
7 7 7 use manual differentiation:
0 = = (𝑥 + 3)0 /0!
𝑥 4 (−3)4 81 ℎ′ (𝑡) = 21𝑡 6 − 24𝑡 3 + 24𝑡 2 − 12
28 28 28 ℎ′′ (𝑡) = 126𝑡 5 − 72𝑡 2 + 48𝑡
1 − 5
=−
(−3) 5
= (𝑥 + 3)1 /1! ℎ′′′ (𝑡) = 630𝑡 4 − 144𝑡 + 48
𝑥 243
ℎ𝑖𝑣 (𝑡) = 2520𝑡 3 − 144
140 140 140
2 6
= 6
= (𝑥 + 3)2 /2!
𝑥 (−3) 729
95. Find the arc length of f(x) = (1/3)(x2 + 2)3/2 on the
7 7 28 140 (𝑥 + 3) 2 interval [0, a].
= + (𝑥 + 3) + ∙ +⋯ A. a + (a^2)/3 C. a + (a^2)/2
𝑥 4 81 243 729 2! B. a + (a^3)/3 D. a + (a^3)/2
Coefficient of 3rd term:
Just use our arc length formula and let 𝑎 = 2.
140 70
=
729 ∙ 2! 729 𝑥2
𝑑𝑦 2
𝑆 = ∫ √1 + ( ) 𝑑𝑥
𝑥1 𝑑𝑥
92. A fair dice is rolled twice. What is the probability For dy/dx:
that an odd number will follow an even number? 1 3
A. 1/2 C. 1/3 𝑦 = (𝑥 2 + 2)2
B. 1/6 D. 1/4 3
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A. 16 C. 24
𝑑𝑦 1 3 2 1
B. 20 D. 28
= [ (𝑥 + 2)2 ∙ (2𝑥)] = 𝑥√𝑥 2 + 2
𝑑𝑥 3 2
2 2 14 From our first equation: 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 8
𝑆 = ∫ √1 + (𝑥 √𝑥 2 + 2) 𝑑𝑥 =
0 3 The possible values of x and y are:
𝑥 = 4, 𝑦 = 4
Substitute 𝑎 = 2 to the choices. For letter B: 𝑥 = 5, 𝑦 = 3
𝑎3 23 14 𝑥 = 6, 𝑦 = 2
𝑎+ =2+ = 𝑥 = 7, 𝑦 = 1
3 3 3
In our second equation, use the possible values of x and
96. Find the differential equation of the RLC circuit y to obtain the possible values of z.
represented by transfer function 𝑃(𝑠) = 𝑣𝑜 /𝑣𝑠 :
𝑧 = √𝑥𝑦 − 16 → 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑒𝑞. 2
1
𝐿𝐶 𝑥 = 4, 𝑦 = 4 → 𝑧=0
𝑃(𝑠) =
𝑅 1 𝑥 = 5, 𝑦 = 3 → 𝑧=𝑖
𝑠 2 + ( 𝐿 ) 𝑠 + 𝐿𝐶
𝑥 = 6, 𝑦 = 2 → 𝑧 = 2𝑖
𝑑 2 𝑣𝑜 𝑅𝑣𝑜 𝑣𝑖 𝑣𝑖 𝑥 = 7, 𝑦 = 1 → 𝑧 = 3𝑖
A. + + =
𝑑𝑡 2 𝐿 𝐿𝐶 𝐿𝐶
Remember that the problem stated that the values of x,
𝑑 2 𝑣𝑜 𝑅𝑣𝑜 𝑣𝑜 𝑣𝑖 y and z are whole number. The only value of z that
B. + + = satisfies the condition is 0.
𝑑𝑡 2 𝐿 𝐿𝐶 𝐿𝐶
𝑑 2 𝑣𝑜 𝑅 𝑑𝑣𝑜 𝑣𝑖 𝑣𝑖 At 𝑥 = 4, 𝑦 = 4, 𝑧 = 0
C. + + =
𝑑𝑡 2 𝐿 𝑑𝑡 𝐿𝐶 𝐿𝐶
3𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 3(4) + 2(4) + 0 = 20
𝑑 2 𝑣𝑜 𝑅 𝑑𝑣𝑜 𝑣𝑜 𝑣𝑖
D. + + =
𝑑𝑡 2 𝐿 𝑑𝑡 𝐿𝐶 𝐿𝐶
98. The angle of elevation is the angle formed by a
horizontal line and a line joining the observer’s eye
Simplify the expression: to an object above the horizontal line. A person is
1 500 feet way from the launch point of a hot air
𝑣𝑜 𝐿𝐶 balloon. The hot air balloon is starting to come back
= down at a rate of 15 ft/sec. At what rate is the angle
𝑣𝑖 𝑅 1
𝑠 2 + ( 𝐿 ) 𝑠 + 𝐿𝐶 of elevation, θ, changing when the hot air balloon is
200 feet above the ground.
𝑅 1 1 A. -0.02586 degrees/second
[𝑠 2 + ( ) 𝑠 + ] 𝑣𝑜 = 𝑣
𝐿 𝐿𝐶 𝐿𝐶 𝑖 B. -0.2856 degrees/second
C. -0.5682 degrees/second
Take the inverse Laplace, just 𝑠 with 𝑑/𝑑𝑡: D. -1.4817 degrees/second
𝑑2 𝑅 𝑑 1 𝑣𝑖
[ 2+ + ] 𝑣𝑜 = In this case, use tangent function to include the given
𝑑𝑡 𝐿 𝑑𝑡 𝐿𝐶 𝐿𝐶 opposite and adjacent to the angle. Since the distance
Distribute: between the person and the launch point is constant, we
can directly use 500 ft for the adjacent leg.
𝑑2 𝑣𝑜 𝑅 𝑑𝑣𝑜 𝑣𝑜 𝑣𝑖 𝑦
2
+ + = tan(𝜃) =
𝑑𝑡 𝐿 𝑑𝑡 𝐿𝐶 𝐿𝐶 500
Taking the derivative with respect to time we have:
97. Let x, y and z be whole numbers such that they
𝑑𝜃 1 𝑑𝑦
satisfy the system of non-linear equations: 𝑥 + 𝑦 = sec 2(𝜃) ∙ = ∙
8, 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑧 2 + 16. Find the value of 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝑧. 𝑑𝑡 500 𝑑𝑡

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 ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS PLEASE KEEP
THIS FILE
PRE-BOARD EXAMINATION 1 SOLUTION CONFIDENTIAL
________________________________________________________________________________

We need to solve for the value of 𝜃 when y = 200 ft. 𝜋 0.7071 𝜋 2

sin(𝑥) = 0.7071 + 0.7071 (𝑥 − ) − (𝑥 − )
200 4 2! 4
tan(𝜃) = → 𝜃 = 0.380506 𝑟𝑎𝑑 0.7071 𝜋 3 0.7071 𝜋 4
500 − (𝑥 − ) + (𝑥 − ) + ⋯
3! 4 4! 4
Therefore:
𝑑𝜃 1 0.7071
sec 2(0.380506) ∙ = ∙ (−15) The coefficient of 5th term is = 0.02946
𝑑𝑡 500 4!
𝑑𝜃
= −0.02586207677 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝜃 180°
= −0.02586207677 × = −1.4818°/𝑠
𝑑𝑡 𝜋

99. Assume a population of fish grows exponentially. A

pond is stocked initially with 500 fish. After
6 months, there are 1,000 fish in the pond. The
owner will allow his friends and neighbors to fish on
his pond after the fish population reaches 10,000.
After how many months will the owner’s friends be
allowed to fish?
A. 24 months C. 26 months
B. 25 months D. 27 months

Using MODE – 3 – 5:

𝑥 𝑦
0 500
6 1,000

SHIFT – 1 [STAT] – 5 [Reg] – 4 [𝑥̂]:

10,000𝑥̂ = 25.9316 𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑠

100. Find the coefficient of the 5th term of the Taylor

𝜋
series expansion of sin(x) at x = .
4
A. 0.0125 C. 0.0295
B. 0.0225 D. 0.0325
𝜋
𝒏 𝑓 𝑛 (𝑥) = 𝑓 𝑛 ( ) (𝑥 − 𝑎)𝑛 /𝑛!
4
0 sin 𝑥 = sin 𝜋/4 = 0.7071 (𝑥 − 𝜋)0 /0!

1 cos 𝑥 = cos 𝜋/4 = 0.7071 (𝑥 − 𝜋)1 /1!

𝜋
2 − sin 𝑥 = − sin = −0.7071 (𝑥 − 𝜋)2 /2!
4
𝜋
3 − cos 𝑥 = − cos = −0.7071 (𝑥 − 𝜋)3 /3!
4
𝜋
4 sin 𝑥 = sin = 0.7071 (𝑥 − 𝜋)4 /4!
4
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