Mpi Unit 1

GYANMANJARI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Bachelor of Engineering | Semester : 6 | Computer Engineering
Microprocessor and
Interfacing
Course Code : 3160712
Prof. Mayank K. Champaneri

Computer Engineering Department
SYLLABUS
UNIT TITLE % WEIGHTAGE

1 Introduction to Microprocessor 8%
2 Microprocessor Architecture and Operations 7%
3 8085 Microprocessor 12%
4 Assembly Language Basics 13%
5 8085 Assembly Language Programs 12%
6 Stack and Subroutines 13%
7 I/O Interfacing 20%
8 Advanced Microprocessor 15%

UNIT : 1
Introduction to Microprocessor
Looping 4
 Topics to be covered
 What is a Microprocessor?
 Basic concepts of Microprocessor
 Microprocessor vs Microcontroller
 System Bus
 Microprocessor systems with bus organization
5
Topic : 1
What is a Microprocessor?
6
Definition of
Microprocessor
The microprocessor is a multipurpose,
programmable, clock driven, register based,
digital-integrated circuit which accepts binary data
as input, processes it according to instructions stored
in its memory, and provides results as output.”
7
Topic : 2
Basic concepts of
Microprocessor
Basic Concepts of Microprocessor 8
 Microprocessor is a computer Central Processing Unit (CPU) on a single

chip that contains millions of transistors connected by wires.
Processor No. of Transistors

Intel 8085 6500
Pentium IV 42 million
Core i3 1.4 Billion
Core i7 1.7 Billion
Silicon chip which includes
Microprocessor ALU, Register circuits &
Control circuits
Components of Microprocessor
Small additional
• Brain of the Arithmetic memory
computer. and
• Performs
Register location, which
Logical are used to store
Arithmetic and Unit Array
and transfer
Logical (ALU) data.
operations
Control Unit
• It controls and executes the flow of data between

the microprocessor, memory and peripherals.
• Signal permits the CPU to receive or transmit data.
Silicon chip which includes

Microcontroller microprocessor, memory &
I/O in a single package.
12
Topic : 3
Microprocessor vs
Microcontroller
Microprocessor vs Microcontroller 13
Microprocessor Microcontroller
It is vital part of computer system. It is vital part of embedded system.

It contain CPU inside it but does not It has CPU, fixed size of RAM, ROM and
contain on chip RAM, ROM and other peripherals mounted on a single chip.
peripherals.
It is multipurpose device which It is designed for specific task with fixed
performs several tasks. input, processing and output.
E.g. Software development, word E.g. Operating a washing machine,
processing, playing games, surfing handling mouse click event etc.
etc.
It operates at high speed compared to It operates at comparatively lower
microcontroller. speed than microprocessor.
E.g. Clock speed of latest E.g. Clock speed is measured in MHz.
microprocessor is measured in GHz.
Application: Application:
Desktop PC’s, Laptops, notepads etc. Microwave oven, washing machine,
remote control, Mouse etc.
A small computer with a

Microcomputer microprocessor as its CPU.
Includes memory, I/O etc.
Microcomputer
RAM
Micro
Keyboard ROM Display
processor
I/O
17
Topic : 4
System Bus
System Bus 18
 The network of wires or electronic pathways is known as 'Bus’.
 The technique was developed to reduce costs and improve modularity.
 Classification
1. Address Bus - Transfer Address

2. Data Bus - Transfer Data
3. Control Bus - Transfer Control Signal
System Bus 19
System Bus 20
CPU Memory Input/Output
Control Bus
Address Bus
Data Bus
System Bus
System Bus 21
Address Bus
 Transfers the addresses of Memory

or I/O devices.
 Address bus is unidirectional.
 The maximum address capacity is
equal to two to the power of the
number of lines present (2lines).
E.g. 8085 has 16-address lines
 Maximum address capacity
216 = 65536 byte
System Bus 22
Data Bus
 It is used to transfer data within

Microprocessor and Memory/IO
devices.
 Data Bus is bidirectional as
Microprocessor requires to send
and receive data.
 Each wire of data bus is used to
transfer the data corresponding to a
single bit of binary data.
 E.g. 8085 has 8 - data lines
 8085 is known as 8-bit processor
System Bus 23
Control Bus
 Microprocessor uses control bus to

process data.
 i.e. what to do with the
selected memory location.
 Some control signals are Read,
Write and Opcode fetch etc.
 Control Bus is bidirectional.
 This is a dedicated bus, because all
timing signals are generated
according to control signal.
24
Topic : 5
Microprocessor Systems
with Bus Organization
Microprocessor Systems with Bus Organization
25
Input/Output
Arithmeti
c and
Register
Logical System Bus
Array
Unit
(ALU)
Control Unit Memory

ROM RAM
Microprocessor Systems with Bus Organization
26
 In most simplified form a microprocessor based system consist of a

Microprocessor, I/O (Input/Output) device and Memory.
 These components are interfaced (connected) with microprocessor
over a common communication path called system bus.
 Microprocessor is master of the system and responsible for executing
the program.
 Memory is responsible for storing program as well as data.
 System generally consists of two types of memories:
ROM (Read only and non-volatile) and
RAM (Read/write and volatile)
 I/O devices are used to communicate with the outer environment.
 Example of input device: keyboard, mouse.
Example of output device: monitor, printer.
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GYANMANJARI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Bachelor of Engineering | Semester : 6 | Computer Engineering

Prof. Mayank K. Champaneri

UNIT TITLE % WEIGHTAGE

2 Microprocessor Architecture and Operations 7%

3 8085 Microprocessor 12%

4 Assembly Language Basics 13%

5 8085 Assembly Language Programs 12%

6 Stack and Subroutines 13%

7 I/O Interfacing 20%

8 Advanced Microprocessor 15%

 Microprocessor is a computer Central Processing Unit (CPU) on a single

Processor No. of Transistors

• It controls and executes the flow of data between

Silicon chip which includes

It is vital part of computer system. It is vital part of embedded system.

A small computer with a

 The network of wires or electronic pathways is known as 'Bus’.

 The technique was developed to reduce costs and improve modularity.

1. Address Bus - Transfer Address

CPU Memory Input/Output

 Transfers the addresses of Memory

 It is used to transfer data within

 Microprocessor uses control bus to

Control Unit Memory

 In most simplified form a microprocessor based system consist of a

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