TANZANIA HEADS OF ISLAMIC SCHOOLS COUNCIL

FORM FOUR INTER ISLAMIC MOCK EXAMINATION

PHYSICS 1
031/1
MARKING SCHEME, JULY 2021

SECTION A: (15 marks)

1.

I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X

E C C E A A A D B E
(10 marks @ 01 mark)
2.

LIST A I II II IV V
LIST B B F J A E
(05 marks @ 01 mark)
SECTION B (60 Marks)
3. (a) (i) Surface area of a liquid
When the surface area exposed is large; the rate of evaporation is
increased because there are many molecules near the surface of the
liquid. [02 ½ marks]
(ii) Higher humidity
When there is higher humidity of the atmosphere, the rate of
evaporation is decreased because, there is higher concentration of
water in the atmosphere. [02 ½ marks]
(b) Water in takes and ponds usually freezes in winter. Ice, being less denser than
water, floats on the water. This insulates the water below against heat loss to
the cold air above. Water at 4oC being most dense remains at the bottom of the
lakes, while ice being less dense than floats on the layers of water at different
temperature as shown in figure below:

(03)

(Variation of temperature in a frozen lake)

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  This enables fish and other aquatic life to survive in the water below the
ice. [02 mark]
4. (a) - The tension T in the rope is equal to effort E applied.
- The load is supported with two tensions; [01mark]

L=2T
 L = 2E
𝐿 2𝐸
But M.A 𝐸= 𝐸 = 2 01mark
 M.A = 2 shown 01 mark

(b) Characteristics of the image of Sukhaila;

(i) It is virtual
(ii) It is same size as object
(iii) It is laterally inverted
(iv) It is the same distance behind the mirror as the object infront
(v) It is erect (up-right) [@01mark]

5. (a) Given;

Rated iron = 240V, 2000N

time, t = 10hours/month
Cost, 1 unit = 100/=

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 Solution
Electrical energy = Power x time
= 2Kw x 10h/month
= 20Kwh/month [01mark]
Cost per month
1Kwh = 100/=
20Kwh = x
𝑥 + 1𝐾𝑤ℎ 20𝐾𝑤ℎ × 100
=
1𝐾𝑤ℎ 1𝐾𝑤ℎ
x = 2000/= per month [01mark]

Cost of 3 months
 Cost = 3 x 2000/= = 6000/= [01mark]
 The cost will be 6000/= [01 mark]
5. (b) (i) OHM’S LAW
“At constant temperature and other physical factors, a current in
conductor is directly proportional to the potential different across its
ends”. [01mark]

LIMITATIONS
- Temperature must remain constant [ ½ mark]
- The law is not applied in no ohmic materials such as liquids, gases
and some solid. – Electrolyte
- - Semiconductor [ ½ mark]

(ii) E.m.f = 1.5V - Grasses

Potential difference, V1 = 1.0V
Resistance, R2 = R
Potential difference, V2 = 0.5V, But,
V1 = I1R1 ………………. (i)
E = V1 + I1r ……………. (ii)
And
E = V2 + I2r …………….. (iii)
V2 = I2R2 ……………….. (iv)………………………… [01 Mark]
E and r remain unchanged since the same cell is used take
Take equation ……………. (i)
V1 = I1R1
1.0 = 10I1
I1 = 0.1A

Thus form equation ………… (ii)

E = V1 + I1r = But I1 = 0.1A
1.5 = 0.5 + 5I2
1.0 = 5I2 [01 Mark]

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 I2 = 0.2A [0 ½ mark]

Substitute the value of I2 into eqn(iv)

V2 = I2R2
0.5 = 0.2R2
R2 = 2.5

 R2 = R = 2.5 [ ½ mark]

Resistance = 2.5 and internal resistor = 5 [1mark]

6. (a) (i) Half-life is defined as the time taken for one-half of the atoms of a
radioactive to disintegrate. [01 mark]

(ii) Binding energy – Is the energy needed to separate nucleus into

individual protons and neutron
OR
Binding energy – Is the energy hold protons and neutrons present in
the nucleus oppose and overcome repulsion between protons. [1mark]

(iii) Radioactive Decay - Is the process in which an unstable atomic

nucleus loses energy by emitting radiation in the form of particles or
electromagnetic wave.

(b) (i) Four danger’s (hazards) occur when handling radioactive materials.
- Eye cataracts
- Cancer
- Skin burns
- Leukemia and other blood disorders
@ ½ mark = 02 marks
238 238 0
(ii) 92𝑈 2 94𝑋 + 2 −1𝑒 , A = 238, Z=94 ½ mark

238 230
94𝑋 2 90𝑇 + 2( 42𝐻𝑒), A=230, Z=90. ½ mark

230 230
90𝑇 𝛼 90𝐺 , A=230, Z=90 ½ mark

Where A = Mass number [02 marks]

B = Atomic number
(c) (i) Data given
Initial count rate (No) = 1200 counts/min

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 Final count rate (N) = 150 counts/min
Time taken (T) = 15 hours
1
Required Half-life ((𝑡 2) = ?

𝑇
1 𝑡
From N = No(2) ½ [ ½ mark]
𝑇
(𝑡)
1
150 = 1200 (2) ½
1
= 150/1200 = (2) T/t ½ [ ½ mark]
1 1
=( ) 15/t ½
8 2
1 3 1
(2) = (2)15/t ½
15
3=
𝑡1
2
𝑡1=15= 5 hours.
2 3
Half-life = 5 hours [ ½ mark]

6. (c) (ii) Data given

Initial number of atoms (No)= 3x1020 atoms.
Final number of atoms (N) = ?
Time taken (T) = 25hrs.
Half-life (t1/2) = 5hrs.

1
From N=No (2) T/t1/2 [ ½ mark]
25
20 1 5
N = 3x10 (2)
1 5
N = 3 x 1020(2)
N= 9.375 x 1018 [ ½ mark]
But
Number of decay = 3 x 1020 – 9.375 x 1018 = 2.9062 x 1020
The atom that will decay 2.9062 x 1020 C.P.S. [ ½ mark]

7. (a) Both P-type and N-type semiconductors are formed by doping process.
01mark
P-type is formed by adding a trivalent atoms such as Boron to an extrinsic
semiconductor and results in availability of holes in valence band.
02marks
N-type semiconductors is formed by adding a pentavalent atom (donor) such
as phosphorus to an extrinsic semiconductor (Germanium or Silicon) and
causes the presence of free electrons in a conduction band.

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 02marks
(b) Five hazards of earthquakes
(i) Landslides
The shaking caused by an earthquake can cause mountain slopes and
cliffs to move downwards causing landslides. 01mark
(ii) Collapsing buildings
A strong earthquakes can flatten a whole city by collapsing all
buildings. 01mark
(iii) Opening deep valleys
An earthquake can displace parts of the earth’s crust causing a deep
valley. 01mark
(iv) Tsunamis
An earthquake that occurs under the see can cause tsunamis.01mark
(v) Fire outbreak
It can happen when the earthquake cause oil or gas to break or collapse
of electrical lines. 01mark

8. (a) (i) A couple is a pair of forces, equal in magnitude but oppositely directed
and displaced by perpendicular distance. 01mark
(ii) Center of gravity is the point in which all particles weight act on it.
01mark
(iii) Centre of mass
Is the point in which mass of the body or particle appears to be
concentrated. 01mark
(b) Stable equilibrium
Stable equilibrium occurs when a body slight displaced the body returns to its
original position after displacement.
Diagram

[01mark
W
Unstable Equilibrium
Unstable equilibrium occurs when a body slight displaced the body it does not
returns to its original position after displacement. EXAMPLE human body

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 Neutral Equilibrium
Neutral equilibrium occurs when a body slight displaced the body it does not
alter the position of the center of gravity. EXAMPLE, A ball.

W [01 mark]

8. (c) A B

+2cm 16cm

W
35g
01mark

From principle of moment

Sum of Anticlockwise moment’s = sum of anticlockwise moments ½ mark
(i) 35g x 16cm = 7cm x w ½ mark
35𝑔×16𝑐𝑚
W= 𝑔
7𝑐𝑚
W = 80g ½ mark
(ii) Force = weight = mass x gravity ½ mark
Force = 80 x 10-3 x 10N
Force = 0.80N 02 marks

SECTION C (25 Marks)

9. (a) A swimmer coming out of water on windy day usually feels cold because
evaporation of water from the surface of his/her body. 01mark

As water evaporates, it absorbs latent heat of vaporization from the body

which results in cooling effect. 1 ½ mark
(b) Evidence on properties of cathode rays:
(i) When cathode rays are allowed to pass through an obstacle (in maltese
cross tube), they cast a sharp shadow on a screen. This shows that
cathode rays travel in straight cene. 02marks
(ii) When cathode rays are allowed to pass through magnetic field, they
deflected towards the north pole. This shows that cathode rays are
charged particles with negative charge.

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 (iii) If a beam of cathode rays is allowed to strike a movable frictionless
paddle wheel in a discharge tube, the wheel moves and rotates. This
shows that cathode rays have momentum and energy. 02marks
(c) (i) Data
L = 8cm
fo = ?
fi = ?
v = 340Hz
𝑉
fo = 4(𝐿+𝐶) …………………………. 01 Mark
340
fo = 4(0.08+0.02) Hz………………….½ mark
fo = 850Hz ½ mark
(c) (ii) For first overtone – f1.
f1 = 3fo 1mark
f1 = 3 x 850Hz ½ mark
f1 = 2550Hz ½ mark

10. (a) LENZ’S LAW

(i) States that “The direction of induced e.m.f is such that the resulting
induced current flows in such a way that the direction oppose the
change that causing it”. 01mark

FARADAY’S LAW
States that “The induced e.m.f in a conductor in a magnetic field is
proportional to the rate of change of magnetic linking the conductor.
01mark
(ii) (i) AC generator can be used with transformer for step up and step
down. 01mark
(ii) AC generator are much simpler and cheaper since it has slip
rings which are simple and cheap compared to a commutator
which are complex and costful. 01mark
(b) Data
Np = 100turns
Ns = 10,000 turns
Vp = 12V
Ip = 5A
e = 90%
Vs = ?
Is = ?

𝑁𝑝 𝑉𝑝
(i) = 01 ½ marks
𝑁𝑠 𝑉𝑠
𝑁𝑠 10000
Vs = 𝑁𝑝 × 𝑉𝑝 = 12 × = 1200𝑉 01mark
100

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 𝐼𝑠𝑉𝑠
𝜖= x 100% 01mark
𝐼𝑝𝑉𝑝
∈×𝐼𝑝×𝑉𝑝
Is = x 100%
𝑉𝑠
90×5×12
Is = x 100%
1200
Is = 0.045A 01 ½ marks

(c) (i) The structure and mode of action of simple d.c generator.
DC Generator
Is an electrical device which converts mechanical energy into electrical
energy. It mainly consists of three main parts magnetic field system,
Armature and commutator and Brush gear. ½ mark

In d.c generator there is commutator instead lf slip rings as in d.c

generator this prevents reverse direction of current flow. It half
commutator is called commutator segment which insulated from other
half commutator.

Mode of action of D.C Generator.

- When the coil is vertical no e.m.f produced due to no cutting of
magnetic field on the coil. ½ mark
o
- When the armature is rotate at 90 (parallel to magnetic field) the
motion or force of coil is perpendicular to the magnetic field hence
maximum e.m.f is induced (maximum positive). ½ mark
- When the coil vertical (at 180o) no e.m.f produced due to cutting of
the magnetic field on the coil. ½ mark
o
- When the armature is rotate after 180 starting from vertical
position and the side of commutator segment interchange the loop
which cause the loop of current remain in the same direction.
½ mark
- This cycle of events is repeated automatically hence electricity is
produced.

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 Induced e.m.f 90o 180o 270o 360o
Time
𝑇 𝑇 3𝑇
T
4 2 4

Any four points @ ½ mark = 02 marks

10. (c) (ii) By increasing the flux

- the speed of motor can be increased.
- the flux can be changed by changing the current with shunt field
rheostat. ½ mark

By decreasing the resistance

- In which there is increase in armature current which lead to
increase in the rotation of a motor. ½ mark
By increasing the supply voltage
- It is known that when the supply voltage is high it increase the
speed of rotation of motor. ½ mark
11. (a)
Intrinsic semiconductor Extrinsic semiconductor
(i) It is pure form of semiconductor It is an impure form of semiconductor
(½ mark) ( ½ mark)
(ii) It exhibits conductivity ( ½ mark) It possesses comparatively better
conductivity than intrinsic
semiconductor due to presence of
impurities. ( ½ mark)
(iii) The conductivity depends on The conductivity depends on both
temperature ( ½ mark) concentration of dipped impurity and
temperature ( ½ mark)
(iv) Equal number of charge carries Charge carriers differ depending on
i.e. equal number of electrons and types of extrinsic semiconductor
holes are present in conduction ( ½ mark)
and valence band ( ½ mark)

(b) (i) Half-wave rectifier

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 Mechanism
 During the first half-cycle of the sinusoidal wave form, A is
positive and B is negative. The diode is forward-biased and current
flows around the circuit formed by the diode
 During the second half-cycle, A is negative and, B is positive. The
diode is reverse-biased therefore no current flows in the circuit

NB:
(i) The diode conducts only in every half0cycle
(ii) The rectified voltage is d.c and is always positive in value
(iii) If the diode is reversed, then the output voltage is negative

FULL-WAVE RECTIFIERS
In the circuit both halves of the a.c. cycle are transmitted but in the same
direction. One way of achieving this is to have a transformer whose output has
a Centre tap, that is, its output can be taken at two points one being half the
other

 In the positive half-cycle, point A is positive with respect to O. Diode D1

conducts but diode D2 is reverse-biased. The current passes through D1,
C, R and back to O

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  In the negative half-cycle, point B is positive with respect to O. Diode D2
conducts but diode D1 is reverse-biased. The current passes through D2,
C, R and back to O.
 The direction of the current through R is the same as in the first half-cycle

11. (b)
Key Digital system Analog system
Signal type Digital system uses discrete signals Analog system uses continuous
as on/off representing binary format signal with varying magnitude
off is 0 on is 1.
Wave type Digital system uses square wave Analog system uses sine waves
Technology Digital system first transform the Analog system records the physical
analog waves to limited set of waveforms as they are originally
numbers and then record them as generated
digital square waves
Transmission Digital transmission is easy and can Analog systems are affected badly
be made noise proof with no loss at by noise during transmission
all
Flexibility Digital system hard wave can be Analog systems hard waves are not
easily modulated as per flexible
requirements
Bandwidth Digital transmission needs more Analogy transmission requires less
bandwidth to carry same bandwidth
information
Memory Digital data is stored is form of bits
Analog data is stored inform of
waveform signal
Power Digital systems needs low power as Analog systems consume more
requirement compare to its analog counterpart power than digital system
Best suited for Digital system are good for Analog systems are good for audio
computing and digital electronics or video recordings
Cost Digital system are costly Analog system are cheap
Example Digital system are computer, CD, Analogy systems are: Analog
DVD electronics, voice radio using AM
frequency

Any four difference @ 1 mark

(i) Common emitter amplifier 01mark
(ii) Since emitter is sandwiched between base and collector. 01mark
(iii) C1 and C2 used for DC isolation. 02marks

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