Contents

II. VOCABULARY: Food and cooking............................................................................................................. 1

1. Types of Food: ....................................................................................................................................... 1
a. Fruits .................................................................................................................................................. 1
b. Vegetables: ........................................................................................................................................ 2
c. Meats: ................................................................................................................................................ 2
d. Sea Foods:.......................................................................................................................................... 3
2. Cooking: ................................................................................................................................................. 4
3. Describing Taste: ................................................................................................................................... 5
4. Phrasal verbs related to cooking: .......................................................................................................... 8
III. PRONOUNCIATION: Short and long vowel sounds ............................................................................... 9
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1A Eating in…and out

I. VOCABULARY: Food and cooking

1. Types of Food:
a. Fruits:

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b. Vegetables:

c. Meats:

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d. Sea Foods:

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2. Cooking:

Ready-made food: Food that has been prepared and cooked in advance, often packaged and available
for immediate consumption without further cooking.
*Example:* Frozen dinners, canned soup, or pre-packaged salads.
Toppings: Ingredients added to the surface of a dish, often to enhance flavor or texture.
*Example:* Pizza toppings like pepperoni, vegetables, or cheese, or ice cream toppings like chocolate
syrup and nuts.
Fillings: Ingredients placed inside a food item, such as a sandwich, pastry, or dumpling, to add flavor
and substance.
*Example:* Chicken filling in a sandwich, fruit filling in a pie, or meat filling in dumplings.
Allergic: Having an allergic reaction to certain substances, typically proteins, which can lead to
symptoms ranging from mild to severe.
*Example:* Someone allergic to peanuts may experience an adverse reaction if they consume a
product containing peanuts.
Intolerant: Being unable to digest or process certain substances, often leading to digestive discomfort
but not involving the immune system.
*Example:* Lactose intolerant individuals may experience digestive issues after consuming dairy
products.

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3. Describing Taste:
Acidic Fishy Moldy Rubbery

Bitter Flavorful Mild Salty

Burnt Fresh Minty Savoury

Buttery Fried Moist Seasoned

Cheesy Herbal Peppery Sharp

Citrusy Hot Pickled Smokey

Creamy Icy Plain Sour

Eggy Infused Rancid Spicy

Fermented Juicy Raw Stale

Fiery Lemony Refreshing Strong

Ripe Roased Rotten Sugary

Acidic: Having a sour or sharp taste, often associated with acidity in foods.
*Example:* A vinaigrette dressing or citrus fruits like lemons and oranges.
Bitter:A strong and slightly sharp taste that is not sweet.
*Example:* Dark chocolate or black coffee.
Burnt: A flavor resulting from overcooking or charring, often associated with a smoky or bitter
taste.
*Example:* Burnt toast or roasted coffee beans.
Buttery: Having a rich and smooth taste, similar to the flavor of butter.
*Example:* Buttered popcorn or a creamy Alfredo sauce.
Cheesy: Having a taste or aroma reminiscent of cheese.
*Example:* Pizza with melted cheese or a cheesy pasta dish.
Citrusy: Having the taste or aroma of citrus fruits.
*Example:* Lemonade or orange-flavored candies.
Creamy: Having a smooth and rich texture, often associated with dairy products.
*Example:* Creamy soup or a smooth, velvety dessert.

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Eggy: Having the taste or smell of eggs.
*Example:* Scrambled eggs or custard.
Fermented: Having undergone a process of fermentation, often resulting in a tangy or sour
taste.
*Example:* Fermented pickles or kimchi.
Fiery: Extremely hot or spicy.
*Example:* Hot chili peppers or spicy curry.
Fishy: Having a taste or smell reminiscent of fish.
*Example:* Sushi or grilled salmon.
Flavorful: Having a strong and distinct taste.
*Example:* A well-seasoned steak or a flavorful curry.
Fresh: Having a clean and crisp taste, often associated with recently harvested or prepared
foods.
*Example:* Fresh fruit salad or a crisp salad.
Fried: Cooked by deep frying, resulting in a crispy exterior.
*Example:* Fried chicken or french fries.
Herbal: Having a taste or aroma derived from herbs.
*Example:* Herbal tea or dishes seasoned with fresh herbs.
Hot: Spicy or high in temperature.
*Example:* Hot sauce or a bowl of piping hot soup.

Icy: Extremely cold or having a frozen texture.

*Example:* Icy sorbet or a frozen beverage.
Infused: Having flavors imparted by soaking in a liquid, often used in reference to herbs or
fruits.
*Example:* Infused water with mint and cucumber.
Juicy: Moist and full of liquid, often used to describe fruits or meats.
*Example:* A juicy watermelon or a succulent steak.
Lemony: Having the taste or aroma of lemons.
*Example:* Lemonade or lemon-flavored desserts.
Mild:Having a gentle or subtle taste, not too strong or overpowering.
*Example:* Mild cheese or a mild salsa.
Minty: Having the taste or aroma of mint.
*Example:* Mint chocolate chip ice cream or a minty-fresh drink.
Moist: Slightly wet or damp, often used to describe well-cooked and tender foods.

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*Example:* A moist chocolate cake or a juicy grilled chicken.
Moldy: Having a taste or smell of mold, indicating spoilage.
*Example:* Moldy bread or cheese that has gone bad.
Malty: Having a flavor reminiscent of malt, which is a germinated cereal grain, usually barley,
used in the production of beer and malted beverages.
*Example:* Malty chocolate or a malty beer.
Peppery: Having a spicy and pungent taste reminiscent of black pepper.
*Example:* Peppery arugula or a steak with a peppercorn crust.
Pickled: Preserved in a solution of vinegar, salt, and spices, resulting in a tangy flavor.
*Example:* Pickled cucumbers (pickles) or pickled onions.
Plain: Lacking strong or distinctive flavors.
*Example:* Plain rice or plain yogurt.
Rotten: Having a decayed or spoiled taste, typically due to the breakdown of organic matter.
*Example:* Rotten eggs or spoiled fruit.
Rancid: Having a stale or unpleasant taste due to spoilage of fats or oils.
*Example:* Rancid nuts or spoiled cooking oil.
Raw: Not cooked or processed, often associated with a natural and unaltered taste.
*Example:* Raw vegetables or sushi with raw fish.
Refreshing: Having a revitalizing and invigorating taste.
*Example:* A refreshing glass of iced tea or a citrusy sorbet.
Roasted: Cooked by dry heat, often resulting in a browned and flavorful exterior.
*Example:* Roasted coffee beans or a roasted chicken.
Rubbery: Having a chewy and elastic texture.
*Example:* Overcooked pasta or rubbery scrambled eggs.
Salty: Having a taste of salt, often used to enhance flavors.
*Example:* Salted popcorn or salty pretzels.
Savoury: Having a rich and full-bodied taste, often associated with umami.
*Example:* Savory stews or dishes with a meaty broth.
Sharp: Having a strong and intense taste or flavor.
*Example:* Sharp cheddar cheese or a sharp mustard.
Smokey: Having a taste or aroma of smoke, often achieved through smoking or grilling.
*Example:* Smoked salmon or barbecue with a smokey flavor.
Sour: Having a tangy and tart taste.
*Example:* Sour candies or a sourdough bread.
Spicy: Having a strong and pungent taste of spices, often associated with heat.

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*Example:* Spicy curry or hot salsa.
Stale: Having lost freshness, often used to describe dry or old foods.
*Example:* Stale crackers or stale bread.
Strong: Having a powerful and intense flavor.
*Example:* Strong coffee or a strong cheese.
Sugary: Sweetened with sugar, having a sweet taste.
*Example:* Sugary cereal or a sugary dessert.
Sweet: Having a taste that is sugary and not bitter or sour.
*Example:* Sweet fruits like strawberries or a sweet dessert.
Seasoned: Having been flavored or treated with a combination of spices, herbs, or other flavor-
enhancing ingredients.
*Example:* Seasoned chicken with a mix of herbs and spices or seasoned vegetables with olive oil
and salt.
Tinned: Referring to food that has been preserved and packaged in a can or tin.
*Example:* Tinned tomatoes or tinned beans.
Frozen: Food that has been subjected to freezing temperatures to preserve freshness.
*Example:* Frozen peas or frozen pizza.
Low-fat: Describing food that contains a reduced amount of fat compared to its regular
counterpart. *Example:* Low-fat yogurt or low-fat salad dressing.

4. Phrasal verbs related to cooking:

Bring out:To make a particular quality or flavor more noticeable.
Example: Adding herbs can bring out the natural flavors of the dish.
Chop up: To cut food into small pieces.
Example: Chop up the vegetables before adding them to the stir-fry.
Cool down: To allow something to reach a lower temperature.
Example: Let the cookies cool down before serving.
Cut down on: To reduce the quantity of something.
Example: The doctor advised her to cut down on sugar in her diet.
Dish out: To serve food onto plates.
Example: She dished out the pasta and sauce onto each plate.
Eat out: To have a meal at a restaurant instead of at home.
Example: Let's eat out tonight and try that new sushi place.
Fill up: To eat until one is full.
Example: The hearty soup will fill you up in no time.
Heat up: To make something hot, often by reheating.
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Example: Heat up the leftovers in the microwave for a quick meal.
Mix in: To combine ingredients by stirring.
Example: Mix in the spices slowly to evenly flavor the sauce.
Pass around: To distribute food to others at the table.
Example: After cooking, pass around the platter of roasted vegetables.
Pour over: To cover or saturate food with a liquid, often a sauce or dressing.
Example: Pour the chocolate sauce over the ice cream for a delicious dessert.
Sprinkle on: To scatter small particles of something over food.
Example: Sprinkle on some chopped nuts to add crunch to the salad.
Stir up: To mix ingredients by stirring in a circular motion.
Example: Stir up the pancake batter until it's smooth.
Takeout/Takeaway : To buy food from a restaurant and bring it home or to another location.
Example: We got Chinese takeaway/takeout food for dinner.
Turn off: To stop the heat source or appliance.
Example: Turn off the oven once the casserole is fully baked.
Whip up: To quickly and easily prepare a meal or dish.
Example: She can whip up a delicious pasta dish in under 20 minutes.

II. PRONOUNCIATION: Short and long vowel sounds

ɪ:
**Bit:** /bɪt/**Sit:** /sɪt/**Lid:** /lɪd/**Hill:** /hɪl/**Fit:** /fɪt/**Ship:** /ʃɪp/**Big:** /bɪɡ/
**Trim:** /trɪm/**Mix:** /mɪks/**Kiss:** /kɪs/**Glimpse:** /ɡlɪmps/**Lift:** /lɪft/**Spin:**
/spɪn/**Whip:** /wɪp/**Rinse:** /rɪns/.
ɪː :
**Fleece:** /fliːs/**Creep:** /kriːp/**Seize:** /siːz/**Beach:** /biːʧ/**Feet:** /fiːt/**Sheep:**
/ʃiːp/**Believe:** /bɪˈliːv/**Meet:** /miːt/**Theme:** /θiːm/**See:** /siː/.
Æ:
**Cat:** /kæt/**Bat:** /bæt/**Rat:** /ræt/**Man:** /mæn/**Can:** /kæn/**Back:**
/bæk/**Black:** /blæk/**Stand:** /stænd/**Bad:** /bæd/**Bag:** /bæɡ/.
ɑː :
**Car:** /kɑːr/**Barn:** /bɑːrn/**Heart:** /hɑːrt/**Far:** /fɑːr/**Start:** /stɑːrt/**Large:**
/lɑːrdʒ/**Guard:** /ɡɑːrd/**Bath:** /bɑːθ/
**Palm:** /pɑːm/**Laugh:** /lɑːf/

ɒ:

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**lot (/lɒt/)**hot (/hɒt/)**cot (/kɒt/)**not (/nɒt/)**fog (/fɒɡ/)**jog (/dʒɒɡ/)**on (/ɒn/)**swan
(/swɒn/)**wasp (/wɒsp/)**strong (/strɒŋ/)
ɔː :
**thought (/θɔːt/)**caught (/kɔːt/)**bought (/bɔːt/)**draw (/drɔː/)**law (/lɔː/)**saw (/sɔː/)**cause
(/kɔːz/)**sore (/sɔːr/)**more (/mɔːr/)**door (/dɔːr/).
ʊ:
**put (/pʊt/)**could (/kʊd/)**book (/bʊk/)**good (/ɡʊd/)**foot (/fʊt/)**look (/lʊk/)**push
(/pʊʃ/)**should (/ʃʊd/)**full (/fʊl/)**hood (/hʊd/).
uː :
**goose (/ɡuːs/)**food (/fuːd/)**moon (/muːn/)**blue (/bluː/)**suit (/suːt/)**rude (/ruːd/)**group
(/ɡruːp/)**fruit (/fruːt/)**school (/skuːl/)**mood (/muːd/).

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