CO3053 – Embedded Systems

4. State Machine & Flow-Chart

CO3053 – Lecture Notes 2

Contents
▪ State machine/chart/diagram to describe an embedded system

▪ Present algorithms by flow-chart

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CO3053 – Lecture Notes 3

State Machine Diagram

▪ A state machine is any device that stores the status of something at
a given time and can operate on input to change the status and/or
cause an action or output to take place for any given change.

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CO3053 – Lecture Notes 4

System Description by State Machine

▪ State
▫ Present state
▫ Next state Moore

▪ Input
▫ Transition condition
▫ Event
Mealy
▪ Output
▫ Functions of the present states (inputs)
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CO3053 – Lecture Notes 5

System Description by State Machine

▪ State
▫ Present state
▫ Next state Moore

▪ Input
▫ Transition condition
▫ Event
Mealy
▪ Output
▫ Functions of the present states (inputs)
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CO3053 – Lecture Notes 6

State Machine – Example

▪ Music Player stop button

▫ stop button
▫ start/pause
stop button

STOP
reset
▪ State determination
▫ STOP PAUSE
start/pause
▫ RUN
start/pause
▫ PAUSE stop button

▪ Transition condition RUN

start/pause

▫ Button click
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CO3053 – Lecture Notes 7

State Machine – Example

▪ Garage Door Control
▫ Remote control
▫ Door Actuators

▪ State determination
▫ Opened
▫ Opening
▫ Closed
▫ Closing

▪ Transition condition
▫ Button click
▫ Sensor event
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CO3053 – Lecture Notes 8

State Machine – Exercise (Traffic Light 1)

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CO3053 – Lecture Notes 9

State Machine – Exercise (Traffic Light 2)

YELLOW

GREEN
RED
GREEN
N
YELLOW LGREEN

LGREEN
LRED

E
RED LRED

LGREEN
W

LRED
LRED RED

LGREEN YELLOW

S GREEN

GREEN

YELLOW

RED
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CO3053 – Lecture Notes 10

Flow-chart
▪ To represent an algorithm for a specific function. Data
▫ Use a rectangle for a process
▫ Use a rounded rectangle for a terminator (START, END)
▫ Use a diamond shape for a decision
▫ Use a parallelogram for data
▫ Use a rectangle with two vertical lines for predefine process Data

Process
START

NO
Predefine If
process
YES
END
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CO3053 – Lecture Notes 11

Flow-chart - Example START

temp = ADC_Read (Temp_Sensor) Đọc giá trị cảm biến

B ật đ èn m àu đ ỏ
YES
Temp > 50? Turn_On (Red_Led)
“Tại một thời điểm chỉ có duyRed_Led
nhất một đèn
Temp_Sensor sáng, nghĩa là nếu một đèn được bật thì 2 đèn NO B ật đ èn m àu vàng
ADC còn lại
MCUsẽ tắt.” Yellow_Led
YES
Green_BLue Temp > 28? Turn_On (Yellow_Led)

NO B ật đ èn m àu xanh

Turn_On (Green_Led)

END

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CO3053 – Lecture Notes 12

State Machine and Flow-Chart

START
Start T3 T3
RED_ON Đọc giá trị cảm biến
temp = ADC_Read (Temp_Sensor)

B ật đ èn m àu đ ỏ
T1 YES
GREEN_ON Temp > 50? Turn_On (Red_Led)
T1 T3
“Tại
T2một thời điểm chỉ có duy nhất một đèn
sáng, nghĩa là nếu một đèn được bật thì 2 đèn NO B ật đ èn m àu vàng
còn lại sẽ tắt.”
T1 YES
Temp > 28? Turn_On (Yellow_Led)

YELLOW_ON NO B ật đ èn m àu xanh
T2
Turn_On (Green_Led)
Transition conditions T2
▪ T1: Temp <= 28
END
▪ T2: 28 < Temp <= 50
▪ T3: Temp > 50
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CO3053 – Lecture Notes 13

Flow-chart - Exercise
▪ Represent the system described by the state machine in forms of flow-chart
stop button

stop button

STOP
reset

PAUSE
start/pause
start/pause
stop button

start/pause
RUN

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CO3053 – Lecture Notes 14

Exercise
▪ Let’s design and implement the control unit of a washing machine that is
described as follows:
▫ The machine can be controlled by three buttons (STOP, RUN, PAUSE).
▫ The washing machine is only able to execute after at least 50-cents is added.
▫ The machine only accepts 10-cent, 20-cent, 50-cent coins.
▫ When there is enough money, the machine will execute if the RUN button is pressed.
Then, the money will be clear without returning the redundancies (if any).
▫ When the machine is running, it will be paused as the PAUSE button is pressed. The
machine will re-execute when the RUN button is pressed again.
▫ The executing machine will be automatically terminated after 30 minutes or when the
STOP button is pressed.

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