TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL TRAINING INSTITUTE

FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS AND INFORMATION AND

COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY

ELECTRICAL AUTOMATION AND CONTROL TECHNOLOGY

GSM BASED FIRE ALARM SYSTEM

NO Name ID

1 Helen Baynekaw ETUBR1759/13

2 H/mariam sewagegne ETUBR1936/13
3 Estifanos Destaw ETUBR2059/13
4 Abrham Belete ETUBR2063/13

July,2023

Addis Ababa,Ethiopia
 DECLARATION

This proposal is our original work and has not been presented for a degree in any other university

Name Signature

1. Helen Baynekaw ………………………..

2. H/mariam Sewagegne ……………………….
3. Estifanos Destaw ……………………….
4. Abrham Belete ……………………….

Date:

This proposal has been submitted with our approval as university supervisor

Name Signature

Msc.Seifu ………………

Date:
 Abstract

A fire alarm system is number of devices working together to detect and warn people through
visual and audio appliances. Fire accident as an unplanned and undesirable event that brings
damages to social wealth and human life needs to be prevented at all cost. In order to prevent
losses coming from fire accidents, various alarm systems have been developed. but we will use
temperature sensor-based systems.

This project is to design of a home fire alarm with Arduino-based system by means of GSM
Module. The project purposely is for house safety where the main point is to avoid the fire
accidents occurred to the residents and the properties inside the house as well in a cost-effective
and reliable automated GSM based fire alarm system. The device will be able to monitor the
temperature of the environment, the smoke level, send SMS alert to an inbuilt GSM number when
necessary, and make loud sound to alert occupants on pending danger.

This project will use Arduino Uno board in together with ATmega328 chip. The main controller
used is certainly the ATmega328 which controls the home fire alert subjected to the
temperature sensor. An LM35 temperature sensor is used to detect the heat from the fire. An alert
message will be sent to the user via short message service (SMS) via GSM module. When the
system detects the temperature of 40 0C or more, it will immediately display an alert notification
on LCD display and simultaneously sending an SMS alert to the users upon the high raise
temperature in the house.

This project will be able to help users to improve their safety standards by having immediate
response in preventing accidents. This will eventually allow the users to protect their lives and the
properties as well from the disaster.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION..................................................................................................................I

ABSTRACT........................................................................................................................II

TABLE OF CONTENTS...................................................................................................III

LIST OF FIGURES............................................................................................................V

LIST OF TABLES.............................................................................................................VI

ACRONYMS...................................................................................................................VII

CHAPTER 1........................................................................................................................1

1.INTRODUCTION……………………………………………….............................1

1.1 Statement of the problem........................................................................................2

1.2 Objectives ...............................................………...................................................3

1.2.1 General objectives.......................................………...........................................3

1.2.2 Specific objectives ......................................………...........................................3

1.3 Significance………………………………………………………...............….. 3

1.4 Scope..............................................................................................……….........3

1.5 Limitation. ............................................………...................................................3

CHAPTER 2…………………………………………………………............................……..4

2. LITERATURE REVIEW................................................................................................4

CHAPTER 3……………………………………………………………….............................6

3. METHODOLOGY……………………………..……………...........................…….…6

4. COST ANALYSIS AND TIME LINE..........................................................................10

4.1 Time line...............................................................................................................10

4.2 Estimated budget..................................................................................................11

REFERENCES:..............................................................................................................12
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 3.1: Block diagram of fire alarm system................................................................ 5

Figure 3.2: Arduino uno board with micro-controller...................................................... 6

Figure 3.3: GSM module...................................................................................................... 7

Figure 3.4: LM35 temperature sensor................................................................................. 7

Figure 3.5: LCD display........................................................................................................ 8

Figure 3.6: Smoke detector..............................................................................................8

 LIST OF TABLES

Table 4.1: Time line ...................................................................................................10

Table 4.2: Cost analysis..............................................................................................11

 ACRONYM/ABBREVIATIONS

AC Alternative current

ADC Analog to Digital converter

DC Direct Current

GSM------------------------------------------------Global System for Mobile Communication

I/O Input /Output

IR Infrared

LCD Liquid Crystal Display

LED Light Emitting Diode

PCB Printed Circuit Board

RX Receiver

SIM Subscriber Identity Module

SMS Short Messaging Servicing

TX Transmitter

USB Universal Serial Bus

VIN Input voltage

VOUT Output Voltage

 CHAPTER 1

1.1 Introduction
GSM based fire alarm system is designed to detect the presence of fire by monitoring
environmental changes associated with combustion. Fire detection systems are used to notify
people to evacuate in the event of a fire or other emergency, to request such civil defense as fire
brigade’s emergency services, and to send digital signals to associate systems interface to control
the spread of fire. [1]
The main concern of this project is when the residents are not at home or are not aware of the
existence of the fire in the house. Having said that, the home fire alert is purposely designed to
alert the house residents whenever any possibilities for having fire disaster prompted in their
house.
For this project, the development of home fire alert is built based on Arduino board as the main
controller board that interacts with GSM module which works in the communication part. The
interaction is for the user to know the current situation in the house. This system works totally on
wireless network communication as GSM module is performed by sending an SMS to the user.
The microcontroller inside the Arduino board is used as the mastermind of the circuit where it
controls the circuit flows and execute all the decision as well.

The GSM Module is responsible for the communication part of the circuit. It takes information
from the Arduino on where to send information and what information needs to be sent. It uses a
GSM SIM card for communication purposes. It is basically just a modem which uses serial
communication to interface with and needs compatible AT commands for communicating with
the Arduino. The alert message and the phone number of the recipient are given by the user
through the project codes. As soon as fire is detected (temperature will hit certain temperature
limit) an SMS will be sent to the recipient’s phone number from the SIM card inserted into
the module for giving information to the user upon fire detection in the house. [2]
 1.2 Statement of the Problem

Nowadays, in Ethiopia, there are a lot of damages caused by fire in urban areas especially
in market areas. The fire had killed dozens of people. The fire destroyed thousands of
square miles including several homes and businesses , and produced damages amounting
to million dollars property loss.
As CRISIS24.GARDA.COM reported “emergency of crews was responding to fire at the
commercial market in Jijiga, Somali region early march 2.”The cause of the fire was not
known.
This will destruct water supply and electric supply system. In addition to Injury to
humans,loss of essential properties, documents will be resulted. This project will save people as
well as property (money) which focused on dense market buildings.
 1.3 Objectives

1.3.1 General objective

The main objective of this project is to design a GSM based fire Alarm system.

1.3.2 Specific objectives

 To design the model to fire alarm system.

 To design the circuit to control the system.
 To detect the smoke and temperature rise using temperature sensor.
 To send SMS or alarm to the recipient.
 To select components for our project.

1.4 Significance of research

 It used to give quick actions to shut down Fire. Most of fire damages occur due to
lack of early fire detection.
 It helps to prevent major damages and losses created by a fire accident.
 It can be useful in remote locations where human interaction is limited.
 GSM based Fire Alert system gives warning immediately to multiple mobile
numbers and hence remedy actions can be taken quickly.

1.5 Scope

This project to design GSM based fire alarm system can be implemented widely. But our project
designing will focus on that to use in market buildings. This project can go through electronic simulation
and prototype. The circuit design is conducted by using Proteus software.

1.6 Limitation
Its reliability is highly dependent on GSM technology. It may fail to send the owner a text
message if its SIM card does not have sufficient balance to send a text message. It may also fail if
the network used by the device is down or experiencing delay. Another limitation is, this project
use GSM to send SMS and GSM is outdated nowadays.
 CHAPTER 2
2. LITERETURE REVIEW
Kwon, O.H., Cho, S.M. and Hwang, S.M “Design and Implementation of Fire Detection
System”, in May 2016. In this work a review of existing fire detector types has been
carried out along with the development of a low cost, portable, and reliable
microcontroller based automated fire alarm system for remotely alerting any fire
incidents in household or industrial premises. The aim of the system designed is to alert
the distant property-owner efficiently and quickly by sending short message (SMS) via
GSM network. A Linear integrated temperature sensor detects temperature beyond preset
value whereas semiconductor type sensor detects presence of smoke. [3]

LEE BOON YEE in university of technical Malaysia Melaka did the project of,
“intelligent fire detection and alert system by using ZigBee technology”, in 2017. Which
is widely used in wireless communication (in wireless sensing network). This project
uses two different sensor’s which are temperature sensor (LM35) and flame sensor to
investigate happening of fire. The reason why he uses two types of sensors is to reduce
the possibility of false alarm. [4]

Kausik Sen, Jeet Sarkar, Sutapa Saha, Anukrishna Roy, Dipsetu Dey “Automated Fire
Detection and Controlling System”, in 2017. In this paper basically a low-cost fire
detection and control system based on smoke and heat detection is proposed. It is
comprised of a combination of electrical/electronic devices/equipment’s working together
to detect the presence of fire and alert people through audio or visual medium after
detection. These alarms may be activated from smoke detectors or heat detectors which,
when detects fire. [5]

May Zaw Tun, Htay Myint, “Arduino based Fire Detection and Alarm System Using
Smoke Sensor”, in April – 2020. This paper consists of fire detectors (with can be smoke
detector, heat, or Infrared-red detector), control unit and alarm system. A fire detection
system is developed based on the simultaneous measurements of temperature and smoke.
The fire detection system with the alarm algorithm detected fires that were not alarmed
by smoke sensors and alarmed in shorter times than smoke sensors operating alone. [6]
N.N Mahzan, N I M Enzai, N M Zin and K S S K M Noh, “Design of an Arduino-based
home fire alarm system with GSM module”, in 2018. This paper describes the design of a
home fire alarm with Arduino-based system by means of GSM Module. The project
purposely is for house safety where the main point is to avoid the fire accidents occurred
to the residents and the properties inside the house as well. [7]

The main weakness of these systems is: Most of these technologies are manual. If there
be a fire incident in a remote place where there is no one to aware the first station, it will
be a great loss. In general, automated fire alarming system, there must be a computer
installed. So cost is much higher. When the power supply is loss, the device do not give
specific functions.

Our project will overcome this draw backs: our project will be automatic. The system
will notice immediately using SMS before great loss is resulted. We can use 5 V battery
as backup power supply. The cost is less compared to above systems.
 CHAPTER 3

3. METHODOLOGY

First, we collect all necessary data and information needed for the design of fire alarm system.
After we have gathered the data, we will try to Create the circuit design and write the program on
Arduino IDE. Then we will simulate by using Arduino Uno. If the simulation gives us the desired
output, we will find the required components of the circuit. Then we will connect all the necessary
components to the Arduino. Finally, we will Test all parts of the design and conduct
troubleshooting to verify the output of the design.

The system Architecture consists two main parts which are hardware architecture and software
details. In the hardware architecture, it has The Arduino UNO board, GSM module,
temperature/heat sensor and LCD display. The design of the circuit will be constructed and the
prototype of the project will be built. While in the software development, the whole complete
prototype was operated via programming codes.

Figure 3.1; Block diagram of fire alarm system

Arduino:

Arduino is the main board, microcontroller, is used as the main controller to manage the
circuit. Arduino is best tool that can interact with LEDs, LCD display, GSM module,
Bluetooth module and many more. Arduino board provides a USB serial communication
interface for loading the codes from computer. Arduino has prepared its own IDE.

Figure 3.2; Arduino uno board with micro-controller

GSM Module:

GSM is a mobile communication modem. It used for transmitting mobile voice and data
services operates at the 850MHz, 900MHz, 1800MHz and 1900MHz frequency bands.
The GSM module is the device responsible for sending SMS if there is any fire outbreak.
The module is powered by a power supply circuit and communicate with computer by
using USB.
 Figure 3.3; GSM module

Temperature/heat sensor:

we will use LM35 type of temperature/heat sensor. It is used to measure temperature with
an electrical output. [8]

Figure 3.4; LM35 temperature sensor

LCD display:

This is used for displaying the current status of the circuit and the actions taken by the
circuit. A 16x2 LCD display is very basic module and is very commonly used in various
devices and circuits.
 Figure 3.5; LCD display

Smoke Detector:

A smoke detector is a device that senses the presence of smoke in a building and warns
the occupants, enabling them to escape a fire. A smoke detector can sound an alarm to
operators in the area where the leak is occurring.

Figure 3.6; Smoke detector

When a fire has broken out in the house, LM35 will trigger the heat. Upon reaching the
temperature of 40oC, it will directly send signal to the Arduino informing the high
temperature. The increased temperature will make the Arduino to alert the user about the
situation through GSM module. An SMS will be sent promptly to the user to let the user
know the existence of the fire in the house. At the same time, existence of the fire will be
notified as well on the LCD display. [9]
 Table 4.1: Time line of the research

Activity
June July
Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 1
Search
literatures
Collect
information
Study of the
system
design the
system
Analysis the
system
Write the out
put
 Estimated budget

Table 4.2: Cost analysis of the research

NO Component Quantity Unit price in birr Total price in birr

1 Arduino uno board 1 1,480 1,480

2 GSM Module 1 1,325 1,325

3 SIM Card (SAFARI) 1 30 30

4 LCD display 16x2 1 212 212

5 LM35 Temperature sensor 1 150 150

6 Buzzer 1 703 703

7 Smoke detector (MQ-2) 1 185.5 185.5

8 Total 4,085.5
 REFERENCES: -

[1] L. Chun-yuan, “Design of Intelligent Fire Alarm System Based on GSM Network,”
p. 393–396, 2011.

[2] M. F. A. F. I. M. H. I. N. S. a. A. H. M Faris, “HOME FADS : A Dedicated Fire

Alert Detection System Using ZigBee Wireless Network,” p. 53–58, 2014.

[3] S. C. a. S. H. O.H. Kwon, “Design and Implementation of Fire Detection

System. Advanced Software Engineering and its Applications,” pp. 233-236,
2016.

[4] Z. Z. Y. A. O. H.-w. a. L. D. L I U Fei, “Application of Aspirating Smoke

Detectors at the,” p. 671–675, 2017.

[5] K. Sen1, “Automated Fire Detection and controlling system,” May 2017.

[6] M. Z. Tun, “Arduino based Fire Detection and Alarm System Using Smoke Sensor,”
International Journal ofAdvances in Scientific Research and Engineering (ijasre, vol.
Volume 6, no. Issue 4, April - 2020.

[7] N. I. M. E. N. M. Z. a. K. S. S. K. M. N. N.N Mahzan, "design of rduino based homr

fire alarm system with GSM module” Journal of Physics: Conference Series, vol.
1019, jun, 2018.

[8] Texas Instruments, “LM35 Precision Centigrade Temperature Sensors,” 2016.

[9] P Y Mulge, “Remote Temperature Monitoring Using LM35 sensor and Intimate
Android user via C2DM Service,” p. 32–36, 2013.