Probability

Probability - Year 1 Statistics PhysicsAndMathsTutor.
com
Questions
Q1.
The Venn diagram shows the probabilities for students at a college taking part in various
sports.
A represents the event that a student takes part in Athletics.
T represents the event that a student takes part in Tennis.
C represents the event that a student takes part in Cricket.
p and q are probabilities.
The probability that a student selected at random takes part in Athletics or Tennis is 0.75
(a) Find the value of p.

(1)
(b) State, giving a reason, whether or not the events A and T are statistically independent.
Show your working clearly.
(3)
(c) Find the probability that a student selected at random does not take part in Athletics or
Cricket.
(1)
(Total for question = 5 marks)

Probability - Year 1 Statistics PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
Q2.
A factory buys 10% of its components from supplier A, 30% from supplier B and the rest
from supplier C. It is known that 6% of the components it buys are faulty.
Of the components bought from supplier A, 9% are faulty and of the components bought
from supplier B, 3% are faulty.
(a) Find the percentage of components bought from supplier C that are faulty.
(3)
A component is selected at random.
(b) Explain why the event "the component was bought from supplier B " is not statistically
independent from the event "the component is faulty".
(1)

Q3.
A biased spinner can only land on one of the numbers 1, 2, 3 or 4. The random variable X
represents the number that the spinner lands on after a single spin and P(X = r) = P(X = r +
2) for r = 1, 2
Given that P(X = 2) = 0.35
(a) find the complete probability distribution of X.

(2)
Ambroh spins the spinner 60 times.
(b) Find the probability that more than half of the spins land on the number 4
Give your answer to 3 significant figures.
(3)
The random variable
(c) Find P(Y – X ≤ 4)

(3)

Q4.
The Venn diagram shows three events, A, B and C, and their associated probabilities.
Events B and C are mutually exclusive.

Events A and C are independent.
Showing your working, find the value of x, the value of y and the value of z.

Q5.
A fair 5-sided spinner has sides numbered 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
The spinner is spun once and the score of the side it lands on is recorded.
(a) Write down the name of the distribution that can be used to model the score of the side it
lands on.
(1)
The spinner is spun 28 times.
The random variable X represents the number of times the spinner lands on 2
(b) (i) Find the probability that the spinner lands on 2 at least 7 times.
(ii) Find P(4 ≤ X < 8)
(5)

Q6.
In a game, a player can score 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 points each time the game is played.
The random variable S, representing the player's score, has the following probability
distribution where a, b and c
are constants.
The probability of scoring less than 2 points is twice the probability of scoring at least 2
points.
Each game played is independent of previous games played.
John plays the game twice and adds the two scores together to get a total.
Calculate the probability that the total is 6 points.

Q7.
Afrika works in a call centre.
She assumes that calls are independent and knows, from past experience, that on each
sales call
that she makes there is a probability of that it is successful.
Afrika makes 9 sales calls.
(a) Calculate the probability that at least 3 of these sales calls will be successful.
(2)
The probability of Afrika making a successful sales call is the same each day.
Afrika makes 9 sales calls on each of 5 different days.
(b) Calculate the probability that at least 3 of the sales calls will be successful on exactly 1
of these days.
(2)
Rowan works in the same call centre as Afrika and believes he is a more successful
salesperson.
To check Rowan's belief, Afrika monitors the next 35 sales calls Rowan makes and finds
that 11 of the sales calls are successful.
(c) Stating your hypotheses clearly test, at the 5% level of significance, whether or not
there is evidence to support Rowan's belief.
(4)

Q8.
The Venn diagram, where p is a probability, shows the 3 events A, B and C with their
associated probabilities.
(a) Find the value of p.

(1)
(b) Write down a pair of mutually exclusive events from A, B and C.
(1)

Q9.
Two bags, A and B, each contain balls which are either red or yellow or green.
Bag A contains 4 red, 3 yellow and n green balls.

Bag B contains 5 red, 3 yellow and 1 green ball.
A ball is selected at random from bag A and placed into bag B.

A ball is then selected at random from bag B and placed into bag A.
The probability that bag A now contains an equal number of red, yellow and green balls is p.
Given that p > 0, find the possible values of n and p.

Q10.
Helen believes that the random variable C, representing cloud cover from the large data set,
can be modelled by a discrete uniform distribution.
(a) Write down the probability distribution for C.

(2)
(b) Using this model, find the probability that cloud cover is less than 50%
(1)
Helen used all the data from the large data set for Hurn in 2015 and found that the
proportion of days with cloud cover of less than 50% was 0.315
(c) Comment on the suitability of Helen's model in the light of this information.
(1)
(d) Suggest an appropriate refinement to Helen's model.
(1)

Q11.
Magali is studying the mean total cloud cover, in oktas, for Leuchars in 1987 using data
from the large data set. The daily mean total cloud cover for all 184 days from the large
data set is summarised in the table below.
One of the 184 days is selected at random.
(a) Find the probability that it has a daily mean total cloud cover of 6 or greater.
(1)
Magali is investigating whether the daily mean total cloud cover can be modelled using a
binomial distribution.
She uses the random variable X to denote the daily mean total cloud cover and believes that
X ~ B(8, 0.76)
Using Magali's model,
(b) (i) find P(X ≥ 6)

(2)
(ii) find, to 1 decimal place, the expected number of days in a sample of 184 days
with a daily mean total cloud cover of 7
(2)
(c) Explain whether or not your answers to part (b) support the use of Magali's model.
(1)
There were 28 days that had a daily mean total cloud cover of 8
For these 28 days the daily mean total cloud cover for the following day is shown in the
table below.
(d) Find the proportion of these days when the daily mean total cloud cover was 6 or
greater.
(1)
(e) Comment on Magali's model in light of your answer to part (d).
(2)

Q12.
The discrete random variable D has the following probability distribution
where k is a constant.
(a) Show that the value of k is

(2)
The random variables D1 and D2 are independent and each have the same distribution as D.
(b) Find P (D1 + D2 = 80)

Give your answer to 3 significant figures.
(3)
A single observation of D is made.
The value obtained, d, is the common difference of an arithmetic sequence.
The first 4 terms of this arithmetic sequence are the angles, measured in degrees, of
quadrilateral Q
(c) Find the exact probability that the smallest angle of Q is more than 50°
(5)

Q13.
The discrete random variable X has the following probability distribution
where
• a, b and c are distinct integers (a < b < c)

• all the probabilities are greater than zero
(a) Find
(i) the value of a
(ii) the value of b
(iii) the value of c
Show your working clearly.
(5)
The independent random variables X1 and X2 each have the same distribution as X
(b) Find P(X1 = X2)

(2)

Q14.
(a) State one disadvantage of using quota sampling compared with simple random
sampling.
(1)
In a university 8% of students are members of the university dance club.
A random sample of 36 students is taken from the university.
The random variable X represents the number of these students who are members of the
dance club.
(b) Using a suitable model for X, find

(i) P(X = 4)
(ii) P(X ≥ 7)
(3)
Only 40% of the university dance club members can dance the tango.
(c) Find the probability that a student is a member of the university dance club and can
dance the tango.
(1)
A random sample of 50 students is taken from the university.
(d) Find the probability that fewer than 3 of these students are members of the university
dance club and can dance the tango.
(2)

Mark Scheme
Q1.
Q2.
Q3.
Q4.
Q5.
Q6.
Q7.
Q8.
Q9.
Q10.
Q11.
Q12.
Q13.
Q14.

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Probability - Year 1 Statistics PhysicsAndMathsTutor.

(a) Find the value of p.

(Total for question = 5 marks)

(Total for question = 4 marks)

Given that P(X = 2) = 0.35

(a) find the complete probability distribution of X.

The random variable

(c) Find P(Y – X ≤ 4)

(Total for question = 8 marks)

Events B and C are mutually exclusive.

(Total for question = 5 marks)

A fair 5-sided spinner has sides numbered 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5

(Total for question = 6 marks)

Each game played is independent of previous games played.

Calculate the probability that the total is 6 points.

(Total for question = 6 marks)

Afrika works in a call centre.

that she makes there is a probability of that it is successful.

Afrika makes 9 sales calls.

Afrika makes 9 sales calls on each of 5 different days.

(Total for question = 8 marks)

(a) Find the value of p.

(Total for question = 2 marks)

Bag A contains 4 red, 3 yellow and n green balls.

A ball is selected at random from bag A and placed into bag B.

Given that p > 0, find the possible values of n and p.

(Total for question = 5 marks)

(a) Write down the probability distribution for C.

(Total for question = 5 marks)

One of the 184 days is selected at random.

Using Magali's model,

(b) (i) find P(X ≥ 6)

(Total for question = 9 marks)

The discrete random variable D has the following probability distribution

(a) Show that the value of k is

(b) Find P (D1 + D2 = 80)

The value obtained, d, is the common difference of an arithmetic sequence.

(Total for question = 10 marks)

The discrete random variable X has the following probability distribution

• a, b and c are distinct integers (a < b < c)

(b) Find P(X1 = X2)

(Total for question = 7 marks)

A random sample of 36 students is taken from the university.

(b) Using a suitable model for X, find

(Total for question = 7 marks)

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