cause we both didn't collide

cause we both didn't collide

Learning Objectives:
At the end of this session, you are
expected to:
• Formulate Research Questions and a statement
of the problem that helps the individual to
become Goal-Oriented
• Present a written statement of the problem that
helps the individual to become Goal-Oriented
cause we both didn't collide
Research Question
• It is a specific or sub-question to
specify the scope and the method of
collecting and analyzing data. It
serves as a guide and direction in
research.
Types of Research Questions
in Quantitative Research

1. Descriptive research questions

2. Relation questions
3. Causal questions
 Types of Research Questions in
Quantitative Research
1. Descriptive research questions
- ask questions on the kind,
qualifications, and categories of the
subjects or participants.
 Types of Research Questions in
Quantitative Research
1. Descriptive research questions
Examples:
• What is the profile of the respondents
in terms of age, gender, average
family income, and distance of their
house from school?
 Types of Research Questions in
Quantitative Research
1. Descriptive research questions
Examples:
How may the students be described in terms of;
a) Age,
b) Gender
c) Monthly income of both parents
d) Number of siblings, and
e) Size of the family
 Types of Research Questions in
Quantitative Research
2. Relation questions
- are questions about the nature and
manner of connection between or
among variables.
 Types of Research Questions in
Quantitative Research
2. Relation questions
Examples:
• What is the relationship between the time spent
studying and the grades of students?
• Is there a significant difference in the scores of
the respondents during the pretest and
posttest?
 Types of Research Questions in
Quantitative Research
3. Causal questions
- reasons behind the effects of the
independent variable on the dependent
variable is the focus of these types of
research questions.
 Types of Research Questions in
Quantitative Research
3. Causal questions
Examples:
• What is the impact of social media on the
academic performance of students?
• What are the effects of Covid19 pandemic
on the study habits of students?
 All Research Questions should be:
• Focused on a single problem or issue.
• Researchable using primary and/or
secondary sources.
• Feasible to answer within the
timeframe and practical constraints.
• Specific enough to answer
thoroughly.
 All Research Questions should be:
• Complex enough to develop the
answer over the space of a paper or
thesis.
• Relevant to your field of study and/or
society more broadly.
cause we both didn't collide
Statement of the Problem
• Viñas (2020) states that the statement of
the problem is written a concise description
of the well-targeted problem or issues that
need to be addressed by the researcher
and the goal of the study.
Statement of the Problem
• The work of De Vega (2020) indicated that
a statement of the problem should start
with a broad problem statement, followed
by a series of specific questions to be
systematically processed.
Statement of the Problem
• Solano et al. (2019) notes that the
statement of the problem should be written
in a declarative sentence.
The most common formats are as follows:
✓ This study will compare ✓ This study will examine
✓ This study will contrast ✓ This study will develop
✓ This study will investigate ✓ This study will clarify
✓ This study will describe ✓ This study will test
✓ This study will determine ✓ This study will evaluate
Elements of Statement of the
Problem

• Objective or goal of the

study
• Set of Research Questions
 Elements of Statement of the
Problem
• Objective or goal of the study
- This is the first paragraph of the statement of the
problem. A brief statement of the main issue or
concern is stated in this part of the paper. The
researcher should also mention how the problem
should be addressed and the main objective or
target of the study.
Research title: Anxiety and Stress Levels
Perceived by the Community People during
Quarantine:
Home quarantine is a condition where people are not
allowed to go out except when buying necessities.
During this pandemic, a lot of people experience
anxiety and stress because of the new normal that
people need to follow. Anxiety and stress levels can
alter people's daily tasks and activities and may result
in great danger. This study aims to know the anxiety
and level of stress perceived by the people in the
community during the quarantine period.
 Elements of Statement of the
Problem
• Set of Research Questions
- It is an answerable inquiry into a specific concern
or issue and is considered an initial step in a
research project. It directs you to the things you
want to discover about the topic. A topic is a
general problem or issue that the researcher wants
to be solved
Research title: Anxiety and Stress Levels
Perceived by the Community People during
Quarantine

Specifically, the study aims to answer the following

questions:
1. What is the level of emotion of a person with anxiety
and stress?
2. What are the anxiety coping mechanisms/ activities
done by the people to alleviate stress and anxiety?
3. How do stress and anxiety affect the daily activities
of the person?
 Format in Writing Statement of the
Problem
• The statement of the problem usually
presents three main parts;
1. The Ideal
2. The Reality
3. The Consequence
Format in Writing Statement of the
Problem
Part 1: The Ideal
- This contains the ideal situation; it
shows how things should really be.
Identifying the “ideal” scenario can help
the researcher identify and show the
problem in the present situation.
Format in Writing Statement of the
Problem
Part 2: The Reality
- This contains the present situation;
it shows the problem or issue by
showing the gap between the ideal
and the reality or present situation.
Format in Writing Statement of the
Problem
Part 3: The Consequences
- This contains the good and the bad
effects of reality.
Format in Writing Statement of the
Problem
Example:
Research Title: Factors Affecting the
Academic Performance of Students in
Physics
Physics is a branch of science that deals with
concepts such as force, energy, mass, and
charge. Students' academic performance
may be affected by several factors and may
result to a high or low academic
performance in the subject. This study aims
to know the different factors affecting the
academic performance of students in
physics.
Specifically, this study seeks to answer the following
questions:
1. How may the profile of the respondents be described in
terms of: 1.1 age 1.2 gender 1.3 number of siblings; and
1.4 Monthly income?
2. How may the academic performance of the students be
described in terms of the following factors: 2.1 Financial
Capability; 2.2 Learning techniques; and 2.3 Motivation
skills?
3. Is there a significant relationship between the factors
and the academic performance of students?
 References:
• De Vega, E. T. (2020). Presenting Written Statement of the
Problem, First Edition. Puerto Princesa City: Department of
Education.
• De Vega, E. T. (2020). Stating Research Question, First
Edition. Puerto Princesa City: Department of Education.
• Dela Cruz, K. B. (2020). States the Research Questions, First
Edition. City of Malolos: Department of Education.
References:
• Marzano, R. (2000). Classroom Instruction
That Works: Research-Based Strategies for
Increasing Student Achievement. Pearson.
• Regier, N (2012). 60 Formative Assessment
Strategies. Regier Educational Resources.
References:
• Regier, N (2012). 60 Formative Assessment
Strategies. Regier Educational Resources.
• Viñas, R. S. (2020). Presenting Written
Statement of the Problem, First Edition. City
of Malolos: Department of Education.
Learning Objectives:
At the end of this session, you are
expected to:
• Construct the significance of the study and
scope and delimitation of the study
incorporated in a real-world basis.
 Significance of the Study
• It provides an overview of the
significance and potential contributions of
your study. As a result, it tells the reader
who will benefit and what benefits they
will receive from the findings of your
research.
• It comprises beneficiaries and benefits.
Significance of the Study
• Beneficiaries- These are the people
who will directly gain from the results of
the study.
✓ Academic Beneficiaries - include
educational staff, teachers, students,
and researchers.
Significance of the Study
• Beneficiaries- These are the people
who will directly gain from the results of
the study.
✓ Non-academic beneficiaries-
include stakeholders, policymakers’
agencies, organizations, and others.
Significance of the Study
• Benefits- it is the beneficiaries will gain
from the study. They refer to all the
benefits that can be gained by individuals
who are directly involved, particularly
researchers and research users.
Example: The Media’s Influence on the
Millennials: Retrospecting Academic
Performance and Media Exposure
General Significance: The result of the study
will be significant in presenting the intertwining
power of media in today’s youth and the
technological advances that brought a niche in
their lives.
School Administrators. The findings of the
study will help them realize the strengths and
weaknesses of the students on their media
access, habits, and preferences. The findings
can be further used as a springboard in
putting up faculty enrichment programs that
will help enhance teaching strategies for
improving the level of students’ academic
performance through the improvement of
their media-based curriculum.
Teachers. Since teachers greatly influence
the development of their students, they may
find this study useful in discovering ways and
means to improve their communication
degree program instruction and to enrich
students’ learning experiences through
proper utilization of the different forms of
media.
Parents. The result of the study will develop
an awareness of the importance of their role
in the enhancement of their child’s academic
progress at home and them to be able to
guide them properly considering the number
of hours they have accessed, spent, and
availed of media.
Students. They will surely benefit from this
research work, as they will be able to realize
the importance of proper time management
which includes televiewing hours among
others, and study hours in order to improve
their academic performance.
Future Researchers. The result of this study
may serve as the basis for further study on
the influence of media. Also, it may prove
beneficial to those interested in conducting
research on relevant topics. Furthermore,
future researchers may enhance this research
to create a greater contribution to the
improvement of knowledge.
 Scope of the Study
• According to Albay (2023), the scope of the
study discusses its focus in terms of the
variable involved; the location, time, and
duration; the respondents; the research
method and research design; the
instruments for data collection; and the
statistical tools for analyzing the collected
data.
 Limitation of the Study
• Limitations are factors that could affect the
study's findings and conclusions. It aims to
identify potential weaknesses of the study.
Examples: sample bias, insufficient sample
size, lack of prior research studies on the
topic, limited access to data, time
constraints, and cultural and other types of
bias.
Delimitation of the Study
• These are the characteristics that limit the
scope and describe the boundaries of the
study, such as the sample size,
geographical location or setting in which
the study takes place, population traits,
etc.
You may use the following phrases when writing
the scope and delimitation of
the study (Barrot 2017,36)
SCOPE DELIMITATION

• This study covers… • This study does not

• This study focuses on… cover the…
• The coverage of this • This study is limited
study… to…
• This study consists of… • The researcher limited
this study to…
 Components in Developing Scope and
Delimitation
• The scope and delimitation describe the
parameters to which the study is set
(Barrot 2017, 36). It is the two important
elements in research that inform the
readers what information should be
included and why it should be included in
the study.
 Participants
of the Study,
The
population
and
sampling Research
Design, and
Topic of Instruments
the Study and Method

Research
Problem/
Topic

Locale of Time
the Study Frame of
the Study
Objectives
of the
study
 Components in Developing Scope and
Delimitation
• What- The topic of investigation and the
variables included
• Where-The locale, venue, or settings of
the research
• When- The time frame in which the study
will be conducted
• Why- The general objectives of the study
 Components in Developing Scope and
Delimitation
• Who-The subject of the study,
characteristics of the participants in the
study
• How-The methodology of the research
which may include the research design,
data gathering technique, sampling
procedures, and data analysis scheme
Example: This study aims to examine the impact of
Facebook usage on students’ academic performance. The
study will be focused on the students’ spending time on
Facebook which affects their academic performance. The
respondents of the study will be limited to 100 senior
high school students which will be selected through a
random sampling technique. To gather the data, each
respondent will be given a set of structured survey
questionnaires to answer. The study will be conducted in
OLSHCO during the First Quarter of the school Year
2023-2024.
Example: The purpose of this study is to examine the
efficacy of using Saba banana peels in producing
bioplastic. The study will focus on biodegradability and
the durability of bioplastic.
The study will be limited to use sized Saba bananas
with no injury or bruises on the skin to ensure the
experimental process was fair. The researcher will not be
using any parts of the banana or its plants except its
peeling. The study will be conducted during the First
Quarter of the school Year 2023-2024.
References:
• De Vega, E. T. (2020). Indicating Scope and
Delimitation of the Study, First Edition. Puerto Princesa
City: Department of Education.
• Franco, L. S. (2020). Indicating Scope and Delimitation
of the Study, First Edition. City of Malolos: Department
of Education.
• Labrador, D. S. (2020). Significance of the Study.
Balanga City: Department of Education.
References:
• Marzano, R. (2000). Classroom Instruction That Works:
Research-Based Strategies for Increasing Student
Achievement. Pearson.
• Solano et. al. 2019. Diwa Senior High School Series:
Practical Research 2 (Second Edition). Diwa Learning
Systems Inc.
• Regier, N (2012). 60 Formative Assessment Strategies.
Regier Educational Resources.