PR1 Chapter 1 Format

The Motivation Among College Students in PSU Lingayen Who
Do Stress Eating
Borromeo, J., Flores R.A., Jacob, J., and Montenegro D.L

Accountancy, Business, and Management C
Pangasinan State University Senior High School Lingayen
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Poverty is still the major development problem in the Philippines and has been largely a
rural phenomenon (World Bank, 1996). Padilla (2011) noted that there is a stagnation of poverty
from the past decade (2000-2009) up until today thus, levels of poverty over time have not changed
and still a major problem in economic development. Development in the country, according to the
1996 Strategy to Fight Poverty in the Philippines by World Bank, requires greater opportunities
provided by higher overall economic growth, combined with increased emphasis on human capital
development and improvements on agriculture (World Bank, 1996).
Former presidents Gloria Arroyo and Benigno Aquino III implemented a conditional cash
transfer program called the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) that sought to reduce
poverty in the Philippines (Padilla, 2011). Padilla (2011) further stated that conditional cash transfer
program is deemed by most policy makers and economists as a welcome tool for poverty
alleviation. 4Ps is consistent with human capital development because it eases access to primary
education in rural areas and strengthens primary health services (World Bank, 1996). In 2012, there
are already 2.3 million households in 80 provinces who are enrolled in the program (Reyes &
Tabuga, 2012).
Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program was piloted in 2008. With its expansion in 2010, the
sources of fund for this program came primarily from the World Bank, some percentage from the
other multilateral agencies such as Asian Development Bank, and from the General Appropriations
(Padilla ,2011). Reyes & Tabuga (2011) said that the expansion of the program since 2008
necessitated the government to secure loans from the World Bank and the Asian Development
Bank amounting to a total of $805 million to finance the program.
In early 2012, there were 2.3 million beneficiaries of the program and it doubled by August
2015. As of August 2015, there are 4,353,597 active household-beneficiaries, of which 570,056
are indigenous households and 217,359 have at least one PWD. The program also covers
10,235,658 schoolchildren aged 0 to 18, from the total registered with an average of two to three
children per household. (Official Gazette Republic of the Philippines, 2015). Reyes et. al. (2015)
added that 8 out of 10 4Ps beneficiaries are from the rural areas which are considered mostly
agricultural.
1
Agriculture has been the major industry in the Philippines and a large portion of the rural
poor depends on such for livelihood (Escolano & Tangonan, 2002). Primarily, as elaborated by
Escolano & Tangonan (2002), the Philippine agriculture consisted of rice, corn, coconut, sugar,
banana, livestock, poultry, other crops and fishery production activities. According to Briones (2013)
expenditures on agriculture have been rising over time, as expression of the state's commitment to
reduce poverty. Moreover, the Department of Agriculture and its attached agencies have in recent
years experienced a dramatic increase in public funding, growing by four-fold over the past seven
years (2005–2012) (Briones, 2013).
However, agriculture continues to exhibit disappointing performance, namely laggard

growth, lack of diversification and competitiveness, tepid productivity growth, and persistent poverty
among farmers (Briones, 2013). “The rural sector in the country seems to be often left behind during
periods when the country would experience modest growth and is also often hardest hit during
periods of crisis; seventy percent of the poor still live in the rural areas and most of them are
dependent on agriculture and agriculture-related industries for their jobs and incomes (Senate
Economic Planning Office, 2009).”
Reyes et al. (2012) reported that agriculture-related occupations have always been
associated with being income poor. In 2009, the poverty incidence among households headed by
farmers, forestry workers and fishermen are 46.2 percent. Recently, in an article from the Philippine
Daily Inquirer during the 2015 Conference of Inclusive Business Growth, Mr. Rolando Dy, executive
director of University of Asia and the Pacific Center for Food and Agribusiness, said, “Improving
farm productivity will uplift the agricultural value from farm to plate,” (Gonzales, 2015).
The aim of this study is to assess the development of the Philippines in accordance with
the Strategy to Fight Poverty prescribed by the World Bank for the past decade (2008-2015). This
was empirically tested by correlating the level of poverty in the Philippines (a) with the aftermath of
implementing Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) which has the purposes of directly
targeting the rural poor, (b) with the stagnant productivity level of agricultural sector despite the
government’s increasing subsidy for agriculture, and (c) with the combined effect of 4Ps and
agricultural productivity.
2
RESEARCH PROBLEM
What is the motivation among students who do stress-eating?
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
1. To determine the age and gender of the students who do stress eating.
2. To determine the bad situations that trigger students to do stress eating.
3. To describe the study habits of students who do stress eating.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study could be the basis for assessing the effectiveness of the 4Ps in targeting the
rural poor vis-à-vis stagnant productivity of the agriculture sector, a salient source of income and
jobs among the poor population. This would be an eye-opener for the Philippine legislature and
executive to review the programs in agriculture sector to raise productivity and provide
comprehensive policies that would work hand in hand with the 4Ps in directly targeting the rural
poor in the country.
SCOPE AND LIMITATION
The locale of this study will be at the Lingayen Campus of Pangasinan State University.
This is due to the proximity of the residence of the researchers. Further, the locale identified is
strategic in terms of the target respondents specifically, college students.
The respondents in this study will be the chicken and pork meat vendors with a permanent
stall in the said locale. This is to ensure the permanence of the vendor in his/her specific post in
the market. The age and sex of the respondents will be ignored.
This study will be gathering data through individual interviews in the said locale. The
researchers will be recording the entire interview and will then transcribe such.
This study is expected to be finished on the second week of December.

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The Motivation Among College Students in PSU Lingayen Who

Borromeo, J., Flores R.A., Jacob, J., and Montenegro D.L

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

However, agriculture continues to exhibit disappointing performance, namely laggard

What is the motivation among students who do stress-eating?

2. To determine the bad situations that trigger students to do stress eating.

3. To describe the study habits of students who do stress eating.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

SCOPE AND LIMITATION

This study is expected to be finished on the second week of December.

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