Udemy+Konu+Konu+soru+bankası+18 01 23

İÇİNDEKİLER
CHAPTER 1 – GRAMMER
TENSES……………………………………………………………………………………1
MODAL VERBS………………………………………………………………………….7
PASSIVE & CAUSATIVE…………………………………………………………….11
CONDITIONALS………………………………………………………………………15
ADJECTIVE CLAUSE…………………………………………………………………19
NOUN CLAUSE………………………………………………………………………..23
GERUND & INFINITIVE…………………………………………………………...27
CONJUNCTIONS……………………………………………………………………..31
PREPOSITIONS……………………………………………………………………...37
CHAPTER 2 – QUESTION TYPES

VOCABULARY………………………………………………………………………..41
CLOZE TEST………………………………………………………………………….45
SENTENCE COMPLETION…………………………………………………….….51
TRANSLATION……………………………………………………………………..57
READING COMPREHENSION………………………………………………….67
PARAGRAPH COMPLETION……………………………………………………79
RESTATEMENT………………………………………………………………….…89
DIALOGUE COMPLETION……………………………………………………...98
IRRELEVANT SENTENCE………………………………………………………107
5. Although some terrorists ---- from jail
TEST two weeks ago nothing bad ---- recently.
1 TENSES
A) escaped / has happened
B) have escaped / happened
C) escaped / had happened
1.Goats ---- an important role in supplying
D) had escaped / happened
human needs since prehistoric times, and
E) escaped / would happened
still do so in certain areas.
A) played B) are playing
C) were playing D) have played
D) used to play
6. Susan ---- very excited because,
although she ---- in her village before, she
---- there for 10 years.
2. According to the theory of general
relativity, when an object ----, its A) was / had been / Wouldn't have been
configuration of is gravitational field ----, B) would be / had been /wouldn’t be
too. C) is / was / wasn’t
D) is / has been / hasn't been
A) changed / changes
E) is / has been / wasn’t
B) has changed / changed
www.evdeningilizce.com.tr
C) changes / has changed

D) changes / changes
E) had changed / changed
7. Once that island ---- all the world to me.

But I ---- a lot about geography since.
A) was being / learned

3. While the statement ---- many of
B) was / learned
Turkey’s friends in Brussels, it doesn’t
C) had being / have learned
mean the government ---- its black to
D) was / have learned
Europe.
E) has been / have learned
A) was concerning / turns
B) is concerning / turned
C) has been concerning / turned
D) had concerned / was turned
E) concerns / is turning
8. It ---- until the nineteenth century that
scientists ---- to realize the true
significance of cells.
A) is not / came
B) was not / came
4. The most exciting part of the match was
C) hasn't been / had come
when Pele ---- the pass and ---- the ball
D) was not / have come
from rival footballers and ---- the goal.
E) wouldn’t be / come
A) received / kept / scored
B) had received / had kept / scored
C) received / kept / has scored
D) received / has kept / has scored
E) has received / ha kept / scored
1
9. Because he ---- no diploma from high 13. Just as I ---- out of the bus, the
school, he ---- take an entrance driver ---- to go and I ---- down.
examination.
A) got / started / was falling
A) had / had to B) would get / had started / had fallen
B) would have / has had to C) was getting / started / fell
C) is having / has to D) had gotten / has started / fell
D) has/had had to E) had been getting / had started / fell
E) had had / will have to
14. My mother ---- into the kitchen

for the preparation, meanwhile we -
--- some fuel for the picnic.
10. Einstein ---- that the mass of a body -
--- relative to its velocity. A) had gone / have bought
B) has gone / bought
A) found / has been
C) went / bought
B) finds/ is
D) went / had bought
C) found /was
E) was going / would have bought
D) found/will be
E) has found / had been
15. You can find many books with

the similar topics but I can say that
11. Although spectroscopy ---- for this book is the most hilarious book
chemical analysis since 1859, no one ---- l ---- of that period.
able to explain the existence of the
A) read B) had read
discrete lines in spectra.
C) would read D) will read
A) was used / had been E) have read
B) is begin used / was
C) is used / is
D) had been used / will be
E) has been used / has been
16. This is the first time he --- his
school since he ---- from it last year.
A) had visited / graduated
B) visited / had graduated
C) is visiting / has graduated
12. By the end of this month he ---- in the D) has visited / graduated
army for two years. E) was visiting / had graduated
A) will be B) is
C) is going to be D) will have been
E) would be
1.D 2.D 3.E 4.A 5.A 6.D 7.D 8.B

9.A 10.C 11.E 12.D 13.C 14.C 15.E 16.D
2
5. Char Romanov ---- to release from
TEST the throne after he ---- that the armies -
2 TENSES
--- in the war.
A) had been decided / heard / were beaten
B) had decided / heard / were beaten
1. It is nearly midnight, and by the time
C) has decided / has heard / were beaten
they ---- here we ----.
D) decided / heard / had been beaten
A) arrived / had been sleeping E) has decided / has heard / are beaten
B) had arrived / would be sleeping
C) would arrive / will be sleeping
D) have arrived / will have been sleeping
E) arrive / will have slept
6. I ---- never --- a hippopotamus
when I first ---- one in Kenya.
A) have / seen / will see
B) have / seen / see
2. Although I ---- him since my childhood, l C) had / seen / saw
feel great intimacy for him and I feel as if I D) - / saw / had seen
---- him only a few days ago. E) had / seen / had seen
A) didn’t see / saw

B) haven’t seen / had seen

C) hadn’t seen / saw
D) didn’t see / would see 7. After hearing the news, she ---- and
E) haven’t seen / have seen ---- her head on the edge of the table.
A) had fainted / hit
B) fainted / hit
C) has fainted / has hit
D) was fainting / hit
3. Mercury ---- by the ancient astronomers E) would faint / had hit
under the name of Lucifer when it ---- in
the mornings as Hermes when it was seen
in the evenings.
A) had been known / had appeared
B) knew / was appeared
C) has been known / has appeared
D) had known / had been appeared 8. By the time electrons ---- the new
E) was known / appeared president ---- for 5 years.
A) are held / will have been governing
B) will have been held / will govern
C) are going to hold / will be governing
4. According to the last researches a fat D) are going to be held / will be governing
tissue ---- to produce an immune response E) will be held / is going to govern
in then body which ---- inflammation.
A) found / has caused
B) was found / would cause
C) has found / will cause
D) is found / had caused
E) has been found / causes
3
9. By the end of that year we ---- the 13. The two bridges over the Bosphorus ---
importance of friendship. - to improve the traffic in lstanbul since
they were built.
A) have learned
B) had learned A) has helped B) had helped
C) will have learned C) is helping D) are helping
D) would be learning E) have helped
E) will have been learning
10. As the sun's first rays of

thermonuclear light ---- across the galaxy
4.5 billion years ago, the earth ---- from a
spinning, turbulent cloud of gas, dust and 14. So far I --- half of the project but I ----
planetoids that surrounded the new star. completely by next Monday.
A) had blazed / emerged A) have written / will have finished

B) blazed / had emerged B) wrote / will finish
C) blazed / emerged C) had written / will be finishing
D) has blazed I has emerged D) wrote / will have finished
E) was blazed / emerged E) have written / will be finished
11. By 1980 most scientists ---- that the

big bang theory-which holds that the
universe ---- from one vast explosion and
subsequent expansion-was the most likely 15 . In my 30 years as a psychologist and
explanation for the origin of the universe. educator, I --- to help parents understand
that effective discipline teaches a child
A) believing / created
why a behaviour ---- wrong and how to
B) believe / was created
correct it.
C) had believed / created
D) believed / created A) have tried / is B) am trying / was
E) believed / was created C) had tried / was D) tried / has been
E) have tried / are
12. The Maya civilization ---- for 2700

years when first ---- by the Spanish in the
17th century, but its greatest building
periods fall within the 4th to the 11th 16. Although he ---- in Germany for more
century. than 10 years, his German ---- still poor.
A) has existed / was confronted
A) is / is B) has been / was
B) existed / have been confronted C) is / has been D) is being / is
E) has been / is
C) had existed / confronted
D) had existed / is confronted
E) has existed / had been confronted
1.E 2.B 3.E 4.E 5.D 6.C 7.B 8.A
9.B 10.C 11.E 12.C 13.E 14.A 15.A 16.E
4
5. The application of the word
TEST ‘Romantic’ ---- great changes over
3 TENSES
the last two centuries.
A) underwent
B) undergoes
1. In 1832, Owen ---- to India and ---- to
C) have undergone
the Parliament as a Democrat.
D) has undergone
A) has returned / was elected E) would have undergone
B) returned / has elected
C) had returned / elected
D) returned / was elected
E) was going go to return / will be elected
6. The tenth child of elderly
parents, who ---- him their
favorite, but could not protect him
from the jealousy of his siblings or
the dislike of servants, Joseph at
2. An arms factory ---- in Oviedo in the the age of 8 ---- his much - loved
18th century , and cool mining ---- in the father.
19th century.
A) had made / have lost
A) had been established / has begun B) had made / lost
B) has been established / began C) would have made / lost

C) was established / began D) have made / would lose
D) was established / had begun E) make / loses
E) established / was begun
3. The theoretical background of the 7. My uncle ---- from his job after
computer ---- at the beginning of the 20th he ---- 40 years for a
century. transportation company.
A) is being developed A) retired / has worked
B) had been developed B) was retiring / worked
C) was developed C) retired / had worked
D) is developed D) has retired / has worked
E) has been developed E) had retired / would work
4. After the storm ----, dust ---- 8. I ---- the kitchen before my
everywhere. mother ---- it.
A) passes / would have left A) have cleaned / realizes
B) passed / had left B) was cleaning / have realized
C) passed / was left C) was cleaning / had realized
D) will pass / will leave D) have cleaned / will realize
E) would pass / was left E) had cleaned / realized
5
9. When we ---- watching this film, we ---- 13.The robbers ---- with each other
it for 3 hours. when the police ---- at the jewelry
shop.
A) will finish / will be watching
B) finish / will be watching A) were fighting / arrived
C) finish / will have been watching B) fought / had arrived
D) finished / would watch C) had been fought / arrived
E) are finishing / will be watching D) have been fighting / would arrive
E) were fighting / had arrived
10. By the year 2053 Istanbul ---- under

14. We ---- eating our supper until
the control of Turks for 600 years.
every guest ---- our home.
A) has been B) is going to be
A) didn‘t start / would arrive
C) will have been D) will be
B) haven’t started / arrives
E) had been
C) didn't start/ arrived
D) don't start / will arrive
E) wouldn’t start / arrived
11. They ---- for an hour when the police

----- home right after the neighbors’ call.
15. Doctors ---- any explanation
A) were fighting / had come
until the patient ----
B) have been fighting / comes
C) fought / had come A) haven’t made / died
D) had been fighting / came B) didn’t make / died
E) fought / came C) hadn't been made / died
D) wouldn't make / had died
E) don’t make/will die
12. Since I ---- very much this week, I ----

a rest all day tomorrow.
16. Adults ---- stories to children
A) worked / am having since prehistoric times, but
B) have worked / have had children’s literature written in
C) worked / will have had English first ---- during the A.D.
D) had worked / had 600's.
E) have worked / will be having
A) told / had appeared
B) have told / had appeared
C) have told / appeared
D) had told / appeared
E) told / have appeared
1.D 2.C 3.C 4.C 5.D 6.B 7.C 8.E

9.C 10.C 11.D 12.E 13.A 14.C 15.B 16.C
6
5. Something ---- wrong otherwise he
TEST would be there for the meeting on time.
1 MODAL VERBS
A) should have gone B) used to go
C) had to go D) might go
E) must have gone
1. In the 1920s, the Soviet scientist
Alexander Oparin and the British scientist
J.B.S. Haldane independently developed
the first extensive hypothesis about how
life ----.
6. From a distance you ---- a wolf from a
A) had better originate dog since wolves look very much like
B) may have originated some dogs, such as German shepherds.
C) would originate
A) couldn’t have been distinguished
D) needn’t have originated
B) might not be able to distinguish
E) shouldn’t originate
C) would not be distinguished
D) had better not distinguish
E) shouldn‘t have distinguished
2. Many words have more than one
meaning so when you use the dictionary
to discover the meaning of an unfamiliar
word, you ---- the context to determine
which definition is appropriate.

7. Everyone who wants to know a foreign
language ---- words; even if you are good
A) didn't need to use in a language, sometimes you come
B) need to use across new words, and the words you use
C) would rather have used seldom ---- as well.
D) were able to use
A) had to learn / may be forgotten
E) might be used
B) may have learned / could be forgotten
C) has to learn / can be forgotten
D) had better learn / would have forgotten
3. Students ---- all the required tasks
E) are able to learn / might have been
without having any knowledge of formal
forgotten
grammar in the exam last week.
A) being able to perform
B) should perform
C) could be performed
D) are able to perform 8. Writing effectively means that the
E) were able to perform reader ---- the meaning from the page
without fuss, because you’ve linked up
your sentences in a fluent, natural way.
4. Gary --- understand the meaning of a
A) was able to get
word he had never seen before by using a
B) could have got
helpful clue in the text.
C) is able to get
A) was able to B) must D) might have got
C) would D) can E) would have got
E) had better
7
9. In order to write a good mystery 13. Applicants for most positions --
story today, an author ---- clues, both -- written examinations and, if the
for the characters in the story and for job ---- a specific skill such as
the reader. typing, a practical examination as
well.
A) could have provided
B) would provide A) are taken / required
C) was able to provide B) should take / doesn't have to
D) must provide require
E) used to provide C) would be taken / was required
D) may take / will be required
E) must take / requires
10. It is believed that certain furry 14. Many abusive teenagers ---- as
animals ---- dinosaur eggs millions of malicious guys who give harm to
years ago and this is one reason there their environment, because this is
aren’t any dinosaurs anymore. a matter of culture not personality.
A) may have eaten B) might eat A) can see
C) should have eaten D) had to eat B) shouldn’t have seen
E) had better eat C) must be seen
D) should not be seen
E) don't need to be seen
11. Modest Proposal, a pamphlet by 15. Doctors say that he ---- make
Jonathan Swift, ironically proposes that an expedition in order to forget his
Ireland’s overpopulation and poverty -- negative memories, but at first,
-- by having the poor --- their children someone ---- tell him that he is not
to be eaten by the rich. the only person who has lost a
relative in accident.
A) may be cured / sold
B) should be cured / to sell A) must / is able to
C) can be cured / sell B) has to / had to
D) has to be cured / have sold C) needs to / should
E) could cure / sell D) can / used to
E) may / would prefer to
16. You ---- him that you were

broke and in need of money.
12. In some cases, the skin ---- Because he has many debts, too.
carefully removed to prevent damage it
A) didn't use to tell
the tissue ----.
B) couldn’t have told
A) would be / is hardened C) needn’t have told
B) could be / has been hardened D) had to tell
C) ought be / is hardened E) didn't have to tell
D) ought to be / were hardened
E) must have been / have been hardened
1.B 2.B 3.E 4.A 5.E 6.B 7.C 8.C
9.D 10.A 11.C 12.C 13.E 14.D 15.C 16.C
8
5. I don’t know exactly what her
TEST problem is; the only thing l know is
2 MODAL VERBS
that she ---- immediately see the
doctor.
A) would B) have to
1. Hitler ---- the Middle East if he hadn’t
C) should D) might
attacked the Soviet Union, which had
E) will
actually no intention of declaring war on
Germany.
A) should have invaded
B) must have invaded 6. All my marks in high school were
C) might invade very good. I ---- any kind of
D) could have invaded occupation l wanted but I decided
E) should be invaded to become a businessman.
A) had better choose
B) should have chosen
2. In theory all Japanese ---- written in
C) could have chosen
kan, but people also use kanji, which is
D) might choose
harder to learn.
E) was able to choose
A) may have been
B) could have been

C) should have been
D) could be 7. If we ---- solve our
E) will be transportation problem, other
technologies such as those needed
for mass transit system ----
3. Turkey ---- to EU, because the replace the automobile.
government has played its part in the
A) are to / must
Copenhagen criteria.
B) should / used to
A) shouldn’t be admitting C) had to / may
B) must have admitted D) must / needn’t
C) could have admitted E) have to / would
D) would be admitted
E) ought to be admitted
8. In the middle of the twentieth

4. The Central Bank ---- by very century physicists ---- a pair of
professional thieves because they did major developments that ---- the
everything in a perfect timing and way electricity is transmitted.
sequence.
A) announced / must be affected
A) must have robbed B) had been announced / may affect
B) shouldn't have robbed C) had announced / can be affected
C) might be robbed D) have announced / can affect
D) must have been robbed E) announced / might affect
E) could have been robbed
9
9. He ---- in the traffic jam for hours, 13. When Warren ---- he would have to
because when he came home was very work on Thursday, he ---- his offer to
angry about the traffic in the city baby-sit for his sister’s kids.
A) had to be stuck A) realized / had to withdraw
B) must have been stuck B) realized / will have to withdraw
C) used to be stuck C) realized / should withdraw
D) would be stuck D) will realize / should withdraw
E) should have been stuck E) has realized / had to withdraw
14. Allergies ---- abnormal reactions of

10. He thinks the main thing in a
the immune system that ---- in response
marriage is respect and it ---- be based
to harmless substances.
on mutual affection.
A) were / can occur
A) is used to B) must
B) have been / used to occur
C) would D) used to
C) are / may occur
E) was able to
D) had been / might occur
E) would be / should have occurred
11. Sound wave ---- different

characteristics, because we ---- one
15. You have been studying very hard
kind of sound from another in an easy
all year. You ---- a holiday to stay
way.
healthy.
A) have to have / could distinguish
B) should have / can distinguish A) used to have B) would have
C) must have / may be distinguished C) should have D) may have had
D) may have / ought to distinguish E) could have had
E) must have / can distinguish
16. The house seemed so old-fashioned

that they ---- it in the last century.
12. Early submarines ---- submerged A) would have built
for long periods, so they ---- every few B) must have built
hours for air their engines and crews. C) could build
A) can’t have stayed / may have been D) may be building
surfaced E) can build
B) couldn’t stay / had to surface
C) had to stay / didn’t need to surface
D) must have stayed / can surface
E) weren’t able to stay / must surface
1.D 2.D 3.E 4.D 5.C 6.C 7.A 8.E
9.B 10.B 11.E 12.B 13.A 14.C 15.C 16.B
10
5. Organization and action for the
TEST protection of community health ---- a
1 PASSIVE&CAUSATIVE
local responsible ---- out by the state or
the locality.
A) were considered / carrying
1. Before a word ----, it is apparent that
B) considered / having carried
some learners can learn words after only
C) are considering /to be carried
one encounter whereas for most people
D) consider / carrying
seven repetitions seem to be enough.
E) were considered / to be carried
A) ought to be learned
B) could have been learned
C) is supposed to learn
D) can be learned 6. The city ---- first ---- the name
E) may have learned Watervliet, which means flowing stream,
in the1680’s.
A) was/given B) -/ gave
2. Many chemical compounds besides
water ---- for life to exist, the most C) has/given D) is / given
important being “organic compounds”.
E) had been / given
A) were needed
B) have needed
C) are needed
D) had been needed
7. Commercial artists generally ---- in art
E) were being needed
schools or in the art departments of
colleges and universities by professionals
and produce fine work.
3. Natural gas ---- to mankind from a
very early day, perhaps before ---- A) had been training
history. B) are trained
C) were trained
A) is known / is recorded
B) known / recording D) trained
E) had been trained
C) has been known / recorded
D) was known / recording
E) is knowing / is recording
8. Viruses ---- by the Russian scientist

4. The use of powerful light beams to Dimitri Ivannovsky in 1892 attract many
scientists even today.
investigate the altitudes and
characteristics of clouds ---- for many A) discovered
years by means of instruments ---- B) had been discovered
“ceilometers.” C) are discovered
A) is practicing / called D) were discovered
E) discovering
B) has been practiced / called
C) are practiced / are calling
D) is practiced / are called
E) were practiced / calling
11
9. Earthquakes ---- by magnitude and 13. The insect body ---- into three
intensity. parts: the head threax, and
abdomen.
A) have measured
B) is measured A) dividing B) has divided
C) are measured
C) is divided D) is dividing
D) measure
E) measured E) had been divided
10. As the aquatic plants die and decay,

14. Photography ---- extensively in
the bottom of the pond ---- and the
almost all areas of commercial art.
water ---- shallower.
A) uses B) will use
A) has been built up / became
B) builds up / has become C) is used D) used
C) is built up / becomes
E) were used
D) built up / became
E) was built up / had become
15. I can’t ---- anybody ---- into

11. The rock ---- of different minerals, the house because I have been
which expand and contract at different ordered not to do so until it is sold.
rates.
A) have / gone
A) composing B) get / go
B) has composed C) make / go
C) is composed D) let / go
D) has been composing E) allow / go
E) composed
16. My brother has difficulty in

12. Plants such as water lilies and choosing a suit because he is a bit
sedges that live in water ---- as fat, so he always ---- a tailor ----
hydrophytes. his suits.
A) are known A) has / sew
B) had been known B) makes / sewn
C) are being known C) gets / sew
D) were known D) let / sewn
E) have known E) has / sewn
1.D 2.C 3.C 4.B 5.E 6.A 7.B 8.A

9.C 10.C 11.C 12.A 13.C 14.C 15.D 16.A
12
5. More attention is likely ---- to
TEST how a word ----, in addition to its
2 PASSIVE&CAUSATIVE
meaning and its use.
A) to pay / having been pronounced
B) to have paid / is pronounced
1. Before a word, it is apparent that
C) to be paid / is pronounced
some learners can learn words after only
D) having been paid / pronounced
one encounter whereas for most people
E) being paid / is pronounced
seven1. Regions with the temperature of
their warmest month lower than 10 oC --
-- as having a polar climate
A) regarded
B) is regarded
6. Not enough of Antarctica ---- to
C) are regarded
really know what ---- under the icy
D) having been regarded
blanket of it.
E) had been regarded
A) had been explored / found
B) had explored / had been found
2. The continental regions in which rain C) has been explored / is to be found
forests ----,---- on tablelands occupying D) would have been explored / is found
the ancient pre-Cambrian platforms. E) could have explored / should be found
A) found / have been situated

B) are found / situated
C) have found / are situated
D) are found / are situated
E) will found / were situated 7. During the commemoration, I
noticed that one of the old days
that he had with his friends ----
3. The Turkish glass ---- back to the 12th him ---- very sensitive.
and 13th centuries and the first glass
A) had/felt
workshops ---- in Istanbul in the 17th
B) got/felt
century.
C) had /to feel
A) had dated / has opened D) made/feel
B) dates / were opened E) let/to feel
C) dating / were opened
D) has dated / opening
E) dated / had been opened
8. The application of chemistry to

4. A budget, as a plan for future action, -
the production of useful products
-- on estimates; estimated sales,
that ---- for a profit ---- into the
estimated costs, estimated business
chemical industry.
conditions and so on.
A) can be sold / has grown
A) based B) having based
B) may sell / has been grown
C) to base D) basing C) could have sold / have grown
D) can sell / have been grown
E) is based
E) could have been sold /was being grown
13
9. Schizophrenics ---- to have abnormal 13. The first flags ---- of cloth ----
color perception, and very young by the ancient Chinese and East
children learning to distinguish colors --- Indians.
- red or orange.
A) were made / were used
A) say / are preferring B) made / used
B) are said / prefer C) made / were used
C) is said / may prefer D) having been made / have used
D) says / prefer E) to be made / had been used
E) is said / preferring
14. Among the words that ---- in

the earliest stages in monolingual
language courses will be words ----
10. Abstract words ---- with real,
the management of teaching and
material objects that ---- directly to the
learning.
five senses.
A) will include / being concerned
A) associated / are related
B) will be included / concerning
B) are not associated / relate
C) are included /concern
C) associated / have related
D) included / concerning
D) are not associated / are related
E) has been included / having been concerned
E) being associated / are related
15. The cells of the human body ---

- by liquid that is remarkably
11. The old man couldn’t open the locked constant in its properties.
door although he tried a lot, so he ---- a
A) surrounded
locksmith ---- it.
B) were surrounded
A) made / unlocked C) surrounding
B) lets / unlock D) having surrounded
C) got / to unlock E) are surrounded
D) allowed / unlock
E) had / unlocked
16. If you want to ---- your car ----,

you should first till this form.
A) make / service
12. When I heard that your mother ---- B) have / serviced
your father ---- a washing - machine I C) let / service
was really shocked. D) get / to service
E) have / service
A) had / bought
B) wanted / buy
C) got / to buy
D) made / to buy
E) had / buy
1.C 2.D 3.B 4.E 5.C 6.C 7.D 8.A

9.B 10.D 11.C 12.C 13.E 14.B 15.E 16.B
14
5. ---- a responsible person, she ---
TEST - late for the job interview
1 CONDITIONALS
yesterday.
A) Had she been / would be
B) Were she / would not have been
1. If you ---- stuck in a strange English
C) Should she be / would not be
town, trying to find a hotel for the
D) is she / would be
night, I think, it ---- more important to
E) Had she not been / was
you to communicate successfully in
English that has a few mistakes than to
speak perfect English.
A) were/would be
B) had been / would have been 6. Only if great investments ----,
C) will be / is can the stability of economy be
D) have been / must have been maintained.
E) are / has been
A) are made
B) were made
C) would be made
2. I speak a lot of English but what ----
D) were made
the point if you ---- me? It will never
E) had been made
improve then.
A) is/don't correct
B) was / hadn't corrected
C) will be / didn’t correct
D) would be / won’t correct 7. Suspects were taken to the court
E) was/haven't corrected room under the control of the
guards lest they ----.
A) had escaped
B) have escaped
3. What ---- to the conversation activity
C) would rather escape
if I ---- people all the time to tell them
D) should escape
about their mistakes?
E) escaped
A) could have happened / would stopped
B) had happened / could have stopped
C) will have happened / stop
D) would happen / stopped
E) happens / must have stopped
8. If you ---- on the Moon, what
kind of a house ---?
A) lived /will you build
4. They say that if Kennedy ---- he ---- B) had lived / would you build
great changes in the policy of the C) lived / did you build
United States. D) have been living /will you build
E) were to live /would you build
A) hadn't been shot / would have made
B) wasn't shot / would make
C) hadn’t shot / would make
D) wouldn't have been shot / had made
E) didn't shoot / would make
15
9. Special libraries will continue to 13. If more people ---- a group, it -
exist ---- they bring society --- extremely difficult to talk and
something that it needs. relate to each of the other
members.
A) unless B) even if
A) joined / became
C) if only D) lest
B) join /would have become
E) as long as C) had joined / would become
D) join / will become
E) should join / would become
10. A word ---- more likely to be 14. ---- an unexpected thing should
remembered better, if it ---- in context occur, don’t hesitate to call us since you
with objects it represents. may not be able to solve the problem by
yourself.
A) would be / has been taught
B) has been / was being taught A) ln the event that B) But for
C) could be/taught
C) Unless D) Only if
D) would have been / had been taught
E) is / is taught E) Except
11. If teachers ---- the student’s

15. ---- you grow up where I did, --
mother tongue, translating individual
-- you’ve had people avoid you
words ---- a shortcut to vocabulary
because of the color of your skin,
teaching.
don’t talk to me about common
A) knew / will have been dreams.
B) knows / can be
A) Unless / if
C) had known / would be
B) Once/when
D) know / could have been
C) Unless / unless
E) know / is
D) As/ if
E) Since/unless
12. If blood pressure ---- to fall, the

16. ---- it is really necessary; may you
kidneys ---- the enzyme rennin into the
ask for permission to go out for your
blood where it reacts with another
personal works.
protein.
A) Unless B) Even if
A) had started / would have released
B) starts / would release C) Providing D) Though
C) has started / would release
E) Only if
D) starts / release
E) started / may release
1.A 2.A 3.D 4.A 5.B 6.A 7.E 8.E

9.E 10.E 11.E 12.D 13.D 14.A 15.C 16.E
16
5. If you ---- where you want to go,
TEST you ---- the address through GPS
2 CONDITIONALS
and go there easily.
A) know / can find
B) knew / had found
1. If the purpose of the person
C) had known / could find
interrupting ---- to clarify what the
D) would know / could have found
speaker is saying, it ----.
E) will know / could find
A) was / may have been tolerated
B) is / may be tolerated
C) has been / could tolerate
D) had been / would have been tolerated
E) would be / can be tolerated 6. If classroom interaction ---- by
the teacher, it ---- a risk of not
involving students anymore.
A) is dominated / runs
2. If it ---- for his generous donation,
B) dominates /will run
we ---- the modern school in our
C) would be dominated / ran
village.
D) has been dominated /would run
A) hadn't been / couldn’t have built E) was dominated / would have run
B) weren't / wouldn't build
C) isn't / won’t build

D) wouldn‘t be / didn’t build
E) won't be / don't build
7. If the coronary arteries, the
vessels on the surface of the heart,
---- enough blood to pass through,
3. If I ---- him for his opinion on then the heart ---- in trouble.
smoking, what do you think he ---- to
A) won’t allow / will be
me in your reply?
B) don’t allow / is
A) asked / would have said C) didn’t allowed / have been
B) ask/will have said D) hasn’t allowed / would be
C) were to ask / might say E) would have allowed / was
D) asked / will say
E) will ask/can say
8. If there ---- gas or electricity, a

4. I --- grateful to you if you --- up for person‘s daily routine ---- very
my friends. different.
A) was / stood A) isn't / will be
B) would have been / will stand B) weren't / would have been
C) have been / are standing C) wasn't / would be
D) would be / could stand D) wouldn't be/ had been
E) will be/would stand E) haven't been / is
17
9. My life ---- different from it is now if I 13. If you ---- particularly intolerant or
---- that terrible murder. anxious about your own mistakes, you -
--- this anxiety onto the class.
A) was / didn't witness
B) is / haven’t witnessed A) were / project
C) would be / hadn’t witnessed B) have been/ had projected
D) would have been / didn’t witness C) would be / projected
E) will be / haven't witnessed D) are / will project
E) had been / had projected
10. I know that you're a liar; if you ----

honest you ---- me that you cheated. 14. Mistakes ---- us a lot if we ---- them
creative curiosity rather than fear.
A) were / will tell
B) had been / would have been told A) can teach / can meet
C) would be / had told B) teach / could have met
D) will be/will have told C) could teach / had been met
E) were / would have told D) had taught / met
E) taught / had met
11. If I ---- an invitation from my cousin

who lives in Cape Town, I ---- at home 15. If a writer ---- to persuade you or
complaining about everything at the produce emotional response, the
moment. language and content ---- subjective.
A) hadn’t received / would be sitting A) would want / were
B) didn’t receive / would have been sitting B) wants /will be
C) don't receive / would sit C) had wanted / would have been
D) won’t receive / will sit D) will want / are
E) wouldn’t have received / sat E) has wanted / would be
12. It ---- us many days to go from one 16. If I ---- the necessary qualifications,
place to another if there ---- any modern I ---- as the manager.
means of transportation.
A) have / would be appointed
A) would take/weren’t B) have had / will appoint
B) will take / hadn't been C) had /would have been appointed
C) had taken / wouldn't be D) had had / should be appointed
D) took /weren't E) would have / was appointed
E) would have taken / haven't been
1.B 2.A 3.C 4.D 5.A 6.A 7.B 8.C

9.C 10.E 11.A 12.A 13.D 14.A 15.B 16.C
18
5. It is not only desirable that the method
TEST of teaching fits the student, but also that
1 ADJECTIVE CLAUSE
it fits the teacher, and this is ---- the
“realness” of the teacher comes in.
A) which
1. Commentor is a Roman
B) whatever
memorandum, ---were often used as
C) for which
source material by historians.
D) whom
A) that E) where
B) where
C) who
D) whom
E) which
6. We decided to start reading early in
the morning ---- our minds were fresh.
A) that
B) about which
2. There is, in all great poets, a wisdom C) when
of humanity ---- is superior to any D) at which
talents they exercise. E) whenever
A) who
B) whose
C) what
D) which
7. Although film critics didn't agree on
E) whom
the effectiveness of her performance in
that film, they liked her portrayal of Mary
Wellond in the Age of Innocence, ---- she
received an Oscar nomination.
3. Red walls seem nearer than blue A) to which
walls. This effect seems to depend B) for which
upon the way ---- the eye C) where
accommodates to radically different D) throughout which
wavelengths. E) which
A) on which
B) in which
C) whom
D) whose
E) what
8. I may be out of the office this

afternoon, ---- you should leave a
message to my assistant.
4. Most visitors to Kentucky want to
see the race horses ---- the slate is A) in which case
famous. B) in which
C) by which
A) at which
D) which
B) on which
E) where
C) for which
D) in which
E) which
19
9. The UN Security Council, which is to 13. Of the nearly one million Europeans in
preserve peace, has fifteen members, - Algeria in 1948, ---- owned about one third
--- are not permanent there are ten of land under cultivation, many have
members ---- are not permanent emigrated to France since the day ----
serving two – years terms Algeria became independent.
A) some of whom/ which A) who / on which
B) five of whom / who B) of whom / that
C) all of which /whom C) which / when
D) none of which /that D) of which / when
E) one of whom / that E) whom / which
14. He told me that he had known people -

10. More than fifty of the elements ---- --- have got diseases like hepatitis from
known on earth have been identified in cheap ear-piercing guns and that he only
these meteors from outer space. pierced young people ---- parent or
guardian was with them.
A) which
B) where A) which / when
C) that B) that / of whom
D) – C) who / whose
E) by which D) how / which
E) for whom / where
11. Emphysema, a disease ---- an 15. There is nothing more stimulating than
abnormality of alveoli structure and seeing someone ---- teaches well, but is an
function develops, is a frequent annoying thought that good lessons are
respiratory illness. “wasted” on those ---- do not need them;
such as inspectors and supervisors.
A) in which
B) whenever A) who / who
C) in whose B) that / whichever
D) which C) when / for whom
E) what D) where / for which
E) which / that
12. Most plants are firmly fixed in the 16. My friends, many ---- are from
soil ---- they grow, while most different cities, have always been very
animals can move from one place to supportive.
another.
A) of which
A) what B) whose
B) in which C) whom
C) that D) that
D) which E) of whom
E) however
1.E 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.E 6.C 7.B 8.A

9.B 10.D 11.A 12.B 13.A 14.C 15.A 16.E
20
5. Accountancy as a profession is
TEST generally of a consultive nature, ---- an
2 ADJECTIVE CLAUSE
accountant may be called in to
investigate books and to advise on ----
they should be kept.
1. In some cultures ---- people like to
A) in which / how
talk a lot, a listener's silence is often
B) of which / what
assumed to indicate agreement.
C) where / for which
A) whether D) that / that
B) that E) how / whom
C) of which
D) in which
E) which
6. The ancient Greeks wrote of certain

primitive peoples ---- they called cave
2. Sociologists ---- do research on
dwellers.
religion analyze the relationship
between society and religion. A) whom
B) whose
A) which
C) what
B) what
D) whoever
C) whom
E) when
D) whose
E) who
7. The usefulness of an accumulator is

3. The earth absorbs more energy
that it can be charged again ---- it has
near the equator, ---- the sun‘s rays
been discharged.
strike directly.
A) whatever
A) which
B) whenever
B) that
C) how
C) where
D) for which
D) of which
E) from which
E) whose
4. Airlines must operate between

8. The city is situated in the area ----,
cities ---- they can be sure of getting
during the 1990’s, was one of the state's
regular loads of passengers and
fastest growing regions.
freight.
A) where
A) where
B) —
B) how
C) which
C) which
D) what
D) what
E) through which
E) on which
21
9. All the engineered products ---- we 13. Bach introduced a new system
highly value are the results of human of fingering ---- had an important
intelligence. influence in the modern art of
piano playing.
A) how
B) that A) of which
C) when B) what
D) whatever C) which
E) whether D) where
E) who
10. The water screw is associated with

Archimedes ---- may or may not have 14. The famous critic Ralph Waldo
invented it. Emerson was strongly attracted to
Carlyle and they began a
A) whom
correspondence ---- continued for
B) that
more than forty years.
C) which
D) who A) who
E) where B) which
C) when
D) where
E) whom
11. When she was seven, Winona’s

family moved to a commune in a small
California town ---- they lived with 15. Teachers, who once related
seven other families. well to students, may find
themselves isolated --- they are
A) where
confronted with a younger
B) with whom
generation ---- outlook and values
C) by which
are totally different.
D) which
E) why A) when/whose
B) that/of which
C) how/where
D) why/whom
E) where / when
12. The Green Garden Restaurant uses
fresh products in its dishes, ---- the
owners grow in their own garden ---- 16. There are times ---- we need to
people admire eating. keep our voices down and wait for
---- is going to happen.
A) some of whom / that
B) all of whom / — A) where/that
C) none of which / — B) which/which
D) which / for which C) in that/what
E) most of which / in which D) when/what
E) whom/who
1.D 2.E 3.C 4.A 5.A 6.A 7.B 8.C

9.B 10.D 11.A 12.E 13.C 14.B 15.A 16.D
22
5. ---- the cat sees a bird, it runs
TEST towards it.
1 NOUN CLAUSE
A) Whichever
B) Whomever
C) Whenever
1. There are many variables that may
D)Whatever
make a difference in ---- you learn and
E) However
remember something.
A) That
B) what
C) which
D) if 6. The manager wanted to know ---
E) how - Jane caused the problem in the
assembly line or not.
A) if
B) what
2. Practice exactly makes you good ----
C) why
you have learned.
D) how
A) what E) when
B) that
C) whether
D) which
E) when
7. It is not known ---- or not the

3. The most important single court was convinced about his
development since the Second World being innocent.
War has been the application of A) whether
numerical control to ---- are defined as B) if
general-purpose machines. C) that
A) where D) what
B) which E) why
C) that
D) what
E) how
8. ---- he is a liar is ---- she always

complains about.
4. He was interested in ---- the Prime A) Why / that
Minister was assaulted by someone of a B) If / what
foreign origin. C) That / what
A) what D) Whether / which
B) whenever E) That / that
C) why
D) if
E) that
23
9. I'm sorry to inform you ---- I 13. Nature documentaries these days are
haven't finished my assignment yet. incredibly well-filmed. It is often hard to
imagine ---- they took the shots.
A) about which
B) what A) who
C) whether B) which
D) why C) in which
E) that D) why
E) how
14. We were never TV addicts, but it was

a central part of our lives, so I didn’t
10. ---- you do to overcome these
know ---- my kids would react or ---- we
difficulties caused by economic
would do when we first decided not to fix
problems will be in vain.
the television.
A) Whatever
A) how / what
B) That
B) when / which
C) When
C) that / how
D) Whichever
D) what / when
E) Whether
E) why / how
15. ---- an individual’s intelligence, or

11. She told me ---- I have to work to
mental ability traditionally has been
survive and ---- l have nothing else to
considered extremely important to the
do except it.
development of his her ability to read,
A) what / that shows a moderate correlation in primary
B) − / that grades and higher grades.
C) − / when
A) Whom
D) that / whether
B) What
E) why / what
C) The fact that
D) If
E) Which
12. It is a remarkable problem for us -

--- the effects of the great disaster 16. England is a European Island outpost
will be eliminated in a short time or ---- continental Europeans created a
not. nation so distinctive that its Englishness
is taken for granted.
A) if
B) that A) where
C) what B) which
D) which C) what
E) whether D) that
E) whose
1.E 2.A 3.D 4.C 5.C 6.A 7.A 8.C

9.E 10.A 11.B 12.E 13.E 14.A 15.C 16.A
24
5. Once on intimate terms with the
TEST sea, the people of Istanbul knew
2 NOUN CLAUSE
very well ---- fish to buy ----
season.
A) what / on which
1. ---- a well-designed lesson plan
B) which /when
should include must be considered by
C) that / in what
every teacher and ---- it is going to be
D) whose / which
achieved shouldn’t be neglected.
E) which / in which
A) Where / that
B) What / how
C) Which / why
D) That / where 6. Most of ---- remains today from
E) How/that ancient times is a handful of ruins
dating to the Roman period.
A) who
B) what
2. My parents are doubtful about ----
C) which
they should spend the summer in
D) whom
Istanbul or go somewhere else.
E) that
A) if
B) where
C) what
D) whether 7. It is very amazing ----
E) when information flows through the
brain, and ---- the brain places a
new short- term memory into long-
term memory.
3. ---- a young boy could buy such an
A) why / that
expensive car without any financial
B) how / how
help makes me worried.
C) if / how
A) Who D) how / if
B) When E) where / what
C) Whose
D) What
E) How
8. Most people are curious about --
-- the various parts of the unborn
human young develop.
4. In 1540, Spanish explorers arrived
A) what
at the Grand Canyon in ---- is now
B) how
Arizona.
C) which
A) which D) that
B) that E) whose
C) where
D) what
E) when
25
9. The belief ---- the high walls of 13. The new doctor didn’t know ----
Constantinople couldn’t be pulled down to do for the helpless patient.
was disproved by Mehmet ll, the
A) that
Conqueror.
B) Whether
A) which C) what
B) where D) how
C) of which E) when
D) if
E) that
14. It’s believed ---- they were the

most important figures of this age.
10. The council agreed ---- the election
should be realized once in every five A) whether
years. B) that
C) if
A) which
D) when
B) when
E) why
C) whichever
D) whomever
E) that
15. His prediction, ---- it will be

quite rain in the afternoon, seems
to be true.
A) that
11. ---- difficult the test is, she is
B) which
determined to take it.
C) if
A) No matter how D) when
B) Whichever E) what
C) Whatever
D) Whether
E) No matter which
16. ---- she will begin her new duty

will be decided tomorrow.
A) If
12. ---- industrialism developed,
B) What
whether in France, Germany, or the
C) When
United States, the consequences were
D) That
the same and needed similar remedies
E) The fact
for certain diseases.
A) Which
B) That
C) How
D) Wherever
E) However
1.B 2.D 3.E 4.D 5.E 6.B 7.B 8.B

9.E 10.E 11.A 12.D 13.C 14.B 15.B 16.C
26
5. In 1980, many industrial
TEST workers joined together and went
1 GERUND-INFINITIVE
on strike. They refused ---- until
the government allowed them ----
unions free of government control.
1. The liver is involved in many A) to work / to form
significant body processes, such as --- B) working / forming
- protection from disease, and ---- C) work/ form
sugar to meet the needs of muscle D) to work / form
tissues. E) to have worked / to form
A) to afford / supplying
B) affording / to supply
C) to afford / to supply
D) to affording / to supply 6. There were riots and violence
E) affording / supplying therefore millions of people tried --
-- their families and belongings as
quickly as possible.
A) to move
2. Today I tell you, and I declare it to B) to be moved
the world, that we accept ---- with C) move
you in permanent peace based on D) having moved
justice.
E) moved
A) live
B) having lived
C) to live
D) being lived 7.From many perspectives, it is not
E) lived easy ---- the problem of torture as
public policy.
3. Nor could the members of the A) dealing with

conference determine in detail the B) deal with
interaction needed between body and C) to deal with
wind ---- us to fall asleep. D) dealt with
E) having dealt with
A) enabled
B) to have enabled
C) having been enabled
D) to enable 8. Adjustments of taxes and
E) having enable transfers escape the long delays ---
- from ---- that plague government
public work expenditures.
4. Children may sometimes hesitate---
-about their problems because their A) resulting/ planning
feelings and fantasies can make it B) to result/ planned
difficult ----. C) to be resulted / being planned
D) resulted / to plan
A) speaking / expressing E) resulting / having planned
B) to speak / to express
C) to have been spoken / to express
D) having spoken / express
E) to be spoken / to be expressing
27
9. This approach was applied, with 13. The new administrator is said -
varying success, ---- interaction --- one of the most arrogant
problems, usually in business. persons in this firm as far as I have
heard.
A) to be organized
B) having been organized A) being
C) to organize B) to have been
D) having organized C) to being
E) being organized D) having been
E) to be
10. An atomic bomb must provide

enough mass of plutonium or uranium 14. An ideal scientist seeks ---- the
---- critical mass, which can make up unknown around his environment
for the neutrons ---- the material by ---- everything carefully.
through its outside surface.
A) to learn / to search
A) reaching / to leave B) learning / being searched
B) having reached / left C) learning / to search
C) to reach / to be left D) to learn / searching
D) reaching / leave E) to have learnt/ searching
E) to reach / leaving
15. The ambassador was seen ----

from the back-doors after ---- the
11. Byron's real purpose was not
public about the scandal.
only---- the follies of the society but
also ---- a realistic comment on them. A) run away / to inform
B) to have run away / being informed
A) to expose/ offering
C) ran away / informing
B) exposing / having offered
D) run away / informed
C) being exposed / being offered
E) running away/ informing
D) to be exposed / offering
E) to expose / to offer
16. Our school team is the first ----

the Champions but it needs ----
more to make its victory
12. Agronomists attempt ----
permanent.
techniques that will increase the yield
of field crops and ---- their quality and A) to be defeated / practicing
profitability while conserving the B) to have defeated / to practicing
fertility of the soil. C) to defeat / to practice
D) to be defeated / to practice
A) to develop / improve
E) defeating/ to have practiced
B) developing / improving
C) develop / to improve
D) to have developed / to improve
E) to develop / having improved
1.E 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.A 6.A 7.C 8.A

9.C 10.E 11.E 12.A 13.E 14.D 15.E 16.C
28
5. Sulfa drugs and antitoxin
TEST serums have been used ---- the
2 GERUND-INFINITIVE
disease.
A) to combat
B) to be combatting
1. ---- what is involved, try ---- a knife
C) combatting
blade between the sheets of a closed
box. D) to combatting
E) being combatted
A) Understand / to put
B) Having understood / to have put
C) Understanding / to put
D) Understanding / putting
E) To understand / to put 6. Gallstones are particularly likely
---- in women who have borne
children.
A) to have found
2. If you really feel like ---- something B) finding
sweet when you are on a diet, try ---- C) find
gum, it will help you. D) to be found
A) to eat / to chew E) found
B) eating / being chewed

C) to eat / chew
D) eating / chewing
E) to be eating / to chew
7. My colleague doesn’t mind me --
-- his car without permission.
A) to be taken
3. The greyhound is known ---- in B) take
ancient Egypt and in the days of Cnut C) to take
the Great. D) taking
E) to have taken
A) to be existed
B) to have existed
C) existing
D) be existing
E) existed
8. In ---- urban problems, Istanbul
has done comprehensive planning
and has instigated many programs
of its own.
4. Fear causes the mouth ---- dry and
the saliva ---- thick. A) to be facing
B) being faced
A) to become / to become
C) facing
B) becoming / becoming
D) having faced
C) to become / becoming
E) to be faced
D) becoming / to become
E) becoming /to have become
29
9. When different parts of the 13. There is no point in your ---- on --
alimentary canal fail ---- with one -- home too early. We will not accept
another, digestive disorders may arise. it.
A) to cooperating A) insist/ to go
B) cooperate B) having insisted / to go
C) to have cooperated C) having to insist/ go
D) having been cooperating D) to insist / to go
E) to cooperate E) insisting/going
14. Animals ---- by too much hunting

10. In agriculture, the objectives were ---- by laws that forbid such killing.
---- food supplies for export and ---- a
A) are threatened / have been protected
growing population through improved
B) threatened / are protected
irrigation, technical advice to farmers,
C) threatens / protected
and the establishment of more
D) were threatened / were protected
cooperative farms.
E) threatening / will be protected
A) to be increased /to be fed
B) increasing / being fed
C) increasing / to feed
D) to increase / to feed 15. Nothing can prevent us from ----

E) to increase / feeding our rights. If we don’t give any
reaction I’m sure he will go on ----
like that.
A) having defended / behave
B) to defend /to behave
11. It is said that one of the most
C) defending / behave
respected bureaucrats bribed the chief
D) to defend / behaving
commissioner ---- the file about him.
E) defending / behaving
A) terminate
B) terminating
C) to have terminated
D) to be terminated 16. We’ve avoided ---- him about the
E) to terminate terrible news. Nevertheless, he is
going to learn it at last.
A) to tell
B) tell
C) to be told
12. Although our teacher suggested us
D) to have told
---- 5 hours a day, Murat was too
E) telling
stubborn ----
A) to work / listen
B) working / listening
C) having worked / to listen
D) to work / to listen
E) working / to listen
1.E 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.A 6.D 7.D 8.C

9.E 10.D 11.E 12.E 13.E 14.B 15.E 16.E
30
5. ---- there is air within our bodies
TEST as well as outside, we feel no
1 CONJUNCTIONS
discomfort under ordinary
conditions.
1. Socrates believed that the correct A) Despite
method of discovering the common B) However
characteristics was by inductive C) If
means, ----, by reasoning from D) Unless
particular facts to a general idea. E) As
A) due to
B) consequently
C) hence
6. The characteristic conical shape
D) beside
of a volcano is undoubtedly ---- the
E) that is
manner in which the mountain
arises.
2. ---- medieval hospitals had little in A) owing
common with the modern institutions, B) despite
they provided one of the sources from C) due to
which our hospitals evolved. D) besides
E) as
A) However
B) Despite
C) Because
D) Even so
7. Everybody will believe you
E) Even though
without doubt ---- you keep
resolved in saying the truth.
3. ---- two things are mentioned, the
A) unless
first one is often called “the former"
B) in order to
and the second is called “the latter.”
C) thus
A) After D) as long as
B) Unless E) because
C) Until
D) When
E) Since 8. ---- there have been extensive
efforts, especially in the major
population centers of Asia, to
develop public library services,
4. ---- the animals that live out their these efforts have not yet truly
lives in the zone of total darkness in succeeded anywhere.
caves are worms, fishes, amphibians,
A) Because
insects, and spiders.
B) After
A) Beside C) Although
B) Among D) So long as
C) Whereas E) For
D) Despite
E) As well as
31
9. Many types of liver are widely eaten 13. Argentina rapidly turned into a
---- nutritious organ meats. Beef and developed country, ---- today
calf liver are ----the most popular. Argentina’s inhabitants make up
the most urbanized, well-fed,
A) as/besides
literate and homogeneous nation.
B) for/with
C) as/among A) however
D) like/as B) moreover
E) for/as C) nonetheless
D) owing to
E) even so
10. Poets, ---- philosophe, sculptors

and musicians, are, in one sense, the
creators, in another the creations of 14. In 1866, ---- his interest in
their age. photography, Beach, an American
editor and publisher, suggested to
A) due to
the US commissioner to make
B) notwithstanding
investment in this area.
C) as well
D) like A) as a result of
E) likewise B) because
C) whereas
D) due to the fact that

E) as if
11. Not ---- the 1980’s did Romantics

become an accepted collective name
15. l was beginning to wonder ----
for Blake Wordsworth, Byron, Scott and
the writer of the book was a
Keats.
personal acquaintance of mine.
A) only
A) whether
B) until
B) in spite of
C) sooner
C) unless
D) since
D) as
E) afterwards
E) thus
16. One goal of mathematics is to

12. ---- counter the isolationism of so
solve a problem in a systematic
many of the commonest approaches of
way ---- similar problems can be
the literary scholar, we need the
solved more easily in the same
awareness of the historical process.
way.
A) for
A) while
B) so that
B) but
C) in order to
C) however
D) although
D) owing to
E) nevertheless
E) so that
1.E 2.E 3.D 4.B 5.E 6.C 7.D 8.C

9.C 10.D 11.B 12.C 13.B 14.A 15.A 16.E
32
5. The cool winds of the winter
TEST monsoon keep temperatures low in
2 CONJUNCTIONS
the northern areas ---- in southern
India, temperatures stay fairly
high.
1. ---- the number of women of
A) all the same
childbearing age increased dramatically
B) while
after 1960, the number of births
C) unlike
declined.
D) since
A) Since E) moreover
B) However
C) Thus
D) Although
E) Because of 6. When l entered a New York City
hospital for a month's stay, l was
depressed --- my husband would
be permitted to visit me only three
2. In general, the north of Portugal has times a week.
a wetter as well as cooler climate than
A) in case
the south, ---- it is subject to westerly
B) by the time
ocean winds for a longer part of the
C) yet
year.
D) provided
A) whereas E) for
B) because
C) henceforth
D) despite
E) unlike 7. ---- the white Americans, the
early mining camps attracted a
number of energetic Chinese and
blacks.
3. ---- recent experiments, we now
A) Furthermore
understand why flowers open and close
B) While
at particular times.
C) Such as
A) In spite of D) In addition to
B) Besides E) On account of
C) Except for
D) Nonetheless
E) Owing to
8. Climate and plant life in the
Himalaya are quite varied ---- the
difference in altitude and exposure
4. ---- you learned to use chopsticks as in many parts of the range.
a child, you would find that eating with
A) in spite of
chopsticks is very difficult.
B) for instance
A) Whereas C) due to
B) Hence D) as well
C) Unless E) much as
D) Even so
E) No Even so
33
9. Robinson Crusoe survived on his 13. Blindness struck Michael Naranjo
island for almost 30 years ---- he was ---- he had a chance to think about
finally rescued by the crew of a what he wanted to do with his life.
passing ship.
A) contrary to
A) until B) before
B) whenever C) while
C) as soon as D) no sooner
D) while E) unless
E) henceforth
10. ---- gathering, which is women’s 14. ---- you inform me in advance,
work, is much more important can I book a table with a sea view for
economically than hunting, it is he you.
hunt that defines and limits language
A) If only
and behavior in hunting and gathering
B) Provided
societies.
C) Unless
A) Despite D) In case
B) Besides E) Only if
C) As
D) Because
E) Although
15. We avoid buying everything our

children demand ---- they should get
11. Transportation has always been
used to acquiring everything easily in
important in Montana ---- the people
life.
living there must contend with great
distances. A) so
B) as a result
A) since
C) however
B) yet
D) lest
B) unless
E) nevertheless
D) let alone
E) on condition that
16. Miami Beach is a popular vacation

12. Being able to paraphrase difficult
center for visitors ---- its subtropical
passages allows you to check your
marine climate and its extensive
comprehension and helps you
tourist and recreational facilities.
understand ---- remember what
you’ve read. A) besides
B) such as
A) so as not to
C) like
B) what's more
D) thanks to
C) as well as
E) also
D) even if
E) but
1-D 2-B 3-E 4-C 5-C 6-E 7-D 8-C

9-A 10-E 11-A 12-C 13-B 14-E 15-D 16-D
34
5. Saladdin Ayyubi ---- being an
TEST able general renowned for his
3 CONJUNCTIONS
courage, was a theological scholar
and a patron of literature.
A) as well as
1. ---- its use in soups and puddings,
B) also
rice can be ground into flour and used
C) but
to make biscuits.
D) unlike
A) Due to E) on behalf of
B) For
C) in addition to
D) Furthermore
E) Unlike 6. He based his judgements on an
analysis ---- of the historical
environment ---- of the individual
psychology of each writer.
2. ---- the enormous demand for fuels,
A) such / −
known resources are being exhausted
B) both / and
and new ones have become difficult to
C) either / but
find.
D) nor / but
A) as well as E) both / or
B) also
C) but
D) unlike
E) on behalf of 7. Saturn has 95 times the mass of
the Earth and might ---- be
expected to have about four times
the Earth’s diameter.
3. ---- destroying wildlife habitats, we
A) due to
are poisoning animals and their food
B) as well
with pesticides, herbicides and other
C) so
chemicals.
D) therefore
A) In addition E) in order to
B) Since
C) Besides
D) Nevertheless
E) Meanwhile 8. Indian people accept the threat
of flooding and crop destruction ---
- the life – giving rains of the
summer monsoon.
4. It is generally assumed that sadism
A) in return for
is more likely to occur in men and,
B) on no account
masochism in women, ---- the male's
C) so that
more aggressive and the female’s more
D) in spite of
passive role in society.
E) vice versa
A) in no account
B) in spite of
C) however
D) moreover
E) because of
35
9. There is no specific treatment for 13. The government has brought
influenza ---- a vaccine is available for new regulations for the
those particularly at risk. construction of public buildings ----
they can be damaged in a possible
A) on the ground that
earthquake.
B) thus
C) hence A) in order to
D) despite B) for fear that
E) but C) so that
D) nonetheless
E) however
10. ---- men tried to learn the age of

the earth and the sun, they tried to
explain how the sun produces light 14. ---- does he know how to ride a
and heat. motorcycle, ---- he knows how to
repair one.
A) In case
B) Before A) Either/or
C) Therefore B) Only when/that
D) However C) Neither/nor
E) As opposed to D) Not only/but also
E) Hardly/when
11. Persia became known officially as

Iran in 1935, then reverted to the old 15. We must find solutions to the
name in 1949, but shortly ---- problem of pollution; ---- we may
resumed the name by which it is all be wearing gas masks one day.
known today.
A) otherwise
A) later B) for instance
B) when C) besides
C) after D) thus
D) before E) in fact
E) afterwards
16. In some parts of the town

there is a shortage of water, ----
12. Tropical soils easily lose much of residents in these areas can only
their mineral content ---- periodic water their lawns every three days.
heavy rains.
A) moreover
A) due to B) lest
B) like C) thus
C) though D) for fear of
D) unless E) on the contrary
E) on the contrary
1-C 2-A 3-C 4-E 5-B 6-B 7-B 8-A

9-E 10-B 11-A 12-A 13-B 14-D 15-A 16-C
36
5. I hope government deals with the
TEST inflation ---- now ---- in decreasing
1 PREPOSITIONS
tax, which makes life more difficult.
A) of / up
1. The teacher’s main goal, ---- B) to / on
working with adults who can neither C) at / —
read nor write, is to make them D) by / —
literate. E) from / on
A) in
B) with
C) of
D) by
6. Dictionaries are very useful ----
E) from
vocabulary work. Apart from
definitions, they tell you about the
division ---- a word into syllables.
A) at / for
2. The truck driver calculated that the B) with / by
trip ---- Auckland would take five C) for / of
hours ---- 60 miles per hour. D) on / in
E) over / on
A) within / by
B) at / with
C) in / to
D) to / at
E) for / of
7. You have to apologize ---- the
manager ---- being so late.
A) with / on
B) to / for
C) for / with
3. He is ---- the few who want to D) at / about
continue working in the coal mine. E) from / in
A) between
B) along
C) in
D) among
8. It’s theorized that the universe
E) under
is expanding ---- a rate of fifty
miles ---- second.
A) in / in
B) on / over
4. Changes ---- the way we manage C) about/by
our land have had a real impact ---- D) with / in
the global environment. E) at / per
A) to / of
B) at / to
C) from / of
D) in / on
E) up / under
37
9. Areas most vulnerable ---- 13. The inner core of the earth is
droughts are located ---- densely made up ---- nickel-iron.
inhabited seacoasts.
A) of
A) at / on B) by
B) in / beside C) with
C) to / along D) from
D) for / in E) into
E) by / upon
14. The temperature ---- the

10. A good student is eager ---- learn bottom of the crust is probably
and does not need to be warned ---- about 500° - 1000° Celsius.
being absent too much. A) at
A) about / against B) on
B) to / for C) by
C) onto / of D) beyond
D) for / about E) over
E) to / by
15. It is generally believed that the

material immediately ---- the crust
consists of silicate rock.
11. The atmosphere moderates the A) beyond

extremes of heat and cold ---- the B) among
earth. C) at
D) with
A) upon E) below
B) into
C) beneath
D) at
E) under
16. Volcanoes have pushed out

incredibly great masses of solids --
-- inner part of the earth.
A) by
12. About 25 kilometers ---- the earth B) during
there is a layer of ozone. C) throughout
D) from
A) below E) with
B) onto
C) in
D) beneath
E) above
1-A 2-D 3-D 4-D 5-E 6-C 7-B 8-E
9-C 10-B 11-A 12-E 13-A 14-A 15-E 16-D
38
5. Manchester, the largest city in
TEST New Hampshire, is located ---- the
2 PREPOSITIONS
southern part of the state ---- the
Merrimack River.
1. There may be a considerable A) in / on
increase ---- the activity of the B) at / over
volcano. C) on / above
D) in / out
A) with
E) at / on
B) in
C) by
D) on
E) at
6. The Republic of Mali is a

landlocked state located ---- the
edge of the Sahara ---- West Africa.
2. Because of the changes that take
place ---- the atmosphere, we A) on / from
experience various types of weather - B) at/during
--- the earth. C) over / in
D) in / among
A) above / beyond
E) on/in
B) within / on
C) on /at
D) for / on
E) for / with
7. While myths and customs and

superstitions do not tell us very
much ---- language origin, they tell
us about the importance ascribed -
3. ---- the atmosphere there would be --- language.
no rain to fall ---- dry ground and
A) about / to
make plants grow.
B) in / for
A) Beyond / into C) on / for
B) Among / on D) of / by
C) under / at E) over / in
D) Without / upon
E) Through / to
8. Spanish architecture, ---- strong

4. Early investigators of bacteria
Islamic influence, used tile ----
thought ---- them as tiny animals and
such extent that a Spanish
generally grouped them together ----
expression for poverty is ‘to have a
the microscopic animals called
house without tiles.’
protozoans.
A) in / for
A) for / on
B) via / towards
B) about / by
C) out of / into
C) on / into
D) by way of/ upon
D) of / with
E) under / to
E) on / along
39
9. Even the institutions ---- the past, 13. The human eye is sensitive ---
its social structures and practices, almost 7 million shades of color
could be seen, ---- one sense, as and about 10 million Variations ----
social texts. light intensity.
A) at / to A) to / of
B) in / over B) towards / in
C) from / for C) at / for
D) of / in D) for / over
E) at / of E) on / to
14. The breakdown of large pieces

10. Water can leave the ground ---- a ---- food ---- smaller ones is the
solid, liquid or gas. physical part of digestion.
A) about A) in / by
B) with B) of / into
C) like C) out of / over
D) as D) over/on
E) from E) by / towards
15. A firm is effective ---- the

degree ---- which the efforts of its
11. The amount of precipitated water
members are integrated with the
that will seep ---- the ground ---- the
firm’s goals.
surface will depend on various
factors. A) to / with
B) by / in
A) into / from
C) over / on
B) over / for
D) across / to
C) from / with
E) within / upon
D) by / on
E) about / in
16. Inevitably, there comes a time

when a system appears to be
ineffective ---- achieving the ends -
12. Water changed ---- carbon --- which it was created.
dioxide, derived ---- the atmosphere,
A) with / to
can dissolve carbonate rocks.
B) via / of
A) by / with C) beyond / in
B) from / by D) in / for
C) into / on E) by / at
D) for / over
E) with / from
1-B 2-B 3-D 4-D 5-A 6-E 7-A 8-E

9-D 10-D 11-A 12-E 13-A 14-B 15-A 16-D
40
5. Only very few plants can ---- in
TEST the environment which is extremely
1 VOCABULARY
humid.
A) taint
B) exceed
1. The number of people who have
C) terminate
personal computers has grown ----.
D) extinct
A) frequently E) survive
B) frankly
C) rapidly
D) safely
E) firmly
6. Another crop failure could result

in widespread ----.
2. The plants in our garden are showing A) humidity

signs of ---- deficiency. B) decade
C) blizzard
A) population
D) drought
B) nutrient
E) famine
C) appearance
D) identity
E) nucleus
7. A high ---- should be given to

3. They know nothing and they can read providing public transportation;
nothing they’re completely ----. money for highways is less
important.
A) illiterate
B) intellectual A) discrimination
C) interior B) mobility
D) poisonous C) priority
E) domestic D) distribution
E) prejudice
4. The teacher must provide for the quick

learners in the class but ---- she or he
must teach those who learn at a slower
rate. 8. The rising birth rate is not caused
by increased fertility but by a ----
A) equally
decline in the death rate.
B) relatively
C) rarely A) punctual
D) constantly B) content
E) merely C) sharp
D) indifferent
E) thorough
41
9. There will be a (n) ---- news 13. Muslims go to mosques to ----
bombardment tonight because of the every Friday, in the same way,
plane crash. Christians go to churches for a
similar duty on Sundays.
A) lessened
B) experienced A) implore
C) complicated B) sacrifice
D) extended C) worship
E) aggressive D) perceive
E) appeal
10. If you ---- now, you may lose the

opportunity to get the job.
A) delay 14. He is such a ---- student that he

B) provide never gives his possessions to any
C) lack friend of his.
D) struggle
E) gather A) snobbish
B) naughty
C) sensitive
D) stubborn
E) selfish
11. Has the Channel Tunnel improved
the ---- of goods between the British
Isles and mainland Europe?
A) exploration 15. Our ---- said such complex and

B) distribution splendid sentences in the past which
C) expedition are called proverbs.
D) reproduction
E) blame A) conclusions
B) invasions
C) idioms
D) corporations
E) ancestors
12. John seems to have undergone a
change of ---- recently, and has become
more cooperative.
A) distance 16. Under normal circumstances,

B) training water boils at 100°C, and then it ----
C) attitude .
D) missionary
E) figure A) melts
B) evaporates
C) occurs
D) rises
E) excels
1-C 2-B 3-A 4-A 5-E 6-E 7-C 8-C

9-D 10-A 11-B 12-C 13-C 14-E 15-E 16-B
42
5. Abyssinian cat is thought to be ---
TEST - from the sacred cat of Ancient
2 VOCABULARY Egypt.
A) deprived
B) ranged
1. People in advanced years ---- more C) associated
medical attention than do those of D) abstained
younger ages. E) descended
A) heal
B) evolve
C) compensate 6. A general theory to ---- the
D) require variety of the pebbles is that a large
E) sacrifice proportion of them came from the
terraces of an extinct river.
A) account for
B) differentiate from
2. In 1936, a memorial was ---- on the C) interfere with
ridge in honor of Canadians who gave D) divide into
their lives in the World War I. E) compensate for
A) appreciated
B) dedicated
C) developed
7. Almost all cells are microscopic,
D) extinguished
their diameters ---- from a few
E) manipulated
microns to several hundred microns.
A) deriving
B) distinguishing
C) reinforcing
3. In 1455, he was ---- in a quarrel
D) varying
concerning a woman and he killed a E) striving
young man.
A) involved
B) intervened
C) struggled
D) interested
8. Many caves used by prehistoric
E) converted man have been ---- since the 19th
century and their deposits
examined.
A) contemplated
4. In addition to the natural
B) excavated
disadvantages of its location for C) consulted
agriculture, it ---- such calamities as the D) fascinated
great flood and the great sickness. E) founded
A) underwent
B) penetrated
C) improved
D) cured
E) occurred
43
9. He is ---- the rights and the privileges 13. A fine balance between faith in
that a member of the community destiny and free will help us remove
possesses. stress and live a spiritually ---- life.
A) deprived of A) separated
B) derived from B) concluded
C) disposed of C) enclosed
D) accused of
D) condemned
E) compared with
E) relieved
14. Brainpower is not ---- but has the

10. The dinosaurs lived during an era of ability to change and progress, so one
---- mild, uniform climate throughout the can improve it by a combination of
world. techniques.
A) conversely
A) variable
B) relatively
B) fixed
C) scarcely
D) consecutively C) flattened
E) spontaneously D) durable
E) mannered
15. Papers offer accounts of how

doctors, musicians, and health care
11. The ---- of the lion frightened the professionals use music to ----
two children near the cage. everything from anxiety to cancer, and
even mental illness.
A) groan
B) sneeze A) call for
C) roar B) get at
D) squeeze C) make out
E) brightness D) deal with
E) take out
16. Although knowledge is a value in

itself, the purpose of learning is to
12. Cardinal Richelieu showed his make knowledge a guide in life and ----
interest in learning and the arts when he the road to human betterment.
rebuilt the Sorbonne and ---- the
Academie Francaise in Paris. A) illuminate
B) invade
A) found
C) possess
B) allied
D) restrict
C) anticipated
D) established E) split
E) prolonged
1-D 2-B 3-A 4-A 5-E 6-A 7-D 8-B
9-A 10-B 11-C 12-D 13-E 14-B 15-D 16-A
44
TEST 4.
1 CLOZE TEST
A) to turn
B) turning
C) having turned
Boy-scouts is an out-of-school movement for
D) to be turned
boys, which started in England and (1) ---- all
E) to have been turned
over the world. The Boy Scouts make no (2)
---- of race, social class or religious belief, and
it is (3) ---- widespread of all international
youth movements. The movement was
founded by Robert Baden-Powell. After
organizing a corps of messenger- boys during
5.
his service in the Boer War, he became
convinced that it should be possible (4) ---- A) made up
the spirit of adventure common to boys of all B) set out
countries to peaceful ends. Keenly interested in C) found out
the training of youth, he (5) ---- the basic D) showed up
principles of his method in a book, “Scouting E) take over
for Boys", in 1908.
1.
A) spreads
B) has spread
C) spreading
D) had spread
E) would spread
2.
A) solution
B) abolition
C) distinction
D) attitude
E) trait
3.
A) very
B) more
C) the most
D) little
E) too
45
Members of the cactus group, (6) ---- the 9.
giant cactus of the North American
Southwest, are well adapted to desert life. A) will have been absorbed
They have no broad leaves through (7) ---- B) is going to be absorbed
water may be lost to the atmosphere. The C) is absorbed
plants are (8) ---- able to retain much of D) is being absorbed
the water that (9) ---- during or after a E) had been absorbed
rain, and to conserve it throughout long
periods of drought. At the same time, they
are able to carry on normal food making
activities which are carried on (10) ---- in 10.
the green stems.
A) conditionally
B) virtually
C) hardly
D) perpetually
6. E) entirely
A) as though
B) so as
C) even if
D) so that
E) such as
7.
A) that
B) which
C) where
D) whose
E) how
8.
A) that is
B) notwithstanding
C) therefore
D) for
E) in spite of
46
14.
Hibernation is a state of inactivity in an
animal (11)--- by shorter days, colder A) indications
temperatures and limited food Hibernation B) negotiations
(12) ---- eliminates the need for food C) excavations
gathering in the winter, (13) ---- allows an D) ignorances
animal to conserve its body energy by E) awarenesses
slowing down its heart rate and breathing;
these are all (14) ----of the mercifulness of
God. (15) ---- average body temperature for
a naval is about 37oC hibernating animal's 15.
temperature drops to around 6 oC This is less A) Nonetheless
than half the normal temperature. B) Unlike
C) Furthermore
D) While
E) Since
11.
A) come across
B) put up with
C) run out of
D) brought at
E) put off
12.
A) either
B) not only
C) hardly
D) each
E) also
13.
A) nor
B) when
C) then
D) or
E) but also
1-B 2-C 3-C 4-A 5-A 6-E 7-B 8-C

9-C 10-E 11-D 12-B 13-E 14-A 15-D
47
TEST
2 CLOZE TEST 4.
A) but also
B) so
Changes in the Earth’s magnetic field are C) or
believed to be responsible for long-term D) and
deviations in radiocarbon dating. (1) ---- E) nor
investigating the orientation of magnetic
minerals in ancient rocks, geologists (2) ----
that the magnetic field surrounding the Earth
has not been constant throughout the time.
Today, it is widely accepted that (3) ---- the 5.
strength (4) ---- direction of the Earth's
magnetic field has changed. Interestingly, A) even
these changes are appreciable (5) ---- within B) moreover
a century. C) as if
D) henceforth
E) whether
1.
A) With
B) or
C) By
D) Over
E) At
2.
A) are proven
B) had proven
C) have proven
D) had been proven
E) was proven
3.
A) either
B) not only
C) whether
D) neither
E) both
48
A dominant gene will always show its effects
in the physical characteristics, or phenotype, 9.
of an organism (6) ---- the recessive is A) that
present. The recessive gene expresses itself B) whose
only (7) ---- the dominant is absent. C) in which
Dominance and recessiveness (8) ---- with D) whom
very often in the heredity of man, as in that E) of which
of other organisms. Yet, as we shall see later
on, there are pairs of genes (9) ---- neither
gene dominates but each lessens the effects
of (10) ----.
10.
A) other’s
6. B) other
C) the others
A) whereas D) the other
B) even if E) others
C) but
D) as though
E) however
7.
A) as soon as
B) until
C) though
D) yet
E) when
8.
A) had been met

B) are being met
C) are met
D) will be met
E) have been met
49
Falcons are any of about 60 species of birds of
prey that (11) ---- the family Falconiformes in
the order Falconiformes, (12) ---- also 14.
includes eagles, hawks and kites. The true A) widely
falcons (13) ---- by a bullet -shaped body, B) intensively
long and pointed wings, a medium to long tail, C) continuously
a short neck, and a short notched bill. D) adequately
Coloration may vary (14) ----but the sexes of E) properly
any one species are usually similar in
appearance, except that the females are
larger. Certain species of falcons are also
known as falconets and hobbies;(15) ----
confusingly, a number of falcons are also
called hawks. 15.
A) hardly
B) never
C) rather
11. D) plenty
E) hard
A) collapse
B) constitute
C) mould
D) evacuate
E) found
12.
A) that
B) of which
C) whom
D) whose
E) which
13.
A) will be typified
B) have been typified
C) are typified
D) had been typified
E) being typified
1-C 2-C 3-B 4-A 5-A 6-B 7-E 8-C

9-A 10-D 11-B 12-E 13-C 14-A 15-C
50
4. ----, groundwater is very difficult
TEST to clean up.
SENTENCE COMPLETION
1
A) Unless groundwater has complex
transport mechanisms
1. Some of the jobs around the house B) Since marine waters have excellent
were compulsory,----. assimilative capacity for organic wastes
C) When contaminated by pollution from
A) so that they can be performed without the surface
wasting energy D) Though lakes vary in size and support
B) in order to separate his professional life a range of uses
from his family life E) Because direct discharges from point
C) while others were done on a voluntary basis sources into lakes have been reduced
D) as his behaviour became more and more
unusual
E) that's why women were able to participate
in community affairs
5. It is a mistake to exaggerate your
abilities ----.
A) since the whole matter was wrongly

2. ----, people can’t forget the sorrowful
handled from the very beginning
impressions of the earthquake.
B) as if you have never uttered a single

A) Because some precautions should have statement lacking in truth
been taken C) if you were to study your opponent's
B) Since we learned helping the homeless and habits
the poor D) but it is also bad to underestimate
C) Although more than a year has passed them
D) if only we become more conscious about E) so as not to be overheard by our
construction of buildings neighbours
E) Though we are still living with the fear of an
earthquake
3. ---- however, maintaining a healthy 6. Although we don’t know exactly

heart and avoiding high blood pressure who invented the wheel, ----.
and high cholesterol can decrease this
risk. A) it is widely used in industry and
transportation
A) The primary risk factors of Alzheimer’s are B) when the basic design of it was
age family history. and genetics changed to meet the needs of society is
B) For many people, detecting memory a mystery
problems in themselves brings an immediate O) no one recorded when it happened
fear of Alzheimer's disease D) why people have spent centuries,
C) Watch your weight, avoid tobacco and building machines around it is uncertain
alcohol E) it is known that some nations used it
D) Most people over 65 experience some level 4000 years
of sensitivity
E) It is normal for age-related brain shrinkage
in attention and short term memory
51
7. ----, Cappadocia region is a common 10. Black and white are not only two
name of the area including provinces of opposite poles,----.
Aksaray, Nevsehir and Nigde.
A) since it has been a source of
A) As tourists can fly over Cappadocia by inspiration for artists with their aesthetic
balloons and see the area and conceptual power throughout history
B) Unique in the world and a miraculous nature B) though discovering the great scale of
wonder colors and tones between the opposing
C) Though tourists from Spain, Australia and pole is important
Latin America prefer balloon tours during C) moreover. the power of black and
summer white arises from the fact that it bears
D) Due to the fairy chimneys with caps, mainly many concepts such as simplicity,
found in the vicinity of Urgup town contrast and balance
E) Even if around 50,000 tourists viewed D) both minimize your way of expression
Turkey’s fairy chimneys by balloons with great and your message becomes clearer
amazement E) but also two contemporary elements
that cannot exist without each other
8. Although Edgar Allan Poe is widely 11. Not only can computers control
credited as an originator of the modern experiments and record data, ----.
detective story ----.
A) however, each piece of data is then

A) the poems of American writers capture the displayed as a successive point on the
imagination with their dark imagery and graph
fascination B) moreover, these operations can also
B) Poe’s extraordinary manipulation of rhythm be controlled by extemal events
and sounds was particularly evident in The C) but unautorized people have no right
Bells to access data as well
C) he thought of himself first as a lyric poet, D) because they otter teachers an
and published poems and treatises on poetry additional teaching strategy
D) Poe was orphaned in his early childhood and E) but they can also present that data in
taken to Richmond, Virginia more informative ways.
E) about a dozen of usual poems are regarded
as remarkable for their flawless literary
construction by some authors
12. Language is primarily spoken, ---

-.
9. The ending of the war is not a reason A) and indeed each language reflects its
for celebration, ----. culture as well
B) although it can be transferred to
A) though quite a lot of people had died in the other media, such as writing
war C) thus pronunciation may differ in
B) no matter what measures are taken against terms of learning a foreign language
violence D) but in practice it tends to be
C) as the achievements of the war are greater restricted to second- language
than expected instruction
D) but rather it is a reason for regret that it E) but the sounds a language has
ever happened peculiar to it
E) whereas from a military point of view, it
must be called a failure
52
13. Leprosy, a skin disease, becomes 16. ----, nevertheless, the iceberg
inactive in most patients ----. sufficiently damaged the Titanic to make
it sink in less than three hours.
A) so the treatment period may be extended
B) to prevent the patients from infection again A) The sinking of the Titanic has been the
C) besides, more research must be done to subject of several books and films
prevent contagious diseases B) The ship had been proclaimed unsinkable
D) who undergo treatment for three to five because of its 16 watertight compartments
years or more C) Subsequent investigations found that the
E) since the patients discontinue the treatment ship had been steaming too fast in dangerous
before recovery waters
D) The captain had ignored radio transmission
warning of ice
E) The lifeboat space had been provided for
only about half of the passengers and crew
14. The government is probably to
implement a comprehensive inspection
program in the near future ----.
A) thus forgers are satisfied that they may

maintain their illegal actions
B) to encourage employers to hire more
employees
C) to prevent the counterfeiting of coins and

gold jewelry items
D) because commercial enterprises such as
food manufacturers began using more natural
ingredients
E) in order not to prevent commercial
enterprises from defrauding the government of
taxes
15. When scientists realized that DNA is

the substance that determines heredity, --
--.
A) little information about the DNA molecule is

known
B) they became very eager to understand its
structure
C) biochemists want to know how the
nucleotides might be attached to one another
D) these clues to the DNA mystery were pieced
together by James D. Watson
E) another piece of experimental evidence has
been obtained by comparing the chemical
composition of DNA molecules
1-C 2-C 3-A 4-C 5-D 6-E 7-B 8-C

9-D 10-E 11-E 12-B 13-D 14-C 15-B 16-B
53
4. Because children can be distinguished
TEST from adults by certain biological and
SENTENCE COMPLETION
2 cognitive characteristics, ----.
A) the social significance and duration of

1. Unless we improve this world, whose childhood are extremely variable
order we have destroyed and which we B) childhood is perceived as separate from
have polluted, ----. adulthood
C) children generally work alongside their
A) it is possible for it to be more beautiful than extended family in factory, field, or mine
this D) young people marry and have children at
B) it will inevitably collapse on us in heaps of early ages
wreckage E) children still work alongside their parents in
C) some people feel nothing pertaining to the many developing countries
environment
D) human imagination travels through the
reflections of the Creator's beauty
E) they hear everything in nature whispering
5. If you don’t want to purchase security
peculiar messages from that symphony of
software, ----.
beauty
A) you don’t have to use a barrier that
prevents hackers from getting into your
computer system
2. Although it may feel like you are the B) there should be a number of methods to
only one with this problem, ----. speed your internet up
C) then there are programs that offer free
A) the symptoms of social anxiety are peculiar versions
to you D) there’s also a way to grab a picture from
B) it is connected with insolvable social various websites
situation E) one may have to re-enter previously saved
C) social anxiety or social phobia is actually usernames and passwords
quite common
D) it leads to fear of public speaking or
performing in front of an audience
E) you can undergo unfavorable social anxiety
6. ---- the Jura Mountains were formed at
the same time and are related
geologically to the Alps.
3. ----, the artist received little acclaim in A) Though the Jura Mountains form the
his lifetime. boundary with Switzerland to the east in
France
A) Since Vincent Van Gogh achieved his very B) As the Pyrenees were not heavily covered
tough aims with glaciers during the Ice Age
B) As Vincent Van Gogh’s family had long C) Because The Seine, in northern France,
associated him with art drains much of the Paris Basin
C) Even though Vincent Van Gogh's work was D) Since The Seine’s even flow is well-suited
then known to only a handful of people to navigations
D) Because he developed the unique and E) Although less rugged than the Alps
highly recognizable style that was fully
appreciated
E) Although Vincent Van Gogh is now
considered a genius
54
7. Purchased from Russia in 1867, ----. 10. Eye contact and facial expressions
provide important social and emotional
A) the American government has had those information ----.
weapons for more than a century
B) the Soviet Union tried hard to buy it back A) however, in some contexts, the meeting of
C) Russian people didn’t approve of that eyes arouses strong emotions
approach B) in which communication facilities may not
D) people think that too much money is being be expanded
spent on it C) and people, perhaps unconsciously, look at
E) Alaska became the 4th state of the United each other’s eyes and faces for positive or
States negative mood signs
D) so you should avoid eye contact in order to
help maintain your privacy
E) this is carried out by able physicians in a
8. ----, which carries the genetic rather short time
information in living organisms.
A) The bacterial chromosome is much simpler

and is not associated with proteins 11. I will not take Jill’s clock without
B) There are two chromosome sets in every asking ----.
cell except gametes
C) Chromosome is a structure consisting of A) although she doesn't let me take it without
DNA and proteins, found in the nucleus of a permission

cell B) so that I would get along with her
D) The chromosome set in man is C) because we are very close friends
represented by twenty-three different D) in case l should annoy her
chromosomes E) despite the fact that she refuses to give it
E) Polyploidy is the condition of cells or to me
organisms which have more than two
chromosome sets
9. The rose has been grown and 12. We can find new areas of
appreciated for its fragrance and beauty investment ----.
since ancient times ----. A) unless the company learns to deal
A) and today is the most popular and widely with new customers
cultivated garden flower in the world B) as long as we are willing to take
B) so the genus contains some 100 species, challenges from the new era
most of them native to the North C) thus they are not interested in
Temperature Zone making good money
C) because the family is most abundant in D) even if they are not willing to
north temperature regions cooperate with us
D) then several hundred new contemporary E) in order that the government could
rose cultivators are introduced make the ends meet
E) because of the great numbers of
cultivators, classification of cultivated roses is
complicated
55
13. No matter how intensely the bullets 16. The general’s associations with
flew around him, ----. World War II crimes ruined his
popularity, ----.
A) Richard Posner had been working to
bring the two sides together A) and many states passed laws
B) Joel Klein is now willing to consider mandating liberty
punishment less severe B) but some archaeologists had not
C) Steve thought that breaking up the agreed on these different sources
company would be useful C) however, some of his principles are
D) the company knows to cut its losses considered valid by some scientists
E) the president always survived without a D) therefore many tests seek to measure
scratch some closely related criteria
E) although he declared many times that
he condemned such crimes
14. Because no single library can

contain the information sought by
every user, ----.
A) different types of libraries exist to serve

different needs
B) such as selling memberships to
individuals
C) funds are rising to supplement public
library budgets
D) the article describes contemporary
library systems in countries throughout the
world
E) It is possible to find every book you
search tor
15. ----, they do very well from spring

to fail.
A) Because people should always be

involved in at least one type of sports
B) Although common winter sports injuries
include sprains and strains
C) While seashore businesses in the North
suffer a recession in the winter
D) Whenever you need to know what to
plant
E) Now that the summer has arrived, and
the sun is shinning
1-B 2-C 3-E 4-B 5-C 6-E 7-E 8-C

9-A 10-C 11-D 12-B 13-E 14-A 15-C 16-E
56
3. Because it is necessary to recognize a
TEST problem before it is solved, admitting that
TRANSLATION
1 we are afraid is an essential part of
overcoming our fears.
1. While the Greek city states were losing A) Korkularımızı yenmenin önemli bir yolu,
their role in international affairs, they problemin korkulacak yönlerini, onu çözmeden
were faced by increasingly serious önce kabul etmektir.
internal social problems. B) Çözülmeden önce bir problemin tanınması
gerektiğinden, korktuğumuzu kabul etmek
A) Yunan şehir devletleri uluslararası korkularımızın üstesinden gelmenin önemli bir
meselelerde rollerini kaybederken artan ciddi parçasıdır.
sosyal problemlerle de karşı karşıya C) Problemi çözmeden önce, problemin önemli
geliyorlardı. bölümünden korktuğumuzu kabul etmek
B) Yunan şehir devletleri uluslararası korkularımızı yenmek için gereklidir.
meselelerdeki rollerini kaybederken artan ciddi D) Problemi çözmek için önceden onun varlığını
sosyal problemlerle de karşı karşıya kabul etmek, bizi korkutan önemli bir unsurdur.
gelmişlerdi. E) Problemden korktuğumuzu fark etmek ve
C) Yunanlılar uluslararası konumlarını bunun üstesinden gelmek için problemin
kaybederken bir yandan da ciddi sosyal varlığını kabul etmek gerekir.
problemlerle karşılaştılar.
D) Yunan şehir devletleri uluslararası
meselelerdeki rollerini kaybettiklerinde ciddi

sosyal problemlerle karşılaşmışlardı.
E) Yunan şehir devletlerinin uluslararası
meselelerdeki rollerini kaybetmesi ciddi sosyal
problemlere neden olmuştur.
2. Clarifying the problems posed by Grim's 4. The computer programmer was unaware
laws has contributed greatly to the that there were so many mistakes in the
development of historical linguistic program he had written.
method.
A) Yazılan programın o kadar hatalı olduğunu
A) Grim tarafından ortaya çıkarılan yasal bilgisayar programcısı bilmiyordu.
problemlerin açıkıiga kavuşması tarihi dil bilimi B) Program, hataların farkında olmayan
yöntemine yararlı olmuştur. bilgisayar programcısı tarafından yazılmıştı.
B) Grim Yasaları tarafından ortaya çıkan C) Bilgisayar programcısı yazdığı programda o
problemlerin temizlenmesinde tarihi dilbilim kadar çok hata olduğunun farkında değildi.
yöntemi çok yararlı olmuştur. D) Yazdığı programın nasıl olduğunu bilmemesi
C) Grim Yasaları tarafından ortaya koyulan bilgisayar programcısının hatasıydı.
problemlerin açıığa kavuşturulmasındaki E) Bilgisayar programcısı o kadar dalgındı ki
gelişmeler tarihi dilbilim yöntemine çok katkı program yazarken hata yaptığının farkında
sağlamıştır. değildi.
D) Grim Yasaları tarafından ortaya konulan
problemlerin açığa kavuşturulması tarihi
dilbilim yönteminin gelişimine büyük katkı
sağlamıştır.
E) Agiga kavusturulan Grim kanunlarinin
problemleri tarihi dilbilim yontemlerine katkıda
bulunmustur.
57
5. You will also need the seeds, bulbs, or 7. Anyone fortunate enough to live in
seedlings that will develop into the plants İstanbul knows that one of its greatest
you want to grow. delights is the European side from the
Asian one.
A) Sizin aynı zamanda yetiştirmek isteyeceğiniz
tohumlar, çiçek soğanları ve fideler bitkilere A) İstanbul’da yaşayacak kadar şanslı olan biri
dönüşecektir. bilir ki, İstanbul’un en büyük zevklerinden biri,
B) Tohumlar, çiçek soğanları veya fideleri muhteşem Boğaz’dır.
geliştirmek için bazı bitkilere ihtiyacınız B) İstanbul’un en büyük zevklerinden biri olan
olacaktır. muhteşem Boğaz, Avrupa yakasını Asya
C) Ayrıca yetiştireceğiniz tohumlar, çiçek yakasıdan ayırır ve orada yeterince şanslı
soğanları ya da fideler için geliştirici bitkiler olanlar yaşayabilir.
isteyeceksinizdir. C) İstanbul, şanslı olan birinin yaşayabileceği bir
D) Yetiştirmek istediğiniz bitkilerin geliştirilmesi şehirdir ve Boğaz Asya yakasını Avrupa
için sizin tohumlar, bitki soğanları ve fidelere yakasından ayıran İstanbul’un en büyük
ihtiyacınız olacaktır. zevklerinden biridir.
E) Sizin ayrıca, yetiştirmek istediğiniz bitkilere D) Avrupa yakasını Asya yakasından ayıran ve
dönüşecek tohumlar, çiçek soğanları ya da İstanbul’un en büyük zevklerinden biri olan
fidelere ihtiyacınız olacaktır. muhteşem Boğaz’dan yalnızca İstanbul’da
yaşayabilecek kadar şanslı olanlar zevk alabilir.
E) İstanbul’da yaşamayı bilen biri Avrupa
yakasını Asya yakasından ayıran muhteşem
Boğaz’ın en büyük zevklerden biri olduğunu

bilir.
6. Beethoven become totally deaf during

the last ten years of his life, but his
deafness didn’t hinder his composing, as
many people think.
8. As the son of a mother who was a music
A) Çoğu insana göre Beethoven’in, hayatının teacher, I grew up with music; in other
son on yılında tamamen sağır olması bestecilik words I am a musician.
açısından büyük bir kayıp olmuştur.
B) Beethoven’ın duyma yetisini kaybetmesiyle A) Müzik öğretmeni bir annenin oğlu olarak
birlikte çoğu insanın düşündüğünün aksine müzikle büyüdüm, diğer bir ifadeyle ben bir
besteciliği yeni bir ivme kazandı. müzisyenim.
C) Beethoven yaşamının son on yılında duyma B) Annem müzik öğretmeni olduğu için, müzikle
yetisini tamamen kaybetti, ama birçok insanın büyüdüm dolayısıyla ben iyi bir müzisyenim.
düşündüğü gibi, sağırlığı besteciliğine engel C) Hayatım boyunca müzikle büyüdüm ve
olmadı. sonunda müzisyen oldum çünkü annem bir
D) Beethoven’ın hayatının son on yılında ortaya müzik öğretmeniydi.
çıkan sağırlığı onun büyük bir besteci D) Müzik öğretmeni bir annem olduğu için
olmasında önemli bir yere sahiptir. müzikle büyüdüm, diğer bir ifade ile ben bir
E) Çoğu insanın düşündüğü gibi, Beethoven müzisyenim.
hayatının son on yılında duyma yetisini E) Müzisyen olmamda en önemli etken müzik
kaybetmiş olsa da sağırlığı beste yapmasını öğretmeni bir annenin oğlu olarak büyümemdir,
engellememiştir. diğer bir ifadeyle müzisyen olarak yetişmemdir.
58
9. Covering geology, climate, wildlife 10. Messengers of peace are
and history, the book “the Arctic“ will be celebrities generally from the fields
a basic resource for anyone interested in of filmi music, literature and sport
one of the world’s most fascinating who are charged with promoting UN
regions. activities and ideals through media.
A) Jeoloji, iklim, yaban hayatı ve tarihi A) Barış elçileri özellikle film, müzik,
kapsadığı için “Kuzey kutbu” kitabı dünyanın edebiyat ve spor alanlarından olan,
büyüleyici bölgeleriyle ilgilenen biri için temel BM’nin aktivitelerini ve ideallerini medya
bir kaynaktır. aracılığıyla destekleyen ünlülerdir.
B) Jeoloji, iklim, yaban hayatı ve tarih içeren B) Barış elçileri, genellikle film, müzik,
“Kuzey Kutbu” kitabı dünyanın büyüleyici edebiyat ve ideallerini medya aracılığıyla
bölgeleriyle ilgilenen biri için temel bir teşvik edenler arasında seçilen ünlü
kitaptır. kişilerdir.
C) Dünyanın en büyüleyici bölgelerinden C) Barış elçileri, BM’nin aktivitelerini ve
biriyle ilgilenen biri için jeoloji, iklim, yaban ideallerini medya aracılığıyla teşvik
hayatı ve tarih içeren, “Kuzey Kutbu” kitabı etmekten sorumlu olan genellikle film,
temel bir kaynaktır. müzik, edebiyat ve spor alanlarından
D) Jeoloji, iklim, yaban hayatı ve tarihi ünlülerdir.
kapsayan “Kuzey Kutbu” kitabı, dünyanın en D) Barış elçileri BM aktivitelerini ve
büyüleyici bölgelerinden biriyle ilgilenen biri ideallerini medya aracılığıyla teşvik eden,
için temel bir kaynak olacaktır. genellikle film, müzik, edebiyat ve spor
E) Dünyanın en büyüleyici bölgelerinden alanlarında ünlü kişilerdir.

biriyle ilgilenen biri, jeoloji, iklim, yaban E) BM ideallerini aktivitelerini medyada
hayatı ve tarih içeren “Kuzey Kutbu” kitabını tanıtmakta sorumlu olan barış elçileri,
temel bir kitap olarak okuyacaktır. genellikle film, müzik, edebiyat ve spor
alanlarında ün kazanmışlardır.
59
11. Award-winning documentary maker 12. Research includes attempts to
Sanjeev Chatterjee recounts various determine the temperature of distant
stories from different countries where stars, to learn if life exists on other
people face very difficult conditions planets, and to test the effectiveness of
just in order to find fresh water. a new drug.
A) Ödüllü belgesel insanların içme suyu
A) Araştırmanın genel amacı uzak yıldızların
bulabilmek için karşılattıkları zorlukları bazı
sıcaklığını belirlemek, diğer gezegenlerde
hikayelerle anlatılıyor.
hayat olup olmadığını öğrenmek ve en
B) Ödüllü belgesel yapımcısı Sanjeev
önemlisi de yeni bir ilacın etkisini test
Chatterjee farklı ülkelerden insanların içme
etmektir.
suyu bulabilmek için karşılaştıkları zorlukları
B) Araştırma uzak yıldızların sıcaklığını
bazı hikayelerle anlatıyor.
ölçmek, diğer gezegenlerde hayat olup
C) Sadece içme suyu bulmak için çok zor
olmadığını keşfetmek ve yeni bir ilacın
şartlarla karşılaşan farklı ülkelerden
etkisini ölçmek içindir.
insanların çeşitli hikayeleri ödüllü belgesel
C) Araştırma uzaktaki yıldızların sıcaklığını
yapımcısı Sanjeev Chatterjee tarafından
belirlememizi, başka gezegenlerde hayat
anlatılıyor.
olup olmadığını öğrenmemizi ve yeni bir
D) Sadece içme suyu bulmak için çok zor
ilacın etkisini test etmemizi içerir.
şartlarda yüz yüze gelen insanların farklı
D) Uzak yıldızların sıcaklığını ölçmenin,
ülkelerdeki çeşitli hikayelerini ödüllü
başka gezegenlerde hayat olup olmadığını
belgesel yapımcı Sanjeev Chatterjee
öğrenmenin ya da yeni bir ilacın etkisini
anlatıyor.
ölçmenin en iyi yolu araştırmadır.

E) Farklı ülkelerden çeşitli hikayelerle
E) Araştırma, uzak yıldızların sıcaklığını
insanların içme suyu bulabilmek için yüz
ölçme, diğer gezegenlerde hayat olup
yüze geldiği zor şartlar, ödüllü belgesel
olmadığını öğrenme ve yeni bir ilacın
yapımcısı Sanjeev Chatterjee tarafından
etkinliğini test etme çabalarını içerir.
anlatılıyor.
60
13. As the only Portuguese speaking 14. A new exhibition by Adnan Turani,
country in Latin America, where the whose works are found in many
language of 18 nations is Spanish, Brazil museums abroad, is opening at the
is at a disadvantage for cultural and Doku Art Gallery on 18 May.
political leadership of the region.
A) Yurt dışında birçok müzede eserleri
A) Latin Amerika’da 18 ulusun dili bulunan Adnan Turani’nin yeni sergisi,
İspanyolcadır bu yüzden tek Portekizce Doku Sanat Galerisi’nde 18 Mayıs’ta
konuşan ülke olarak Brezilya, bölgenin açılıyor.
kültürel ve politik liderliği bakımından B) Adnan Turani’nin yurt dışında birçok
dezavantajlıdır. müzede eserleri bulunmaktadır ve Doku
B) 18 ulusun İspanyolca konuştuğu Latin Sanat Galerisi’nde 18 Mayıs’ta bir sergisi
Amerika’da bölgenin kültürel be politik açılıyor.
liderliği açısından dezavantajlı bir konumda C) 18 Mayıs’ta Doku Sanat Galerisinde,
olan Brezilya Portekizce konuşan tek ülkedir. yurt dışında birçok müzede eserlerini
C) Latin Amerika’da Portekizce konuşan tek sergileyen Adnan Turani’nin yeni sergisi
ülke olarak Brezilya, 18 milletin dilinin açılıyor.
İspanyolca olduğu bölgede politik liderlik D) Yurt dışında birçok müzede eserleri de
açısından bazı dezavantajlara sahiptir. bulunan Adnan Turani yeni sergisini 18
D) 18 ulusun dilinin İspanyolca olduğu Latin Mayıs’ta Doku Sanat Galerisi’nde açıyor.
Amerika’da Portekizce konuşan tek ülke E) Yurt dışında birçok müzede eserleri
olarak Brezilya, bölgenin kültürel ve politik sergilenen Adnan Turani’nin yeni sergisi 18
liderliği açısından dezavantajlıdır. Mayıs’ta Doku Sanat Galerisi’nde açılıyor.

E) Latin Amerika’nın kültürel ve politik liderlik
bakımından Portekizce konuşan tek ülkesi
olan Brezilya dilleri İspanyolca olan 18 millete
göre daha dezavantajlıdır. 15. Although there are at least 50
clearly defined specialties in
engineering, most of these derived
from so-called “classical” branches.
A) Mühendislikte açıkça ifade edilmiş en
az 50 uzmanlık alanı olmasına rağmen,
bunların çoğu sözde klasik branşlardan
türemiştir.
B) Mühendislikte net bir şekilde ifade
edilmiş 50 uzmanlık alanı vardır ve
bunların çoğu sözde klasik branşlardan
türemiştir.
C) Çoğunun sözde klasik branşlardan
türediği söylenen 50 uzmanlık alanı
mühendislikte açıkça ifade edilmiştir.
D) Mühendislik 50 farklı uzmanlık alanı
içermesine rağmen bunların çoğu sözde
klasik branşlardan türemiştir.
E) Mühendislikte net olarak ifade edilen
en az 50 uzmanlık alanı olmasına
rağmen bunlar klasik branşlardan
türemiştir.
61
16. Despite all the difficulties he has
faced, he doesn’t have any regret that he
was able to have a safer life working
elsewhere.
A) Birçok zorluklarla karşılaşması başka bir
yerde çalışarak daha güvenli bir hayata sahip
olma adına ona en küçük bir pişmanlık
yaşatmadı.
B) Hayatı boyunca birçok zorlukla karşılaştı
fakat başka bir yerde daha sakin bir hayat
sürmek adına küçücük bir pişmanlık
yaşamıyor.
C) Karşılaştığı bütün zorluklara rağmen,
başka bir yerde çalışarak daha güvenli bir
hayata sahip olabileceği konusunda hiç
pişmanlık duymuyor.
D) Birçok zorluklarla karşılaşmakla birlikte, ilk
zamanlarda çok fazla tereddüttü olmamasına
rağmen sonradan hiç pişmanlık duymadı.
E) Birçok zorlukla karşılaştığından dolayı daha
güvenli bir yerde çalışmadığı için pişmanlık
yaşıyor.
1-B 2-D 3-B 4-C 5-E 6-C 7-A 8-A

9-D 10-C 11-B 12-E 13-D 14-A 15-A 16-C
62
3. Deniz ısıdan, yoğunluktan ve
TEST basınçtan farklı derecelerde etkilenen
TRANSLATION
2 sayısız canlı türünün yuvasıdır.
A) Many forms of life in the sea are affected

1. Ötenazi sıradan insanlar kadar sağlık differently by temperature, density and
bakımı uzmanları arasında da en geniş pressure at their home.
ölçüde tartışılan meselelerden biridir. B) The sea is the home of countless forms of
life which are affected in varying degrees by
A) Euthanasia is the biggest discussed issue temperature, density and pressure.
among ordinary people as well as health C) Many forms of life which need different
professionals. degrees of temperature, density and
B) Euthanasia is the most important matter pressure live at sea
among health professionals as it is among D) The shelter of many living things which
ordinary people. affected by temperature, density and
C) Nowadays, euthanasia is the most widely pressure at different rates is the sea.
discussed subject by health professionals and E) Being affected by temperature, density
ordinary people. pressure differently, many forms of life live
D) Not only ordinary people but also health at sea collectively.
care professionals discuss euthanasia in a very
wide area.
E) Euthanasia is one of the most widely
discussed issues among health care

professionals as well as ordinary people.
4. Polis hırsızın sonraki hareketini tahmin

ederek, bankaya soygun olmadan önce
vardı.
A) By anticipating the thief’s next move, the

police arrived at the bank before the robbery
2. Etkileşimin olduğu yerde iletişim ve occurred.
iletişimin olduğu her yerde etkileşim B) Since the police knew what the thief would
vardır. do next they arrived at the bank before the
thief robbed it.
A) It is said that it is inevitable to think
C) Predicting that the thief would rob the bank
communication apart from the interaction.
later, the police arrived at the bank before the
B) Communication and interaction are two
thief.
phenomena that are inseparable from each
D) Being able to anticipate the time of the
other.
robbery enabled the police to arrive at the bank
C) There is communication where there is
before the thief.
interaction, and, there is interaction where
E) The police arrived at the bank before the
there is communication.
thief because they had predicted the thief's
D) Communication and interaction are two
next robbery.
important social complementary dynamics.
E) We can neither think communication without
interaction nor think interaction with.
63
5. Uzlaşma, artışları çok az bulan küçük 7. Askeri akademi fikri ilk defa
bir grubun dışında bütün grevciler 1700’lerin sonlarında ilk Amerika
tarafından hoş karşılandı. başkanlarından biri olan George
Washington tarafından teklif edildi.
A) All the strikers, but a small group that
found the raise small welcomed the A) All early leaders proposed the idea of
Compromise military academy, but George Washington
was the first leader to realize this in the
B) The raise was found of little importance by late 1700’s.
a small group, however all the other strikers B) Early American leaders, one of whom is
approved of the compromise. George Washington, proposed in the idea
of military academy in 1700’s.
C) Except for a small group, the strikers
C) George Washington was one of the early
found the raise enough and welcomed the
American leaders and he proposed the idea
compromise
of military academy in 1700’s.
D) The compromise was welcomed by all the D) The idea of a military academy was first
strikers except a small group who felt that proposed in the late 1700’s by George
the raises were too small. Washington, one of the early American
leaders.
E) Not all the strikers approved of the E) The thought of a military academy was
agreement because a small group found the proposed by George Washington, who was
raises small. an American leader in the late 1700’s.
8. Kimyacılar, kimyasal değişimlerin

6.Deri kanserine yakalanma riski kişinin neden meydana geldiğini ve
bütün hayatı boyunca toplam güneşe değişimlerin nasıl kontrol edileceğini
maruz kalma süresiyle yakından ilgilidir. öğrenmeye çalışırlar.
A) Any risk of developing skin cancer is A) The chemists try to find out why
related to a person’s total lifetime exposure chemical changes take place and how
to the sun. they will be controlled.
B) No matter what treatments a person gets, B) It is important for chemists to find out
if he is exposed to sun too much, he will why chemical changes take place and
certainly develop the risk of skin cancer. how they will be controlled.
C) After you are exposed to the sun very C) The chemists give utmost importance
much, it is very likely to develop the risk of to the cause of chemical changes and
skin cancer. the ways in which they will be controlled.
D) When a person gets right treatments, he D) The cause of chemical changes and
can get over from skin cancer which is controlling methods are found out by
directly related with the sun. chemists.
E) The risk of developing skin cancer is E) The reason why chemical changes
closely linked to a person’s accumulated take place and how they will be
lifetime exposure to the sun. controlled are found out by chemists.
64
9. İlginç şekilli vücutlarıyla denizanaları 11. Nesneleri değiştiren ve yeniden
deniz dünyasının şeffaf fakat gizemli şekillendiren videolar, fotoğraflar ve
güzellikleridir. heykeller içeren sergi Beyoğlu’ndaki
bir galeride uluslararası yedi sanatçı
A) Jellyfish have strangely shaped bodies so
tarafından açıldı.
they are the beauties of marine world with
their mysterious and transparent bodies. A) An exhibition which includes videos,
B) With strangely shaped bodies, jellyfish are photos and sculptures of seven
transparent but mysterious beauties of the international artists was on display at a
marine world. gallery in Beyoğlu that changes and
C) Despite their strangely shaped bodies, reshapes the objects.
jellyfish are the beauties of marine world B) The exhibition which included videos,
however they are both transparent beauties photos and sculpture was opened at a
of marine world. gallery in Beyoğlu by seven international
D) With strangely shaped bodies, jellyfish are artists who change and reshape the
the beauties of marine world, however they objects of vision.
are both transparent beauties of marine C) Seven international artists opened an
world. exhibition including videos, photos and
E) Due to the strangely shaped bodies, sculpture that change and reshape the
jellyfish are the beauties of marine world that objects at a gallery in Beyoğlu.
are mysterious and transparent. D) Seven international artists at a
gallery in Beyoğlu organized an
exhibition which includes videos, photos

and sculptures that are changed and
reshaped by the objects.
E) The exhibition including videos,
photos and sculptures that change and
reshape the objects was opened at a
gallery in Beyoğlu by seven international
10. 1986 Çernobil nükleer faciası
artists.
tarafından kirletilen yerlerdeki bütün
büyük yangınlar çabucak söndürüldü ve
radyasyon seviyesi normale döndü.
12. Early Chinese architects
A) The radiation level remained 1986
developed methods of building have
Chernobyl nuclear disaster polluted, and all
also been adopted by modern
wildfires were rapidly extinguished.
Western architects.
B) In some areas polluted by the 1986
Chernobyl nuclear disaster were wildfires, but A) İlk Çinli mimarlar modern batılı
they all were extinguished quickly and mimarlar tarafından da benimsenen inşa
radiation level remained normal. metotlarını geliştirdiler.
C) All wildfires in the areas contaminated by B) İlk Çinli mimarlar inşa metotlarını
the 1986 Chernobyl nuclear disaster were geliştirdiklerinden batılı modern mimarlar
quickly extinguished and radiation level got da bunları benimsedi.
back to normal. C) Modern batılı mimarların da
D) The 1986 Chernobyl nuclear disaster benimsedikleri inşa metotları ilk Çinli
contaminated all the areas in which wildfires mimarlar tarafından geliştirilmiştir.
were quickly extinguished and radiation level D) İlk Çinli mimarlar batıda modern
became normal. mimarların da uyguladıkları inşa
E) It is known to be the 1986 Chernobyl metotları geliştirmiştir.
nuclear disaster, which contaminated areas in E) İlk Çinli mimarlar inşa metotlarını
which wildfires were rapidly extinguished and geliştirdiler ve bunlar batılı modern
radiation level got back to normal. mimarlar tarafından da uygulandı.
65
13. Yüzmenin aksine dalış, dayanıklılık 15. Vincent van Gogh Paris’le
ve hızdan çok teknik gerektirir. özleştirilmesine rağmen, 1853’te
Brabant’ta doğmuştur.
A) Although swimming requires endurance
and speed, diving is related with technique. A) It is not known why Vincent van Gogh
B) Contrary to diving, swimming requires is associated with Paris though he was
both endurance and speed. born Brabant in 1853.
C) While swimming requires endurance and B) The reason why Vincent van Gogh is
speed, diving requires technique. associated with Paris is that he was born
D) Diving requires not only endurance and in Brabant in 1853.
speed but also technique in contrast to C) Much as Vincent van Gogh is
swimming. associated with Paris, he was born in
E) Unlike swimming, diving requires Brabant in 1853.
technique rather than endurance and speed. D) The painter who was born in Brabant
and associated with Paris is Vincent van
Gogh.
E) Vincent van Gogh was born in Brabant
in 1853 and has been associated with
Paris since then.
14. Framingham tarafından geliştirilen

kalp yaşı kavramı, kardiyolojik
hastalıklara karşı önlem alma adına

atılmış bir adımdır.
A) Heart age concept, developed by
Framingham, is a step taken for the sake of
taking precaution against cardiologic. 16. Kişisel ilişkiler konusunun Mısır
B) The concept of heart age has been edebiyatındaki birçok konudan
developed by Framingham, which is a step yalnızca biri olduğu gerçeği
towards taking precaution against cardiologic vurgulanmalıdır.
diseases.
A) The fact that the of personal
C) Framingham developed the concept of
relationships is only one of the many
heart age as a means of taking precaution
themes in Egyptian literature should be
against cardiologic diseases.
stressed.
D) A step taken towards precautions against
B) The fact that the theme of person
cardiologic diseases has been developed by
relations is very important in Egyptian
Framingham, which is called heart age
literature and this fact should be
concept.
underlined.
E) Heart age concept taken as a step for the
C) The fact that the theme of personal
sake of taking precaution against cardiologic
relationships is the most important
diseases was developed by Framingham.
theme in Egyptian literature can bu
stressed.
D) The theme of personal relationships is
the only theme in Egyptian literature,
but this fact must be expressed.
E) The fact that there are many themes
about personal relationships in Egyptian
literature ought to be stressed.
1-E 2-C 3-B 4-A 5-D 6-E 7-D 8-A

9-B 10-C 11-E 12-A 13-E 14-A 15-C 16-A
66
TEST READING COMPREHENSION
1 2. We can inter form the passage
that aliens ---- .
A) lacked personal freedom
The idea of citizenship goes back thousands
of years. The city-states of ancient Greece B) didn’t have the right to vote
had citizens, slaves or serfs, and aliens and
C) had quite a few privileges
noncitizens. Greek laws and traditions gave
citizens many privileges, but also imposed D) had as many right as slaves
heavy responsibilities. Citizens were
E) were also called stoics
expected to vote, to attend the assembly,
to serve on juries, and to give military
service. Slaves had few rights. Aliens had
almost none, but they did have personal
freedom and the protection of the law.
Some philosophers of ancient Greece, called
stoics, regarded all men as brothers. They
did much to promote the expansion of
citizenship from the few to the many.
1. In the city-states of ancient Greece

---- .
A) Greek laws imposed strict responsibilities
on noncitizens, serf and citizens. 3. According to the passage, stoics --
-- .
B) distinct groups with different rights and
responsibilities were present. A) were against compulsory military
service
C) responsibilities of the citizens weren’t too
many. B) were regarded by philosophers o
Greece as brother
D) right to vote was limited to the serfs and
aliens C) had personal freedom and the
protection of the law
E) military service was compulsory of all
groups of people. D) contributed a lot to enlarge the
extension of citizenship
E) didn’t have any right in terms of
citizenship
67
Some 3.000 food additives are currently 5. Those who object to the use of
being used by food producers. Many of additive and pesticide ---- .
these chemicals have not been
A) are usually expected to prove the
systematically tested or studied for their
danger of these chemicals
ability to cause cancer, birth defects, or
other serious health problems. The same is B) know that these chemicals will be sold
true for hundreds of pesticides whose on market until their hazard is proved
remains are on foods taken pesticides
C) are to test these chemicals on
whose remains are on foods take home by
themselves
consumers. The burden of proof as to the
hazards of a particular additive or pesticide D) claim that these additives and
has generally been on those who object to pesticides should be sold until they are
the use of these chemicals. The chemicals proven to be safe
cam remains on the market until it is shown
E) want these chemicals to be taken out
that they are too hazardous to be used.
of market whether they are dangerous
or not
4. We can understand from the passage 6. It can be inferred from the

that most food additives ---- . passage that the chemicals in our
life ---- .
A) are kinds of substances that always lead
to some diseases A) are called food pesticides which are
being used by food manufactures
B) are not tested despite their possible
adverse effects on us B) must remain on the market until the
danger is proved
C) are some chemicals which are used as
pesticides, as well C) are used such as pesticides to
increase the nutritional value of the
D) may have the ability to cause illness
foods
rather than birth defects
D) aren’t seen as dangerous as additives
E) are used by food producer after they
by consumers
have been tested
E) must be tested before they are used
in order to prevent some serious
illnesses.
68
Fingerprint identification, as we now know, 8. According to the passage, we can
received its first practical impetus in 1882 say that ---- .
when the English magazine Nature published
A) after 1880 fingerprint identification
a letter from Dr. Faults in Tokyo. Dr. Faults
was developed in lots of countries
had observed the wide diversity among
individual fingerprint patterns remain B) Faults and Heracles did nothing to
unchangeable throughout life. It was also develop any method for arranging
suggested that change prints found at a fingerprint records
crime scene might possibly identify the
C) the English magazine Nature helps
offender. Soon thereafter, Sir William James
the government to identify the offenders
Heracles, a British official in India, wrote in
Nature that he had used fingerprints for 20 D) fingerprint identification was firstly
years to identify government prisoners, as used in Tokyo, Japan in the 19th century
well Heracles, however, had developed any
E) fingerprint identification is not an
the filing of fingerprint records by law
accurate method to find criminals
enforcement agencies.
9. It is NOT states in the passage

that ---- .
7. We can understand from Dr. Faults’
A) fingerprint identification was used in
observation that ---- .
India long before Dr. Faults published a
A) the first real influence of fingerprint letter
identification was in 1880
B) fingerprint remain unchanged
B) the government of India has used throughout life
fingerprint identification for 20 years
C) the number of offenders started to
C) fingerprints were used for identifying decrease after fingerprint identification
government prisoners was used
D) fingerprints found in crime scene definitely D) Heracles and Faults didn’t make any
identify the criminal contribution to the way to arrange the
fingerprint records
E) fingerprint can remain unchangeable
during a lifetime E) Heracles began to use fingerprint
identification long before Dr. Faults.
69
Ernest Hemingway who is a novelist and 11. It is clear from the passage that
short-story writer is widely recognized as one Hemingway omits his interpretations
of the great authors of the 20th century. At a intentionally ---- .
time when many writes used exaggerated
A) because he wants readers to imagine
styles, Hemingway determined to strip
the feeling on their own
language to its essentials, to cut all words
that were not strictly necessary. It is B) since stripping the language is the
characterized by sentences that are short, only way which satisfies him for being
simple, concrete and frequently repeated. He objective
wanted also to be as objective and honest as
C) to be a widely recognized novelist and
possible about what he saw and wrote. His
short story writer
idea was to describe a series of actions
without comment or emotional rhetoric; the D) to prove how objective he is by
reader would then visualize the emotion describing the actions with a simple style
which the author had deliberately left out.
E) in order to follow all the writers who
prefer to use detailed and literary words
12. We can understand from the

passage that ---- .
A) What Hemingway saw and what he
wrote was quite different
B) Hemingway cuts all words which
10. Unlike the writers of his time, reflect his ideas to become objective
Hemingway ---- .
C) Hemingway isn’t interested in
A) is the most well-known writer of his time necessity of words
B) uses lots of words which have literal D) in addition to his begin objective in
meaning the description of events, Hemingway
makes rhetoric through short sentences
C) hides his real emotions but his point of
view conveys the meaning E) Hemingway has quite a distinctive
writing style when compared to his
D) escapes from unnecessary words and
contemporaries
prefers to use direct expressions
E) adopts detailed narrations in his stories
1-B 2-B 3-D 4-B 5-A 6-E 7-E 8-B
9-C 10-D 11-A 12-E
70
2. From the passage, we can
TEST understand that acid rain ----.
READING COMPREHENSION
2
A) may be the reason why human beings
suffer from famine
Acid rain is rain, snow, or fog that contains
B) falls mostly onto the lakes and trees
high amounts of sulphuric or nitric acid. To
some extent, acidic rain occurs naturally and C) occurs as a result of the inability of
can have a beneficial effect – for instance, woods to absorb rain
serving as fertilizer. But, when the acidity of
the precipitation is abnormally high over a D) is likely to be caused by the smokes
prolonged period, it can overwhelm the ability of factories and transportation vehicles
of water and woods (and buildings, statues,
car finishes, fish, game, and humans) to E) falls to the ground when the amount
accommodate it. When this happens, lakes of snow hail in rain is high
and trees may die and human health may be
endangered. Those who have studied the
current crisis believe it to be the result of
high acid levels caused primarily by Sulphur
dioxide emissions from coal using plants and
nitrogen oxide emissions from automobiles.
These pollutants are either transformed to
acid in the air or deposited on the ground in

dry form, combining with ground water to
form sulphuric or nitric acid.
1. According to the passage, acid rain --- 3. In the passage, it is stated that
- the pollutants causing acid rain ----.
A) is a mixture of sulphuric and nitric acid put A) are, actually, not dangerous before
together to form a kind of fertilizer they form acid rain
B) is considered harmful for woods even if it B) form acid after they’re mixed with
has a little amount of acid in it water
C) may be useful when it occurs not due to C) make plants burn as if they were on
external factors but naturally fire
D) can change a climate by affecting the D) can't be converted into acid before
composition of natural phenomena such as they fall to the ground
rain, snow, or fog E) are stored by the scientists so as to
E) extends the area in which it is effective form sulphuric or nitric acid
71
Ancient Egypt provides one of the longest 5. It is stated in the passage that ---
continuous records of a great civilization. Its -.
art, architecture, and religion show that the
Egyptians were very conservative, happy A) the plants were to be protected
and optimistic people. They enjoyed the because of climate
present life enough to want an afterlife B) the weather was generally rainy and
patterned after it exactly. Their awareness windy
and love of nature were constantly reflected
in their art. Even their representations of C) the Nile was enough to provide
evils are humorous and can hardly be taken irrigation water
seriously. The Egyptians apparently became
the way they were because they had almost D) the land was so fertile that it hardly
nothing to fear from nature or foreign needed rain
enemies. The climate was so mild and dry
E) the Nile would overflow three times a
that little protection against the elements
year
was necessary. Storms were rare. The
yearly overflow of the Nile left a fertile silt
on the fields and provided the irrigation
water that was necessary for growing crops
without rain.
6. It can be inferred from the

passage that the conditions of the
environment in which people live ---
4. The general mood of the Egyptians -.
was that ----.
A) affect their attitude toward life
A) they were satisfied with themselves and
their environment B) sometimes reflect their understanding
of art
B) they were hard to get along with
C) are the only element which
C) they could hardly be well determines how courageous they are
D) their relations with wicked spirits were D) make them survive throughout
serious history
E) they were uneasy E) are the most important factor which

determines the climate
72
Schools have existed in most organized 8. It is stated in the passage that in
societies throughout history, but the the years following 1970, ----.
universal and compulsory education of
children in schools is a development of the A) the number of elementary schools
late 19th and 20th centuries. In Britain, most declined
schools were provided privately by religious B) the state started to be more active in
organizations until the Education Act of education
1970, they were then Supplemented by
“board schools” at elementary level, C) local municipalities were given
financed and controlled by local councils. supreme power
From that time the state’s role in education
increased. Though both private and state D) board schools were banned
schools still exist side by side, most schools
E) the type of education has altered
are within the state system, and all are
considerably
subject to state inspection All children must
attend school from the age of 15.
7. It is clear in the passage that

schools ----.
9. It is obvious in the passage that
A) have contributed much to the progress private schools ----.
countries
A) were thoroughly restricted by local
B) provide all kinds of facilities authorities
C) have always been present in the majority B) lost their significance and efficiency
certain societies
C) were supported by local councils
D) are gradually getting out of control
D) don't have any role in today's
E) have existed in the constitutions of many educational system
states throughout history
E) are supervised by the state
73
Despite the criticisms, studies show the 11. One cannot generalize the
average homeschooled child scores higher superiority of homeschooling over
on standardized tests than does the public school because ----.
average child in public school. According to
a nationwide study published in 1990 by the A) there are diverse teaching materials
National Home Education Research Institute at home
homeschooled children average above the B) students attending public schools are
80th percentile on standardized already lacking wisdom
achievements tests; public school students
average in the 50th percentile. However, C) the quality of education in public
these studies are inconclusive because not schools is unfortunately low
all homeschooled children participated in
these tests. It is likely that homeschoolers D) there were still a number of
who do not expect to do well on a test do homeschooled children didn‘t take place
not volunteer to participate in such studies. in the tests
In addition, research has not determined
E) the number of public-school children
how to predict whether a particular child will
who participated in the tests is low
do better in a conventional school or in a
homeschooling environment.
12. One of the drawbacks of the

research is that ----.
A) it was not carried out throughout the

country but in a certain region
B) only more eager and clever school

10. It is evident in the passage that students participated in the tests
average homeschooled child ----.
C) the average percentage in public
A) is superior to the average child in public school is half the percentage of
school in every aspect homeschooled children
B) is eager to participate the test D) it hasn’t found out whether an

examinations average child can perform better in a
traditional school
C) is because of his or her low performance
at school E) it hasn't taken into consideration that
there are professional tutors in public
D) gets higher marks than an average child schools
in public school
E) is deprived of a professional teaching in

private school 1-A 2-D 3-A 4-A 5-C 6-D 7-C 8-B
9-D 10-D 11-D 12-D
74
2. In the passage, it is stated that
TEST today ----.
READING COMPREHENSION
3
A) nations realize that laws must be
established to protect the resources in
Nations, as well individuals, have always the oceans
used the oceans with little concern for
B) nations have demands impossible to
anyone else‘s rights. The oceans used to be
be met when compared with the past
large enough for everyone. As the world has
grown “smaller” through improved C) nations can fish and trade in the
communications and transportation and places far away from their coasts
increased population growth, the oceans
have become more crowded. It is now D) the laws made to protect the oceans
possible for a nation to go far from its have been ineffective
coasts to fish and trade, and each year
many of the new nations develop fishing E) the world has grown smaller through
and trading fleets. Instead of the large the crowded oceans
empty ocean that once existed, it is now
filled with many in strong competition in
using its resources. This results in strong
competition among nations. Since each
nation has different needs and aims,
problems eventually arise.’
1. According to the passage, the oceans 3. The increasing interest in the

----. resources of the oceans has led to --
A) were used more widely than today --.
B) have been used with almost no concern A) an increase in the needs of states
for other people's rights B) a big rise in the population growth of
C) caused the world to be smaller than it nations
used to be in the past C) the development of the newly -
D) are very difficult to be taken under founded states
control by some laws D) some inevitable problems among
E) have been polluted by the waste nations
materials dumped into them E) a controlled use of the oceans
75
From the health point of view we’re living in 5. According to the passage, we can
a marvelous age. However, although the reduce the number of accidents ----.
possibility of living a long and happy life is
greater than ever before, every day we A) by decreasing the number of motor-
witness the incredible slaughter of people cars
on the roads. It is a never ending battle B) by reducing the number of people
which man is losing. It is high time a world killed in the accidents per year
code were created to reduce this senseless
waste of human life. A code which is C) unless we take harsh measures
universally accepted can have a beneficial
effect on the accident rate. For example the D) only it we impose maximum and
driving test should be standardized and minimum speed limits on all roads
made tar more difficult. All vehicles should
E) if we apply internationally approved
be put through stringent annual tests for
laws which include some strict rules
safety. Even the smallest amount of alcohol
can impair a person's driving ability.
Therefore, present drinking and driving laws
should be made much stricter. These
measures may sound harsh, but nothing
should be considered as too severe if it
results in reducing the annual toll of human
life.
6. According to the passage,

drinking and driving laws should be
made much stricter, because ----.
4. According to the passage, in this age
----. A) they are not clear enough
A) we're luckier than our ancestors with B) drivers can cause accidents if they
respect to health take alcohol in big amounts
B) remedies will be found for the most C) alcohol, even a drop of it, prevents a
stubborn diseases driver from driving properly
C) we no longer face any fatal illnesses D) human life is much more important
than anything else
D) there are still some illnesses that can't
be cured by modern drugs E) nothing, but strict laws regarding
drinking can prevent accidents
E) life expectancy has decreased
enormously
76
When a baby is born, family members and 8. Throughout the history, the birth
friends are happy and excited. But when of twins ----.
twins are born, family members and
friends-and even strangers - are attracted A) was not received with pleasure since
as well. “D0 they like the same things?" twins were thought to have supernatural
people want to know. “How can you tell powers
them apart?” In the past, some cultures B) was considered neither unusual nor
considered the birth of twins as unnatural or harmful
evil, and the mother and her babies were
put to death. On the other hand, other C) was not always gladly accepted
cultures welcomed twins because twins
were believed to own supernatural magical D) caused the mother to kill and her
powers. Scientists, too, have developed babies
interest in twins. Through the study of
E) was believed to bring a fortune to that
twins, scientists hope to learn something
society
about the roles of the genes of the parents
and the conditions in which they live in
shaping human lives.
9. Today, modern scientists study

twins to find out ----.
7. According to the passage, when a A) if children inherit characteristics from

woman gives birth to twins, ----. their parents through genes
A) parents try to find out which one of them B) whether identical twins are alike in
is more intelligent physique or in behaviors
B) people want them to die C) why people have so much interest in

the birth of twins
C) people want to learn if they are alike in
personality D) what factors are more effective in the
formation of twins’ environment
D) strangers feel much more excitement
than the relatives do E) how environment and the qualities
inherited from the parents effect their
E) immediate interest of the people around
lives
them arises
77
Telecommunication is the transmission of 11. Though the devices are
signals over a distance for the purpose of completely different, the common
communication. In modern times, this point that is shared by modern and
process almost always involves the sending earlier times is ----.
of electromagnetic waves by electronic
transmitters but in earlier years it may have A) the aim to communicate
involved the use of smoke signals, drums or B) electronic transmitters
semaphore. Today, telecommunication is
widespread and devices that assist the C) such devices as the television and
process, such as the television, radio and radio
telephone, are common in many parts of
the world. There is also a vast array oi D) a variety of networks
networks that connect these devices,
E) the desire to be reached every time
including computer networks, public
and everywhere
telephone networks, radio networks and
television networks. Computer
communication across the Internet, such as
e-mail and instant messaging, is just one of
many examples of telecommunication.
Furthermore, marketing by means of
telecommunication is a relatively new and
therefore interesting.
12. We can infer from the passage

that today telecommunication ----.
10. It is stated in the passage that A) by computers is the most enjoyable

telecommunication ----. one
A) started as the sending of electromagnetic B) does not provide instant messaging

waves
C) is a new fascinating means of trade
B) is a new term used by modern people
D) is limited compared to earlier times
C) is a means for accessing and exchanging
information E) can also function effectively without a
network
D) has reached its top in recent times
E) was through smoke signals by the last

decade
1-B 2-C 3-D 4-A 5-E 6-C 7-E 8-C
9-E 10-A 11-A 12-C
78
3. Everybody knows that cigarette is
TEST harmful to one’s health. However, many
PARAGRAPH COMPLETION
1 parents who are smokers may not be
aware that it is also bad for their
children. ---- Children, naturally, are
1. The government’s declaring an more easily affected than adults. In
exchange rate program for the future fact, studies have shown that children
means that people should change their of smokers get sick more often than
high inflation expectations. ----, which has children of non-smokers.
been the most important factor in the
continuation of high inflation. A) Excessive amounts of cigarette
consumption may be harmful.
A) Budget proceeds should be collected more
efficiently B) Many people smoke in order to feel more
relaxed in social situations.
B) Tourism proceeds and export revenues
increase in the following months C) There is a direct link between smoking
and lung cancer
C) This means destruction of the psychological
barrier D) Cigarette smoke can have harmful effects
not just on the smoker, but also on people
D) Actually, there is a decline in inflation who live with smoker.
stemming from recession
E) If a person got the determination, he or

E) The plan would help lower inflation she could easily get rid of this habit.
4. ---- This meant that she found a

ready audience for her novels, made
2. Vitamins are nutrients required in
up of readers who knew what to
relatively small amounts in the diet. ----
expect of her books because they
Humans need vitamins for various roles
knew what a novel was. A novel is a
including building bones and tissues and
piece of prose fiction, dealing with
the regulation of cell chemistry. Several
daily life, unlike the romance so
enzymes and steps in respiration rely on
popular in the Middle Ages.
vitamins for proper functioning.
A) When Elizabeth Gaskell began to
A) Vitamins are placed in two categories,
write her novels, the novel as an art was
depending on whether or not they can be
already established in England.
dissolved in water.
B) Everyday, cur lives bring us into
B) Their main function is not to supply energy.
contact with different men and women.
C) Some minerals, such as iron and zinc, are
C) Elizabeth Gaskell used the novel as
important in metabolism.
she found it.
D) Diseases caused by mineral deficiencies are
D) The novel was an individual. not a
rare in Turkey.
representative of mankind, or the
E) Minerals in the diet have received personification of a virtue.
considerable attention over the years.
E) “North and South", her fourth novel,
explores the social problems.
79
5. ---- A horizontal shaft extends from the 7. People differ in the speed with
upper portion of the mill building. Four to which they learn things and how
eight wind sails, each about 3 to 9 m in well and how long they remember
length, radiate from the shaft. The wood ideas. They also differ in their ability
frames of the sails are either covered with to understand difficult ideas and to
canvas or fitted with wood shutters. use their knowledge in solving
problems. For example, some people
A) The power of the turning shaft is can solve mathematical problems
transmitted through a system of gears and rapidly. Others quickly understand
shafts. how machines work. Still others can
B) Early windmills all share certain features. easily learn new words or a foreign
language, ---- .
C) All these machines are of ancient origin.
A) Intelligence is sometimes considered
D) The windmills were relatively inefficient in something that leads to success in
the Middle Ages. school.
E) The tower mill was developed in France B) As a results tests designed to

during the 14th century. measure intelligence include few
questions that deal with mechanical skill.
C) All these abilities and many more
factors in what is called intelligence.
D) A person who can rapidly memorize

names and dates may have trouble with
6. Modern technology is creating an long division.
environment crisis because it largely
E) The OQ scores of most persons don’t
ignores the fact that the environment is
change much from year to year.
an unbroken totality. ---- in using
pesticides to control destructive insects,
for example, he overlooks the likelihood
that beneficial insects as well as other
animals will also be adversely affected or
killed.
A) The effects of technological intrusions on
other natural cycles and processes are often
not obvious.
B) Since everything in environment is closely
linked to one another, people aren’t allowed to
hunt animals.
C) If we use our present technology effectively,
the future will be easier.
D) Wastewater plants generally convert the
organic materials in the environment into
inorganic substances.
E) Man applies technology to particular
problems for specific purposes and ignores its
environmental destruction.
80
8. Water is one of California’s most 10. When the Spanish conquered
important natural resources. The Bolivia, they made a major effort to
mountain areas, especially in the north, convert the indigenous people to
have plenty of water from rain and Catholicism. Although many of the
melted snow. ---- One of the state’s conversions were forced, by the end of
greatest problems therefore is to the colonial period most of the Indians
transport water from rain areas to dry were on the rolls of the Roman Catholic
places where it is needed. Church ---- .
A) California approved of the funds for a state A) Soon after independence, a series of legal
water project. moves were made to allow the practice of
other religious faiths.
B) California’s forests are important for
preserving the state’s precious water supply. B) Their languages are widely spoken today
because of early colonial restrictions.
C) But most of California’s farm lands and
houses are in dry southern valleys. C) Therefore the Indians taught their own
religion to the Spanish after the conquest.
D) Water does not run out or evaporate so
quickly in forest areas as it does in treeless D) The Spanish liked to be converted to
regions. Christianity forcibly.
E) The project includes carrying water from E) So, they didn’t like to be classified.
rivers to coastal cities.
9. A rocket, unlike a jet engine, carries

11. Hydrogen Bomb, often called the
both fuel and oxidizer within itself, A jet,
H-Bomb or superbomb, ranks as the
however, carries fuel but no oxidizer. It
most powerful explosive device ever
gets its oxidizer from the air it draws in.
produced by man. This weapon more
---- They cannot operate in space,
powerful than atomic bomb that
because no air exists there. Rockets, on
destroyed the Japanese cities of
the other hand, can operate better in
Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945. ----
space, where the absence of air allows
the exhaust gases to reach their A) It can also produce radioactive fallout
maximum velocity. with vast killing power.
A) Therefore jets are confined to flight in the B) They don’t release still more energy
atmosphere. and large amounts of radioactive fallout.
B) A reliable means of ignition has to be C) Many hydrogen compounds, such as
developed for this huge motor. ammonia, and hydrogen peroxide, have
extensive industrial uses.
C) The further from the Earth, the less force
of gravity. D) Scientists proved hydrogen to have
two heavy isotopes.
D) This factor allows the designers to use a
wide variety of choices to make an engine. E) Nations have held many conventions
to discuss the ways to reduce the risk of
E) So the chemical reaction between fuel and
nuclear war.
oxidizer produces the hot gases.
81
12. Around 5- 6 billion years ago, 14. ---- in a theater or television
World’s formation began from the studio there is a stage especially
remaining matter after the creation of designed to help you enter a make-
the sun. In time, this matter believe world in which you share the
accumulated and formed into a great experiences of make-believe people.
mass. ---- As a result of these collisions, There are also actors to impersonate
the energy made the temperature of the these people and literally make the
world’s surface rise to almost 6.000  C. play come to before your eyes.
A) A number of collisions occurred in different A) In a play, as in a story or novel,

parts of the planet. circumstances and events do affect the
way a character acts.
B) The moon was from a piece which broke
away from the world. B) Reading a play can never offer you the
same experience as seeing the play acted
C) When the world began to cool down, its out.
surface hardened like a shell.
C) Making a play come to life as you read
D) World’s surface is made up of integrated it may be seen like a miracle, but you can
fragments called tectonic plates. perform it by using your imagination.
E) When the crash of the meteorites anted, D) In a play, you can take part in the
the world started to become leger. characters’ experiences, you can share
their thoughts and feelings.
E) Before you read a play, use time to

acquaint yourself with its structure,
setting and characters.
13. ---- The ancient Romans, for

example, used diplomatic
representatives only for special
purposes. But as relations among
countries improved, they found that they
needed permanent representatives in
other countries. Now diplomats help
carry on-day relationships between their
country and the country where they
serve.
A) Embassies first appeared in Italy during
the 1200s and 1300s
B) Many historians believe that cardinal
Richeliev of France started the system of
resident representatives.
C) Nations haven’t always used diplomacy to
settle international problems.
D) Each nation handles its diplomatic affairs
through a foreign office.
E) Some believe that establishing embassies
in other countries is necessary although there
are many ways of communication.
82
15. ---- They create most of the sounds
in the throat, using the tongue very
actively. If you hold your fingers over
your lips or clench your jaws when you
practice speaking American English, you
will find yourself much closer to native-
sounding speech than if you try to
pronounce every single sound very
carefully.
A) Because most American came from
different places, American English reflects the
accent with contributions of many lands.
B) The American intonation requires increase
and decrease in sound.
C) One of the main differences between the
way an American talks and the rest of the
world talk is that they don’t really move their
lips.
D) Americans have a melodic, rhythmic way
of producing sound.
E) Pronunciation in American English has

become much more complex than
pronunciation in British English.
16. The first Labor Day parade was held

in New York on Sept. 5, 1882. Organ
became the first state to grant legal
holiday status to Labor Day. Also in
1887, the holiday was established for
the first Monday in September by
Colorado, Massachusetts, New Jersey
and New York; ---- .
A) Australia celebrates the holiday on
different dates as well.
B) its purpose is to recognize labor’s
contribution to the nation.
C) other states soon followed them.
D) the day is being strengthened constantly.
E) all free labor unions have altered their
structures similarly. 1-C 2-B 3-D 4-A 5-B 6-E 7-C 8-C
9-A 10-A 11-A 12-A 13-C 14-B 15-C 16-C
83
3. ---- This was made possible by the
TEST security arrangements. Under the
PARAGRAPH COMPLETION
2 circumstances it was possible for the
Japanese government to concentrate,
first on the rehabilitation of the
1. Human body is like a machine in many country’s devastated economy and,
ways. The body and a machine both second on the expansion of that
perform work. Each part of the body has economy to its present
its own job. These parts work together unprecedentedly prosperous and
to keep the body alive, just as the parts advanced circumstances.
of an automobile work together to make
it run. ---- . A) The future focus of Japanese foreign
policy since the end of the allied occupation
A) For example, skin protects the human has been economic.
body as paint covers and protects the metal
on a car. B) Japanese people have also played a
steadily expanding and more prominent
B) Food served as fuel for the body as role in many international organizations.
gasoline ran a car.
C) In recent years, there have been sings
C) But, don’t forget the differences between that the government and some elements of
them. the population have become increasingly
D) In spite of the distinctions that set human dissatisfied with the scores.
beings apart from other animals, scientists D) While the people’s Republic of Chine is
refer to people as generalized beings. concerned, Japan does not have any
E) What about buying a brand-new car and territorial claims.
see the similarities? E) Seen from Japan’s standpoint, general
aspects of its national relations with the US
present problems are more general.
4. Dental implants are especially

2. The chief product of the forest, wood designed screws that are placed in
is a universally useful raw material. ---- the jawbone and act like natural
As civilization advanced, it assumed tooth roots nearly a lifetime. ---- As
major importance as material for boat a result, they have a high rate of
building and construction. In modern success and are widely considered
times, wood’s uses have extended to the most secure solution for
such varied products as paper, textiles replacing missing teeth.
and plastics.
A) Turkey ranks ninth in the world for its
A) Wood’s versatility has been demonstrated 700 registered plastic surgeons.
in Europe by its use in emergency wartime
conditions. B) The most popular treatment enquiry
in 2010 in Turkey was for dental implant.
B) Wood also provides material for the
manufacture of animal foods. C) Then. the new teeth are placed on
them.
C) Each species varies widely in its growth
rate, weigh and usefulness within each tree. D) Studies now show a greater worry
about that kind of dental surgery.
D) Wood varies widely in its composition,
structure and technical properties. E) Also the new teeth will have a five –
year guarantee.
E) From prehistoric times it has been used as
a source of heat and as material for shelter.
84
5. Cosmetic surgery like any other 7. According to the research which is
procedure carries a degree of risk. about damage to the environment,
Suitable candidates for plastic surgery humans have influenced % 83 of the
are in good health and have the earth’s surface. The study is based on
psychological stability to deal with the four factors: population, travel routes,
recovery period. ---- Modern procedures land use and lights. ---- This
have greatly decreased most risks but significant difference is certainly
the complications might still be related to the average lifespan,
encountered in some patients. income, culture and climate. However,
do any of us have the right to disturb
A) ln order to reduce infection risks, it is
the environment more than the
important to choose an experienced surgeon
others?
B) Complications in such surgery are rare,
A) This study shows that although there
but they may occur.
are some similar factors like population
C) Considering the risk, it is no wonder that and land use, there are also many
more and more people are leaving for holiday differences which are related to these
destinations. factors.
D) Some people aren't comfortable with their B) In our world, such people disturb the
appearance and want plastic surgery. environment more than the others.
E) You have to check if the surgeon has C) Regardless of where he lives, a man
Medical Malpractice Insurance. breathes the same fresh air in all parts of
the world.
D) The research makes us sure that we
must understand and acknowledge exactly
what we have inherited and what we are
responsible for.
E) One of the findings of the study shows
that an average American is responsible for
6. The “Nanta" kitchen is unusually more carbon emission in one year than a
dangerous where anything can happen person in Tasmania in a lifetime.
with hot oil, hot sauces, knives, bottles
and carrots. ---- The kitchen suddenly
moves into chaos and the cooks begin
speedily working, chopping and mixing
before the wedding ceremony.
A) The Nanta group’s next show will be in
Czech Republic this week.
B) Kitchen tools are transformed into musical
instruments during the show.
C) The group's eminence spread throughout
South Korea after their first performance.
D) The Nanta members are ordered by their
amusing boss to prepare a wedding menu,
but this is not that easy.
E) The group members pulled the audience
into the story, asking for their help to
prepare.
85
8. Numerous workers in wholesale and 10. ---- Blacks often acquire an early
retail trade are salespeople. Many of sense of their own inferiority that many
them call on possible customers and try prove very difficult to dismiss later.
to persuade them to buy their products. Whites may have feelings of unease
---- Other workers in this cluster provide towards blacks, or colored people, even
various business services, such as credit, if in most areas they practice no
financing, and insurance. They also keep discrimination.
records and perform clerical duties.
A) Attitudes learned in early childhood
A) Most salespeople who work in retail stores probably continue as important underlying
need only a short training session. orientations in later life.
B) Barbers offer beauty and related services. B) Liberals, who are unprejudiced towards
minorities, have an approach against
C) More and more women are taking their
discrimination.
place in marketing in our country.
C) A great deal of research has been carried
D) Workers in the area of distribution handle,
out in the development of attitudes towards
store, and transport goods
friendship among children.
E) Wholesalers buy large quantities of an
D) Many young black tend to seem like
item.
whites.
E) Blacks have been exploited by whites
throughout the history.
11. Air is a little sticky, and resists the

motion of objects going through it. ----
The paper will slide edgeways or
sideways between the molecules of
air. The faster objects move through
the air, the more air resistance they
meet. For example, the faster you ride
your bicycle, the greater the air
9. ---- Some physiologists consider it to
resistance against you will be. You feel
be a quantitative variation of hunger;
the air pushing harder against you.
others believe that the desire for food is
conditioned by the pleasure gained from A) In the early days of aviation, one of the
it. reasons that airplanes flew slowly was
because the air rubbed against such parts
A) Appetite may be affected by diseases of
as the fuselage and wings.
the nervous system or tobacco poisoning.
B) A piece of paper will not fall straight
B) Physiological variations in appetite depend
downward, because it keeps rubbing
upon a person's constitution and his daily
against the air.
routine.
C) A parachute uses air resistance in the
C) Since the senses of taste and smell are
opposite direction to slow the parachute
controlled by the brain, appetite is aroused
jumper's fall.
by the sensory nerves of taste and smell.
D) As a result, air resistance creates heat
D) Diseases of the digestive system directly
because of the friction.
affect appetite.
E) A piece of paper on Earth, for
E) Appetite is a desire especially for food,
example, is lighter than a piece of paper
which is not necessarily the same as hunger.
on Moon because of the lack of gravity.
86
12. The clothing industry is a great 14. With age, people become more
business in many countries. Clothes and vulnerable to diseases. Many more
clothing materials are important items of specific changes also typically
trade between nations. Shoppers in accompany old age-from wrinkled
many lands buy Italian knitwear, and skin to declining visual ability and
shoes, Australian wool, and Japanese slowing psychomotor responses. ----
silk. Stores throughout the world sell They slow down or speed up the
clothes designed in London, Paris and biological and psychological
Istanbul. ---- But there are still varieties processes of aging.
in dress among most regions of the
A) However, more people in modern
world.
societies live longer.
A) People in a region dress differently for
B) In addition, older people are admired
various reasons.
since their experience and knowledge
B) As a result, many people in different remains useful for the young.
countries dress alike.
C) Older women are more likely than
C) They may use different materials and older men to live alone.
methods for making clothes.
D) Social forces influence the process of
D) Paris has been the center of fashion for aging.
years.
E) Ageism is a prejudice and
E) Trade of textile has improved in many discrimination against the older people.
countries recently.
15. The economy of the Sahara was

13. ---- However, a career involves much once mainly dependent on the camel
more than does a job, an occupation or a caravans. They crossed it carrying
vocation. A career is the pattern of work goods of high value such as ivory,
and work-related activities that develops gold and salt. ---- The manganese of
throughout a lifetime. It involves the Morocco and Algeria, the iron ore of
way a person’s work roles affect other Mauritania and Algeria, the copper
life roles, such as being a student, a of Mauritania and the oil and natural
parent or a community leader. gas of Libya all have developed the
economy of the region.
A) Important career decisions include
choosing a career field and deciding how you A) The climate and the soil are not
want your career to develop. suitable for the practice of agriculture.
B) Almost every adult has a kind of career. B) There is cultivation in the suburbs,
which contributes little to the whole
C) To make a decision on career, you need as
economy.
much information as possible.
C) Underground channels carry irrigation
D) Many people use the term career to mean
water in some of the upland areas where
the job or occupation a person has.
the caravans pass.
E) They vary greatly according to the type of
D) Nomads and semi-nomads graze
work and the ways they influence a person’s
sheep, goats and camels particularly in
life.
the north.
E) The importance of the Sahara now
lies in its mineral wealth.
87
16. The economy of the Sahara was once
mainly dependent on the camel
caravans. They crossed it carrying goods
of high value such as ivory, gold and
salt. ---- The manganese of Morocco and
Algeria, the iron ore of Mauritania and
Algeria, the copper of Mauritania and the
oil and natural gas of Libya all have
developed the economy of the region.
A) The greatest achievement of the last 150
years has definitely the invention of the car.
B) Not only cars but also other vehicles for
transportation make people’s life easier and
quicker.
C) You think that cars are one of the greatest
inventions, but there are lots of more
important things than them.
D) Because cars are relatively cheap these
days, l’ve decided to buy one for me .
E) There are both advantages and

disadvantages of using our own car while
commuting.
1-A 2-E 3-A 4-C 5-B 6-D 7-E 8-D

9-E 10-A 11-B 12-B 13-D 14-D 15-E 16-A
88
3. As a Turkish artist cannot have
TEST the same feelings as an Aborigine,
RESTATEMENT
1 he cannot make the same artwork as
that Aborigine.
1. It is impossible for the UN to address A) Though a Turkish artist cannot share

today’s complex problems without the the same feelings with an Aborigine, he
full backing of its member states. could produce similar artwork like an
Aborigine.
A) The UN can easily deal with current
problems it some member states give B) Although a Turkish artist can have the
support. same viewpoint as an Aborigine, he
cannot produce the same masterpiece as
B) The member states of the UN encourages that Aborigine.
the UN to address today’s numerous
problems. C) A Turkish artist can produce the same
artwork as an Aborigine since they share
C) It may be possible that the UN can the same feelings.
address current issues thanks to little support
from a few member states. D) Neither a Turkish artist nor an
Aborigine can make the same artwork
D) The UN can’t deal with today‘s complex and have the same emotions.
problems unless its member states support
the UN. E) A Turkish artist cannot produce the
identical piece of art made by an

E) The UN can’t solve current problems Aborigine because he cannot share the
because it hasn't been supported by its same feelings with that Aborigine.
member states.
2. Paraguay is the only South American

country except Bolivia that has no
seacoast.
A) The only country to have a seacoast is
Paraguay among South American countries.
B) All countries in South America other than
Paraguay and Bolivia have a seacoast.
C) Paraguay and Bolivia have a seacoast but
other countries in South America do not have
any.
D) Except for Bolivia, all countries in South
America have a seacoast.
E) Bolivia and other South American
countries don’t have a seacoast, but
Paraguay has.
89
4. Current social and economic factors 5. Due to an increasing appetite among
lead to an increased emphasis among shoppers for well known brands at
many people, especially young adults, lower prices, a major trend that has
on freedom and individualism. emerged in retail development has been
Outlet centers.
A) Freedom and individualism are attached
more importance by many people, A) Owing to greedy shoppers who have
especially young adults, due to present great appetite for well known brands, outlet
social and economic factors. centers have become famous.
B) Individualism and freedom are among B) Outlet centers have gained great
important issues which catch the attention popularity in retail development thanks to
of human beings under present social and shoppers knowing brands well.
economic conditions.
C) Because of an increasing desire of
C) Only young adults pay attention to shoppers to get well known brands at lower
ongoing social and economic issues, and prices, outlet centers appearing in retail
freedom and individualism are the most development have gained popularity.
important to them.
D) Outlet centers have diminished the
D) Freedom and individualism are appetite of shoppers for well known brands
underlined by many people especially by by offering many products at lower prices.
young adults despite other serious issues of
E) Outlet centers are popular in retail
society.
shopping thanks to the increasing demand

E) It will be only through economic and from shoppers who want well known brands
social factors that freedom and at the lower price.
individualism gain importance among
people.
90
6. Simon Tolkien avoided writing fiction 7. The destructive force of a tsunami
for most of his life, frightened by the comes not from the height of the
imposing legacy of his grandfather, J. wave, but from the volume of water
R. R. Tolkien who penned “The Lord of moving.
the Rings".
A) Not only from the height of the wave,
A) J.R.R. Tolkien who wrote “The Lord of but also from the volume of water moving
the Rings" was the grandfather of Simon brings about the destructive force of a
Tolkien, so he stopped writing fiction for tsunami.
most of his life, being frightened.
B) Both the height of the wave and the
B) For most of his life Simon Tolkien, the volume of the water moving cause the
grandson of J.R.R. Tolkien who wrote “The destructive force of a tsunami.
Lord of the Rings" avoided writing fiction
C) The destructive force of a tsunami
because he was frightened by the imposing
comes either from the height of the wave,
legacy of his grandfather.
or from the volume of water moving.
C) Simon Tolkien didn’t want to write fiction
D) It is not the height of the wave but the
for most of his life, because he was the
volume of water that gives a tsunami its
frightening grandson of J.R.R. Tolkien who
destructive force.
wrote “The Lord of the Rings“.
E) Neither from the height of the wave, nor
D) Writing fiction was not preferred by
from the volume of water moving, the
Simon Tolkien during his life because he
destructive force of a tsunami occurs.

was frightened by the imposing legacy of
his grandfather J.R.R. Tolkien, imposing
legacy.
E) Frightened by the imposing legacy of his
8. Giving the correct greeting in another
grandfather, “J.R.R. Tolkien, who wrote
culture is one of the best sources to
“The Lord of the Rings", Simon Tolkien
help you gain some sense of confidence
didn’t pen fiction in his life.
and social dominance.
A) Gaining some sense of confidence and
social dominance may help you to give the
correct greeting in another culture.
B) In a culture, giving the correct greeting is
one of the best sources to assist you in
getting some sense of confidence and social
dominance
C) One of the best sources to help you gain
some sense of confidence and social
dominance is giving the correct greeting in
another culture.
D) The best source to assist you in getting
some sense of confidence and social
dominance is giving the correct greeting in
another culture.
E) Some sense of confidence and social
dominance can be gained by one of the best
ways which is called correct greeting in
another culture
91
9. Turkey is home to several ancient 11. Marine mammals are a diverse
civilizations, and there are already a group of 120 species of mammal that
number of museums displaying are primarily ocean-dwelling or depend
treasures from these ancient times. on the ocean for food.
A) Showing treasures from ancient times, A) A different group of 120 species which are
Turkey has already many museums and it is named as marine mammals live in oceans
home to many ancient civilizations. and find food there
B) There are already lots of museums which B) Animals which are primarily ocean –
display treasures from ancient times in dwelling or depend on the ocean for food are
Turkey, which is home to several generally marine mammals.
civilizations.
C) Marine mammals consist of 120 species
C) Since it is home to several ancient and they are primarily ocean-dwelling or
civilizations, there are already a lot of depend on the ocean for food.
museums reflecting values of ancient times.
D) Marine mammals which mainly live in
D) From the ancient times, Turkey had oceans or depend on the ocean for food are
several civilizations and a lot of museums composed of different group of 120 species
displaying their treasures. of mammal.
E) Several ancient civilizations have lived in E) Marine mammals are one of the big
Turkey and there are already many families having 120 different species most of
museums showing treasures from these which are ocean – dwelling or rely on the
ancient times. ocean for food.
10. As the race for the world's tallest

building continues, a large number of
experts have different opinions on how
tall skyscrapers can become. 12. Everyone, at least at one point in
his or her life feels deprived of hope
A) Most experts don't have similar opinions
as if they have reached the end of
on how high skyscrapers can get while the
the road.
race for the world‘s highest building goes
on. A) Someone feels there is no hope in life
when he has reached the end of the road
B) Since there is a race for the world's
at least once during his lifetime.
tallest building, most experts have same
ideas on how high skyscrapers may B) At least once, in their lives everyone
become. thinks that they have no hope as though
they are at the end of road.
C) Different opinions on how tall
skyscrapers can become are told by most C) Although some feel that they have no
experts, as the race for the tallest building hope at one point in life, that doesn’t
goes on. mean they don’t have anything at hand.
D) How tall skyscrapers can become is an D) Everybody at one time or more
idea thought by most experts, who have an experience the lack of hope once he or
interest in the race for the world’s tallest she stays at the end of the road.
building.
E) Everyone sometimes feels themselves
E) Thinking how high a skyscraper can be, hopeless even if they have reached the
most experts race to guess the world’s end of the road.
tallest skyscraper.
92
13. Parodists usually choose famous 15. Caffeine is not widely used in
writers who have a distinctive style, so medicine, but coffee is an effective
that the reader can easily recognize the stimulant for the weary.
subject of the parody.
A) In order to be used widely in
A) The reason why parodists mostly prefer medicine, caffeine must have some
well-known writers with distinguishing style characteristics like coffee which
is to make the reader recognize theme of energizes the weary.
the parody without difficulty.
B) While caffeine is not used in medicine
B) Even though the parodists prefer famous extensively, coffee is a substance that
authors with excellent style, it is not easy effectively active the tired people.
for the readers to recognize the subject of
C) Neither caffeine nor coffee is
the parody easily.
stimulant for the weary, but caffeine is
C) The reason why parody is a more used medicine to some extent.
preferred genre than a real work is that it is
D) For being a useful stimulant for the
easier to comprehend the subject.
tired, coffee needs to include too much
D) Readers always choose to read parodies, caffeine which is not used a lot in
so writers attach more importance to medicine.
parodies rather than novels.
E) Since caffeine and coffee have the
E) Well-known writers are always preferred same characteristics, they both are used
by parodists, because parodies are more in the same fields such as medicine.
appreciated by readers in terms of its
subject.
16. Most stars are too far away for

their distance to be measured.
A) Nearly all stars are very far away but
14. California is predominantly their distance can be measured, though.
agricultural, thanks especially to
B) The distance between almost all stars
intensive irrigation.
are measured although they are very far
A) Although there is intensive irrigation in away.
California, agriculture is not at the expected
C) The distance of all stars can’t be
level.
measured because they are distant
B) The more farming lands are being enough.
watered, the more agricultural soils being
D) Their being too far away makes it
utilized in California.
impossible for most stars to be
C) Since there is opportunity to water measured in terms of distance
farming lands intensively in particular,
E) Distance cannot be measured because
agriculture is highly common in California.
some stars are very distant from the
D) However hard the Californian people Earth.
make an effort in watering the lands, the
agriculture in California hasn’t got high
standards.
E) Because of the development in irrigation,
California provides the people with fertile
farming land.
1-D 2-B 3-E 4-A 5-E 6-B 7-D 8-C
9-E 10-A 11-D 12-B 13-A 14-C 15-B 16-D
93
3. Anything that is lighter than air
TEST will float in the air, just as anything
RESTATEMENT
2 lighter than water will float in the
water.
1. Before the development of industry A) While something that is lighter than

nature dominated human life far more air will float in the air, nothing lighter
than the other way round. than water will float in the water.
A) The development of industry helped B) Anything that is lighter than water

nature to dominate life much more than both will float in the air and will float in
before. the water.
B) It is the industry which dominates human C) Something that is very light not only
life much more than nature before industrial will float in the air and will float in the
development. water.
C) Before the progress made in industry, D) Anything heavier than water will sink
human beings dominated nature much less in the water, similarly, anything that is
than vice versa. heavier than air will sink in the air.
D) Human life dominated industry much more E) Although anything that is lighter than
than nature after industrial development. water will not sink in the air, anything
lighter than air will sink in the water.
E) Nature used to dominate human life much

more even after industry developed.
2. To Lincoln, presidency meant the

fulfillment of the highest ambition that
an American could have.
4. Water spiders are the only spiders
A) Lincoln said that the fulfillment of the that live most their lives under
highest objective an American could imagine water.
was presidency.
A) There are other spiders apart from
B) According to Lincoln, an American could be water spiders living under water
the president if he fulfilled his highest throughout their lives.
ambition.
B) There are not many spiders that live
C) According to Lincoln, achievement of the under water throughout most of their
highest goal which an American could have lives.
was presidency.
C) Being the only spider type, water
D) Lincoln pointed out presidency as an spiders live most of their under water.
objective which an American has to obtain.
D) Not all their lives pass under water so
E) Lincoln thought that if one becomes a water spiders can live on earth, too.
president, it can be said that his highest goal
is fulfilled. E) No spider type that lives almost all its
life under water exists except for water
spiders.
94
5. Socialists disagree over how much 7. Firms in advanced economies are
wealth should be left in private hands now cutting job, owing to
and how to deprive the rich of their insufficient demand, which has led
excess property. to uncertainty about future demand.
A) According to the socialists, wealth should A) The reason why uncertainty about
be left in private hands to to a great extent future demand occurs is inadequate
and the rich should be deprived of their demand and jobs which firms in
excess property. advanced economies provide now.
B) What socialists disagree is that private B) Inadequate demand has caused
hands shouldn’t be left without much wealth uncertainty about future demand, that’s
and deprived of much property. why the firms of advanced economies
are now cutting jobs.
C) Socialists oppose to the idea that not
much money should be given to the private C) Because companies of advanced
sector and that the rich should be deprived of economies are lowering the number of
their surplus property. jobs, inadequate demand has led to
uncertainty about future demand.
D) The amount of capital that should be left
in the private hands and the way through D) Due to the fact that inadequate
which the rich can be deprived of their demand, jobs in companies belonging to
surplus property are the points disputed by advanced economy were reduced.
the socialists.
E) Rome was affected by Greece in

E) The reason why the socialists disagree is terms of dumb shows
that don’t know the amount of capital they
should give to the rich and how they will
deprive them of their excess property.
8. The land surface of South America

is much like of North America.
A) South and North America are exactly
6. We can hardly imagine the great
the same in terms of the land surface.
distance that separate the stars.
B) South America resembles North
A) It is hard to imagine how far the distances
America as they share the same land
between the stars are.
surface.
B) The reason why the great distances
C) North America is similar to South
separate the stars is that we can hardly
America because of its extensive land
imagine them.
surface.
C) We find it hard to imagine how great
D) Much of the land surface of both
distances separate the stars.
South America and North America is
D) It is impossible for us to imagine the stars alike.
separate by great distances.
E) South and North America are
E) It is virtually impossible to imagine the comparable to each other in terms of
great distances separating the stars. their land surface to a great extent.
95
9. South America, the fourth largest 11. I didn’t anticipate having to do
continent, is about twice as large as the all the cleaning by myself!
US, but it has about as many people as
A) I realized that l would have to do all
the US.
the cleaning by myself but I didn’t want
A) The fourth largest continent in the world is to believe it!
South Amerika and it is much larger than the
B) What I couldn't predict is that I want
United States but more crowded than it.
to do all the housework by myself!
B) The population of the United States and
C) One sometimes can’t foresee that he
South America, the fourth largest continent,
has to do all the cleaning on his own like
is the same but the former one is twice as
me!
large as the latter one.
D) That I have to do all the housework
C) The United States which has nearly the
without any help can’t be realized
same number of people as South America is
earlier!
half the size of South America, the fourth
largest continent. E) I didn’t think that I would have to do
all the cleaning alone!
D) South America, which is the fourth largest
continent, is about twice as large as the
United States both in terms of land area and
population.
E) The fourth largest continent, South

America ranks first in terms of land area and
population followed by the United States
which is nearly twice as large.
12. Alberta ranks fourth in size

among all the provinces, and is the
10. Although the lawyer was reluctant to largest of the prairie provinces.
tell his client the disappointing news, he
had no choice but to do so. A) The province that is first in size
among the prairie provinces and fourth
A) The lawyer felt himself forced to tell the among all the provinces is Alberta.
disappointing news to his client because he
had no other choice at that moment. B) Alberta is among the largest prairie
provinces and forth in size among all the
B) Since there was no other choice but to tell provinces in the world.
the disappointing news, the unwilling lawyer
was obliged to do so. C) One of the largest of the prairie
provinces, which is fourth in size among
C) Since the lawyer had no choice but to do all the provinces, is Alberta.
so, he told everything to his clients.
D) Alberto ranks first and fourth in size
D) The lawyer was unwilling to tell his client among all the provinces and the prairie
the disappointing news, however, he did it, provinces respectively.
since he had no choice.
E) What ranks fourth in size among all
E) The lawyers unwillingness couldn’t prevent the prairie provinces and the largest of
his telling the disappointing news, because all is Alberta.
he had no choice but to do so.
96
13. Potatoes were unknown in Europe 15. Astrologers believe the planets
until Spanish explorers brought them influence a person more than do any
from Peru in the 1500’s. other heavenly bodies.
A) No one knew anything about potatoes A) According to the astrologers, the
until Spanish explorers saw them in Peru in planets are believed to be influenced by
the 1500's. a person more than any other heavenly
bodies.
B) If Spanish explorers hadn’t explored Peru
in the 1500's, no one in Europe could have B) Astrologers believe that what
known about potatoes. influences a person most is not only
planets but also any other heavenly
C) But for Europeans, Spanish explorers
bodies.
wouldn't have brought potatoes from Peru in
the sixteenth century. C) Astrologers claim that a person is
affected by planets as much as by other
D) Europeans didn't know potatoes till the
heavenly bodies.
1500’s when explorers from Spain brought
them from Peru. D) A person is believed, by astrologers,
to be under the influence of any other
E) The 1500’s were the years when explorers
heavenly bodies less than he is under
introduced potatoes from Peru to Europeans
the influence of planets.
as well as to Spaniards.
E) The more planets there are, the more
any other heavenly bodies affect a

person according to the astrologers.
16. E-book obtainability was

growing at a slower pace than e-
book reading device makers had
expected.
14. In colonial times, most South A) E-book reading device makers

Carolina children were educated at home expected that e-book obtainability would
or in private schools. grow at a fast pace, but it didn't.
A) There were also other students apart from B) Despite the expectancy of eBook
the ones going to private schools or educated device makers, e-book obtainability was
at home in South Carolina in colonial times. growing at a fast pace.
B) The time when almost all children were C) E-book obtainability and e-book
either educated at home or went to private or reading were growing at a much slower-
public schools in South Carolina was colonial pace than e-book reading device makers
times. hoped.
C) Education at home or in private schools D) E-book availability was growing much

was common in South Carolina among most more rapidly than e-book reading unlike
children in colonial times. the expectancy of e-book reading device
makers.
D) Most South Carolina children of colonial
times never went to public schools in their E) According to e-book device makers,
lives, instead went to private ones. e-book availability will have a much
slower pace than expected.
E) In colonial times many of the children in
South Carolina preferred being educated
neither in private schools nor at home.
1-C 2-C 3-D 4-E 5-D 6-E 7-B 8-E
9-C 10-D 11-E 12-A 13-D 14-C 15-D 16-A
97
3. Jack : ----
TEST
DIALOGUE COMPLETION
1 Paul : Why do you bother? You can’t
understand a word of it?
1. Doctor : There is nothing seriously Jack : Uh huh.

wrong with you, but you should eat less
Paul : You‘re too ignorant.
sugar and avoid fatty foods.
A) I'm sorry. I wasn’t listening to it
Patient : ----
properly.
Doctor : Yes. I think you should take more
B) Stop yelling. I’m trying to read.
exercise. But most important, you ought
to give up smoking. C) Your teeth will be out in a minute, if
you don't go now.
A) What will happen to me it I don't obey your
suggestions? D) I’m wondering why you don’t study
for your exam.
B) I'm afraid I can’t.
E) Why haven’t you told it to your
C) I see. l’ll try. Anything else?
mother?
D) I don’t have much time to cook these days.
E) Why is the sort of food I eat so important?
4. Jack : What’s on TV for the time

being? Ricky : Well, there is a
football match between Milan and
2. Peter : Oh not This is terrible. Galatasaray.
Jane : What is it? What is the matter’? Jack : ----
Peter : ---- Ricky : No. indeed, l will be glad to.
Jane : I suppose we could borrow A) It is really worth watching, isn’t it?

some from my parents.
B) No, there isn't. Galatasaray is playing
A) I have picked someone else’s bag by tomorrow evening.
mistake in a shop.
C) Why don't we go to the stadium and
B) I forgot to send my friend a card on her watch the match there?
birthday yesterday.
D) Would you mind watching it together?
C) I have a headache. I have to go to the I have been waiting for it for a long time.
doctor.
E) How do you know it’? Have you been
D) Economic conditions are getting worse day waiting for it, too‘?
by day.
E) it's the bill from the garage. Where can we

get that much money?
98
5. Jennifer: How did you like the novel? 7. Linn : Oh look, we have been
Jessica :It was not as interesting as I had waiting for 50 minutes and still
expected it to be. there is no bus.
Jennifer : ---- Gary : Yeah. There aren't enough

buses on this route.
Jessica : It is not a reflection of a real life;
it is just a fiction or a hope of a perfect Linn : ----.
life that can never be earthly.
Gary : Good idea. You should also
A) It seems as if it were one of the best add that we need more subway
realistic novels, doesn't it? lines.
B) Really? Why not? A) There should be more public

transportation in general
C) Isn’t it one of the best novels we can read
nowadays? B) I think an excellent bus system solves
all these problems
D) It can‘t be a very interesting novel. Then,
why did you read it? C) The traffic moves slowly, especially at
rush hour it becomes terrible
E) It is nonsense to read a novel during a
whole day. At least for me. D) I say to my wife that we should move
to the country
E) Sometimes I feel like writing a letter

to the paper
6. Peter : How was your dinner party? 8. Jonathan : Daddy, don‘t you think
Jack : I think it went pretty well. ----. dogs are faithful and affectionate?
Peter : Really? How late did he stay this Dad : ----

time? Jonathan : Well, my birthday is
Jack : Until two o’clock in the morning. coming up and I would like a dog as
a present.
A) Everyone had excellent time and enjoyed
themselves until early in the morning. Dad : Sorry Jonathan, but it is out of
the question since our flat is tiny
B) But we shouldn't have invited my wife's and dogs need space.
boss again. We can never get him to leave.
A) Well, Jonathan, yes, they are. But,
C) In the end, my father came in and everyone what’s all this about dogs?
had to leave early.
B) But, dog food costs a lot of money.
D) Unfortunately, my son got fever in the
middle of the party and I had to take him to C) You are right, Jonathan, Let's buy one
hospital. for our house.
E) But, my mother got angry with me because D) Yes, we can raise one in the garden.
my friends didn’t leave early. E) No, l don't think so, they are the most
noisy animals l’ve ever seen.
99
9. Diana : Hey July! Have you got any 10. Grandfather : Happy birthday,
plans for the holiday? Judith. So how does it feel to be 21?
July : Nothing special, I'll stay at home Judith : Kind of strange. I suddenly feel
with my family and have dinner with a little anxious, like I'm not moving
them. ahead fast enough.
Diana : ---- Grandfather : ----
July : You think so? It seems that you Judith : Oh, l’ve managed to get good
have a better idea. grades in all my courses, but l still
haven’t been able to decide on a career.
Diana : l’ll go lo Linda’s house, let's go
together. I promise you‘ll enjoy a lot A) Don’t worry about it. I believe that you
more. will be a successful lawyer in the future
A) Oh really! That sounds nice but l have B) When l was at the same age, my feelings
better plans for myself. were the same.
B) What a boring plan that is, you should do C) But don’t you think you have
something more cool. accomplished quite a bit in the last few
years?
C) Thank you for your kindness, it's a great
idea. D) Why don’t you get some advice from your
parents about this test’?

D) Cool! I’m going to do the same thing.
E) If I were you, I wouldn’t be so confident
E) Good idea! You must be very fond of your about my grades.
family.
11. Gilbert : Have you heard the latest

news about the Twin towers?
Bryan :Of course I did. They’re all

wrecked down.
Gilbert :----
Bryan : That's great. So what about the

war they declared now, is it over?
Gilbert : I guess so.
A) Yes, that's right. But they started to re-

built them.
B) And I had three friends working there.
C) I didn’t know that before this morning.
D) Yeah, but it seems that you haven't heard

the updated news. The terrorists have been
arrested this morning.
E) Right, but the U.S government is

going to take action against the
terrorists.
100
12. Father : Have you decided which 14. Jane : Have you read the book I
university you are going to choose? lent you?
Jon : Yes, I want to study at Bosphorus. David : Yes. I’ve just finished it.
Father : ---- Jane : How was it?
Jon :Yes, nothing can prevent me from David : ----.

obtaining my goal.
Jane : Really? But I loved it.
A) Are you fond of its education?
A) It was quite exciting one.
B) Do you know its requirements?
B) I didn’t understand the subject.
C) I think, you are hesitant about it.
C) A bit disappointing.
D) Do you think you will be able to enter that
university? D) Much better than you said.
E) No, you can’t do this for your future. E) It was the most interesting thing, I've
read.
15. Joseph : Hi, Bill, where have

you been recently?
13. Guest : I’m terribly sorry. I’ve broken Bill : ----

your Chinese vase.
Joseph : I am terribly sorry. How is
Host : Oh, it doesn’t matter. he now?
Guest : Please tell me where I can buy a Bill : He is getting well day by day.
new one?
A) My brother married in Ankara and l
Host : No, certainly not. ---- was there for a couple of days.
A) Why’? You are my guest. B) I have been studying on a new

project with friends and it is tiring.
B) You can’t find a vase like mine.
C) It is my uncle. He was killed in an
C) Please, just don’t break any other thing. accident in Izmir.
D) You should have been more careful. D) We had a terrible accident last week
E) You don’t need to do that. and one of my friends was injured.
E) The girl I have loved since my

childhood is marrying next week.
101
16. Jack : Excuse me, is this your purse?
Mary : Yes, thank you very much. I have

almost forgotten it.
Jack : ----
Mary : My wallet, my identification card

and some money; all are here.
A) Was there anything in the bag?
B) Don’t worry about it, easy come, easy go.
C) You’d better be careful next time.
D) How could you do such a mistake? Where

did you forget it?
E) ls everything okay in your purse? www.evdeningilizce.com.tr
1-C 2-E 3-B 4-D 5-B 6-B 7-E 8-A

9-B 10-C 11-D 12-D 13-E 14-C 15-D 16-E
102
3. Tourist : Excuse me, can I, well,
TEST how can I say?
DIALOGUE COMPLETION
2
Jessica : Don’t be tense, what’s the
problem?
1. Clerk : You don’t look alright. Do you
have any problem? Tourist : ----.
Smith : Yes I’ve got a toothache. Jessica : Well, that's easy. This train
straight goes there. Get off at the
Clerk : ----? second station and you’ll see it with its
high minarets.
Smith : No I haven't.
A) Where can I buy a hamburger and a
Clerk : I‘ll give you an aspirin then.
cola, please?
A) Have you gone to the company
B) I parked my car right here, but I can
B) Have you taken any painkiller not find it now.
C) Would you like to eat something C) Do you know where the nearest police
station is?
D) Will you study for your exam
D) I'm absolutely lost and I don’t know
E) Have you got anything to tell me how to go to the Blue Mosque.
E) I want to visit Topkapı Palace but I can’t

find my way.
4. Interviewer: Have you ever been in

this post before?
2. Secretary : ----
Applicant : Sure, I worked for an
Accountant : Not yet. Who told you this? international American company as a
specialist.
Secretary : Mr. Brown, the vice manager.
Interviewer: ----
Accountant : Then, we must take it into
consideration. Applicant : Certainly. Before that, I
had finished English literature
A) Unless they are paid right now, the workers program at the university.
will quit the job.
A) Then, you are experienced in this sector
B) Have you heard that our company will fire for only two years.
some workers next month?
B) Do you have any obstacle to travelling?
C) You will be given all the salaries tomorrow
evening. C) From which university did you
graduate?
D) Will there be a rise in the salaries in the
new year? D) So, your English must be quite good.
E) Do you know what has been discussed in E) ls it money which influenced your
the meeting? choice?
103
5. Mike : I can’t stand my new neighbor. 7. Alice: Where is the new hotel to
be?
Jason : Why? What is the reason?
Tom : At the corner of Longway and
Mike : ---- Market Street.
Jason : Well, I see. You are a little bit Alice : ----
jealous.
Tom : No, the garage will be further
A) I haven't known him for a long time so I down Market Street.
cannot comment on this subject at all.
A) Is it between Longway and Market
B) I cannot express my feelings about him. He Street?
is a very cruel man.
B) I thought there was to be a garage
C) Well, he is always throwing his garbage to there.
the garden.
C) Where is the garage then?
D) He has a brand-new car and he has a very
happy family and a well-paid job. D) Then, could you tell me how I can get
to the garage?
E) Who do you think you are? Jean Piaget?
E) Do we have to take a taxi in order to
go to the garage?
8. Tom : Hello Chris! What have you

6. Tom : What do you think about your been doing for the past few weeks?
new math teacher? Why haven't I seen you for such a
long time?
Paulo : ----
Chris: I haven't been feeling very
Tom : Why not? By the way how long has well lately. I have got a lot of rather
it been since he came? bad headaches.
A) I think, it's rather early to answer this. Tom : ----
B) I never attend to math lessons. Chris : Not yet, I will see one later
this evening.
C) I don't like him at all.
A) Oh, I see! Have you tried taking some
D) Why did you ask this question? medicine?
E) What do you want to learn? B) Oh, dear. Have you seen a doctor
about it?
C) Oh! Has your doctor been able to find

out the reason for it?
D) What a pity? Then, what does your

doctor say!
E) But we were planning to see our

friends, weren‘t we’?
104
9. David : ---- 11. Principal : What do you think is
the most effective way of dealing
George : No, of course, but I don't know with this matter?
anything about the machinery.
Teacher : ----
David : Thank you, what I want you to
do is only to hold this part. Principal : But, William may feel
threatened if we ask his parents to
A) I think you are very good at mending the come in.
machines, aren't you?
A) I would like to have the school staff
B) Would you mind helping me repairing the try a more effective method.
radio’?
B) We should involve his parents in such
C) If you had the chance would you become a a way that William would not feel
mechanic? threatened.
D) Have you seen the item I put on the C) William has a great respect for his
table? parents, l suggest to set up a meeting
E) Can you help me if I build fence around with them.
the garden? D) I believe that the best thing is to
have a private talk with him.
E) We had better ask the manager to

take necessary precautions.
10. Davis : You know Joe, the big guy

with the mustache and the black curly
hair?
Julia : ---- 12. Enfield : Have you ever noticed

Davis : He’s always smoking a pipe, that door in this street? It is
wears the old green army jacket. connected in my mind with a strange
story.
Julia : That is okay now.
Bob : Indeed! What was that?
A) No, I can’t picture him.
Enfield : ----
B) Why do you hate him that much’?
Bob : It doesn’t sound very credible,
C) Oh, yes. ls that the guy Jane is going to but it must have been terrible to
get married’? see.
D) He is handsome but he doesn’t wear A) Well, it was like that; a man stepped
smartly. calmly on the child’s body and left her
screaming on the ground.
E) I have never met anyone smoking pipe.
B) That was so interesting. I bet you
don't want to know what it was.
C) It was too foolish to tell you. Please

don't insist on this matter.
D) I must be so careful. The man may

have recognized me.
E) It should be a strange story.
105
13. Nanny : What would you like to be in 15. Daniel : Did you listen to the new
the future, little Di? album of Midnight Vultures?
Diana : ---- Mary : ----
Nanny : So you have great expectations. Daniel : Well, it is the name of boy-
band of the U.S. They are mostly
Diana : You’ll see, I won‘t be just a doing soft-rock.
famous person but the most important
person of the world. A) Actually, I don’t like pop music at all.
A) I don't know I haven’t decided yet. B) Oh, I know that group. They are
really popular nowadays.
B) I want a beautiful new doll.
C) In fact, I have never heard of that
C) I would love to be a dancer or princess of name.
Wales.
D) Don’t you know that I'm a real fan of
D) I will fight for the children who don‘t have them’?
any toys.
E) Well, the name sounds somewhat
E) I will have a rich husband and two sons. interesting to
16. Maggie : What do you think we

can do to reduce the garbage?
14. Teacher : The deadline for your papers John : Well, I think we should think
is on 12th May. about
James : Could you please extend the date? different ways to use our old things
so that we don’t waste the world's
Teacher : ---- valuable resources. This will save
money and energy.
James : Yes, sir. We have a class project
for next week. Maggie : ----
A) I'm expecting you in my room for your John : Yes, that is right.
excuse.
A) Would it make any help to punish
B) I hope you will have finished until people who are throwing garbage on the
tomorrow. streets?
C) I informed you about the date three weeks B) That means you are in favor of taking
ago. strict measures to prevent air pollution.
D) I don‘t think you have acceptable reasons. C) So, you think we can recycle a lot of
things
E) If I change the date, will it help you?
D) Do you think it is the most effective
way to prevent garbage?
E) But, will those be enough to protect

the environment from the pollutants.
1-B 2-B 3-D 4-D 5-D 6-C 7-B 8-B

9-B 10-A 11-C 12-A 13-C 14-E 15-C 16-C
106
4. (I) Fever is an elevation of the body
TEST temperature above the normal of about
IRRELEVANT SENTENCE
1 37  C. (II) The normal body
temperature varies slightly from one
person to another and even in the same
1. (I) In Egypt’s rainless, hot climate,
person. (III) For some people a
settlements were built along the Nile or a
temperature of 37.2  C is normal. (IV)
canal. (II) Usually they were located high
In most people the body temperature
enough to avoid being flooded when the Nile
tends to be slightly higher during the
rose each year. (III) However, little can be
day. (V) Generally the body
seen of these earliest villages, which now lie
temperature is lowest in the early
buried under layers of sediment, except for
morning, and is the highest in late
those on the outskirts of the desert. (IV)
afternoon.
Egyptian houses, palaces, and forts have
been built of wood and much brick. (V) These A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
desert settlements are generally the
representations of huts.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
5. (I) Spain remained neutral in World

War I. (II) And she profited greatly by
2. (I) Compass is a device for determining selling industrial good to the warring
directions. (II) The simplest form of the nations. (III) But the war’s end caused
compass is a magnetic needle that turns. widespread unemployment in Spain, and
(III) The needle is mounted on a pivot so that Spaniards who had jobs earned low
it can move freely. (IV) The Mariner’s wages. (IV) In 1912, Spain gained
compass is a large magnetic compass used control over parts of Morocco but the
aboard a boat or ship. (V) It points in the Moroccans would not submit to Spanish
direction of the magnetic north and south authority. (V) These conditions added to
poles. an already growing discontent with the
government.
3. (I) Teachers should look at the universe

from multiple angels. (II) They shouldn’t
confine themselves within the walls of the
6. (I) Choose a machine you are
school or within the limits of the syllabus.
interested in and find out the safety
(III)A teacher is expected to see every
precautions to use it. (II) Machines are
student as a masterpiece to create according
very helpful to people (III) However, if
to a carefully designed curriculum. (IV) They
machines are not used properly, they
should teach their correspondents how to see
can cause serious injury. (IV) It is
a view in its multidimensionality and how to
important to use proper safety
turn any input of data into information. (V)
precautions when you use and kind of
Furthermore, they should not be a
machine. (V) Helmets, kneepads, and
transmitter of information before checking
goggles are all safety items you might
whether the receivers are ready to detect.
need.
107
7. (I) Airbags are made of nylon. (II) They 10. (I) Have you ever had a plant for a
can be located inside steering wheels, pet? (II) Well, a Venus’s flytrap is no
dashboards, and door mounts. (III) If you ordinary pet. (III) But you can buy one
want to have many airbags in your car, then in a plant store, keep it at home, and
you have to play more. (IV) A chemical watch how it traps food. (IV) If you do
decomposition reaction puts the air in buy one, be sure to ask about
airbags. (V) If a crash occurs, a sensor device instructions for taking care of it. (V) The
installed in the car activates the inflation plants growing at the of a pond look
system. harmless enough.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
11. (I) Emergency medical technicians,

or EMTS, are popularly known as
“paramedic”. (II) They generally drive
8. (I) A major reason for the widespread use ambulances and provide emergency
treatment to victims of accidents, heart
of radios is their portability. (II) Portability

means the ability to be carried around easily. attacks, and other life – threatening
(III) Some radios are usually large and are events. (III) They determine the type of
powered by current from electric outlets. (IV) injury or illness and give appropriate
But millions of radios are small that are emergency treatment when needed. (IV)
powered by little batteries. (V) People can Police, hospitals and fire departments
listen to these radios almost everywhere. should be educated on what to do in an
emergency. (V) Their job may include
the control of bleeding, restoration of
breathing, and treatment of shock.
9. (I) Violin is a stringed instrument that is 12. (I) Factory is a building or group of
played with a bow. (II) It is probably the best buildings in which products are
known and most widely used of all orchestral manufactured. (II) it may be as small as
instruments. (III) Some of the greatest music a house and have only a few simple
in the worlds owes much of its beauty to the machines. (III) Before the development
violin. (IV) The best producer of violin is of factories, workers in homes or small
Stradivarius. (V) Such music may be the produced most of the products. (IV) it
sound of a mighty orchestra, with dozens of may have several buildings and cover
violins playing together. one or city blocks, as well. (V) Factories
make almost all the products we use
except food.
108
13. (I) The only solutions to kidney failure 16. (I) Fern is a flowerless plant which
are the acquisition of a new kidney through has many sizes and shapes. (II) Some
transplantation or dialysis. (II) A successfully look like moss and others grow to be as
transplanted kidney performs all the large as trees. (III) The large ferns of
functions of a normal kidney. (III) The South America may become 40 feet tall.
principal difficulty with kidney transplantation (IV) It is not surprising to see a 72
is the small number of individuals who donate meter-tall tree in a rainforest. (V) They
their kidneys. (IV) A single dialysis treatment have thick, woody trunks with feathery
usually takes nearly five hours. (V) Hence, crowns of large leaves.
most uremic patients must rely on dialysis.
14. (I) In the Tower of London in England,

there is a very special room protected by
guards. (II) There, inside a thick glass case,
are jeweled crowns once worn by kings and
queens. (III) Most diamonds seem to flash
with a kind of white fire. (IV) People from all
over the world come to see the shimmering
diamonds and other precious stones on the

crowns that shine from behind the glass. (V)
They are sparkle and glitter in the light.
15. (I) Today’s gasoline – powered cars use

up much of American’s oil supply. (II) The
glasses that they give off account for almost
half the amount of pollution in the air. (III) In
addition, the supply of oil and other resources
are limited, and the increasing pollution in
the air is a health concern. (IV) As a result,
some auto-makers are looking to make
electric cars an alternative to gasoline
powered cars. (V) Electric cars are faster
than gas-powered cars.
1-D 2-D 3-C 4-A 5-D 6-A 7-C 8-B

9-D 10-E 11-D 12-C 13-D 14-C 15-E 16-D
109
4. (I) Indigo bird is a North American
TEST Songbird. (II) It belongs to the finch
IRRELEVANT SENTENCE
2 family. (III) In summer, it ranges from
Ontario, Quebec and New Brunswick as
far south as the Gulf states. (IV) The
1. (I) Depression is a condition in economic
female indigos lay three or four pale
life in which a great many people have no
bluish-white eggs in a nest of grass,
work and the general level of economic
weeds, and bark. (V) It spends the
activity is low. (II) During a depression,
winter from southern Mexico to Panama.
people often follow any person who promises
a change. (III) To one person depression A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
means standing in bread lines. (IV) To
another, it means business failure and the
necessity for a new start. (V) To still another,
it means the loss of a life’s savings in a bank
failure.
5. (I) Prehistoric people probably used

drugs long before the first civilizations
arose. (II) During this period, scientists
have discovered hundreds of drugs. (III)

It is likely that they discovered their
2. (I) Plato was interested in how we can aches and pains disappeared after they
apply a single word or concept to many ate certain plants. (IV) They may have
different things. (II) For example, how can also noticed that animals ate certain
the word ‘table’ be used for all the individual plants only when they were ill and
objects that are tables? (Ill) Plato answered became better. (V) Then they probably
that various things can be called by the same ate the same plants when they felt sick
name because they have something in
common. (IV) He called this common factor
the thing's form or idea. (V) A particular table
seems odd when it has triangular shape
6. (I) Waste in all kinds of goods in our

daily lives is decreasing day by day. (II)
Electronic waste is a danger that
threatens your own and many others’
3. (I) Learning a language is primarily about daily lives. (III) Also, we cannot ignore
listening and repeating what is said, like a its effect on global warming. (IV) Did
parrot. (II) We've all seen how babies and you know that electronic waste stands
toddlers do it. (III) At the age of 3 they are for 2 percent of trash in the world, but it
learning a handful of words a day. (I\/) There equals 70 percent of overall toxic
is no reason why you can’t do the same. (V) waste’? (V) This is horrible for both
Learning a foreign language isn’t so difficult humans and our world.
when you learn it in its natural environment.
110
7. (I) In ancient times, towers were built 10. (I) Man’s activity of designing,
with hard stones. (II) A fire tower was built building, and flying aircraft is called
as a part of Bayezid Mosque complex in aeronautics. (II) Airplanes have brought
1749.(III) But since it was made of wood, it about many changes in man's way of
was destroyed in the Cibali fire of 1755. life. (III) Millions of people depend on
(IV) Its replacement, also of wood, was airplanes for swift transportation. (IV)
burned down in the riots that took place Business expect quick air-mail service,
during the region of Sultan Mahmud II. (V) and many industries ship their products
It was rebuilt with strong stones afterwards. by air. (V) Airplanes serve man in many
other ways, from helping fight forest
fires to carrying emergency aid.
8. (I)The earliest Greek manuscripts were

written in straight capital letters, imitated
from the letters carved on inscriptions. (II)
Another uppercase script was used at the 11. (I) Cloud is a mass of small water
same time, and after the 4th century A.D. droplets or tiny ice crystals that floats in
the air. (II) Clouds play an important
supplanted the first; this “uncial” script,

slightly rounded on certain letters, lasted part in the earth’s weather. (III) The
until the 9th century. (III) The capitals and water that they bring as rain and snow is
uncials were written in both chancery and necessary to all forms of life. (IV) Cloud
library scripts. (IV) After the 5th century shapes change because of the action of
A.D. the lower-case cursive styles came into winds and air movements. (V) On the
use, first tor chancery writing, then for other hand, clouds can also bring
library.(V) According to shape of letters in destruction in the form of hail or
one’s handwriting, is character may be tornadoes.
predicted
9. (I) A recent study on animals‘ hunting

instinct has been published to reveal some
unknown facts. (II) Some animals like 12. (I) Most clear, dark nights you can
dolphins and bats use sound and waves for see a shooting star, as we call it, if you
navigation. (III) They emit short sonar keep looking. (II) Those shooting stars
pulses and listen to the echoes reflecting are meteors. (III) They are points of
back from solid objects. (IV) Echoes which light that suddenly appear in the sky,
arrive at different times are coded by like distant stars. (IV) Then they race
detector neurons. (V) These echoes are across the darkness, usually toward the
used as a main cue for positioning objects horizon, and disappear. (V) For a long
in an environment. time nobody knew what a meteor was.
111
13. (I) A generalization is a general idea or 16. (I) Granada is a city and province in
statement derived from particular instances. southeastern Spain. (II) It is situated on
(II) Before folktales were preserved in written the Genil River, at the foot of Sierra
form, they were simply stories retold Nevada mountains, 225 miles south of
whenever a group of people with the same Madrid, near the Mediterranean Sea.
interests gathered. (III) Many times, the (III) Granada was the capital of the
storyteller would claim to have witnessed the former Moorish kingdom of Granada,
tale in order to make it seem more authentic. sometimes called Upper Andalusia. (IV)
(IV) The tales that people chose to recount The city has a very strategic importance
indicate something about what their lives for its location. (V) The city functions as
were like. (V) For example, a tale shows you a link between the Atlantic and
the rugged lives that loggers lived. Mediterranean coasts of Spain.
14. (I) “Anglo-Saxons” is the name given to

the important branch of the Germanic tribes
who settled in Britain during the 5th and 6th

centuries A.D. (II) They migrated from the
lands between the Rhine and the Elbe. (III)
They came from three very powerful nations
of Germans: the Saxons, the Angles, and the
Jutes. (IV) By the 7th century settlement had
fused tribes into kingdoms which possessed a
predominant Anglian, Saxon and Jutish stock.
(V) A unified kingdom of the Britain was
always under the influence of Scandinavian
invasion.
15. (I) People join clubs for a number of

reasons. (II) Sometimes they merely believe
in or favor the purposes of the club and wish
to help it. (III) Some people value
exclusiveness in a club, and are happy to
become members of a group. (IV) A club is
usually confined to one community, but there
are many official and voluntary groups. (V)
Sometimes they want fellowship.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V 1-B 2-E 3-E 4-D 5-B 6-A 7-A 8-E
9-A 10-A 11-D 12-E 13-A 14-E 15-D 16-C
112

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İÇİNDEKİLER

PASSIVE & CAUSATIVE…………………………………………………………….11

GERUND & INFINITIVE…………………………………………………………...27

CHAPTER 2 – QUESTION TYPES

C) changes / has changed

7. Once that island ---- all the world to me.

A) was being / learned

14. My mother ---- into the kitchen

15. You can find many books with

1.D 2.D 3.E 4.A 5.A 6.D 7.D 8.B

A) didn’t see / saw

B) haven’t seen / had seen

10. As the sun's first rays of

A) had blazed / emerged A) have written / will have finished

11. By 1980 most scientists ---- that the

12. The Maya civilization ---- for 2700

B) has been established / began C) would have made / lost

10. By the year 2053 Istanbul ---- under

11. They ---- for an hour when the police

12. Since I ---- very much this week, I ----

1.D 2.C 3.C 4.C 5.D 6.B 7.C 8.E

which definition is appropriate.

E) don't need to be seen

16. You ---- him that you were

B) could have been

8. In the middle of the twentieth

14. Allergies ---- abnormal reactions of

11. Sound wave ---- different

16. The house seemed so old-fashioned

8. Viruses ---- by the Russian scientist

10. As the aquatic plants die and decay,

15. I can’t ---- anybody ---- into

16. My brother has difficulty in

1.D 2.C 3.C 4.B 5.E 6.A 7.B 8.A

A) found / have been situated

8. The application of chemistry to

14. Among the words that ---- in

E) being associated / are related

15. The cells of the human body ---

16. If you want to ---- your car ----,

1.C 2.D 3.B 4.E 5.C 6.C 7.D 8.A

11. If teachers ---- the student’s

12. If blood pressure ---- to fall, the

1.A 2.A 3.D 4.A 5.B 6.A 7.E 8.E

C) isn't / won’t build

8. If there ---- gas or electricity, a

10. I know that you're a liar; if you ----

11. If I ---- an invitation from my cousin

1.B 2.A 3.C 4.D 5.A 6.A 7.B 8.C

8. I may be out of the office this

14. He told me that he had known people -

E) for whom / where

1.E 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.E 6.C 7.B 8.A

6. The ancient Greeks wrote of certain

7. The usefulness of an accumulator is

4. Airlines must operate between

10. The water screw is associated with

11. When she was seven, Winona’s

1.D 2.E 3.C 4.A 5.A 6.A 7.B 8.C