DEPARTMENT OF LAW

UNIVERSITY OF NORTH BENGAL

A FIELD REPORT ON:

A SOCIO-LEGAL ANALYSIS OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE BY

MINORS IN SILIGURI

NAME- ARKO JYOTI MITRA

ROLL No.- 190745010219

REGISTRATION No.- 0741905040086

SEMESTER- 9TH

SESSION- 2019-20

Subject and Paper Code: Service Learning Under The Environment Protection
Act, Air, Water, Forest, Wild Life; Persons with Disabilities Act, Juvenile
Justice Act. (AEC09)

UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF DR. SANYUKTA MOITRA

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR

DEPARTMENT OF LAW UNIVERSITY OF NORTH BENGAL

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

At the outset, I, Arko Jyoti Mitra, student of B.A. LL.B. (Hons.), 9th Semester, Department
of Law, University of North Bengal, would like to express my heartiest gratitude to my
supervisor, Dr. Sanyukta Moitra, Assistant Professor of the Department of Law, University of
North Bengal for her supervision, guidance throughout the work. Her knowledge, advice
indeed helped me to learn, accumulate experiences and improve the quality of the present work.
I would also like to convey my indebtedness towards her for providing me this opportunity to
work on this study.

Also I would like to thank all the agencies and people who contributed their valuable time in
helping me to complete the assignment.

………………………………. ……………………………………….

SUPERVISED BY

PROF. DR. SANYUKTA MOITRA MA’AM (ARKO JYOTI MITRA)

BA.LL.B. (Hons.),
Semester- IX,
Class Roll No. – 90
Department of Law,
University of North Bengal

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POLITICAL MAP OF INDIA

3
POLITICAL MAP OF WEST BENGAL

4
MAP OF DARJEELING DISTRICT

5
MAP OF SILIGURI SUB DIVISION

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS:

SUBJECTS PAGE NO

1. INTRODUCTION …………………………… 8-9

2. EVOLUTION OF THE PROBLEM……………… 10-11

3 STATEMEN OF PROBLEM …………………. 11

4. RESEARCH QUESTIONS ……………………. 11

5. HYPOTHESIS OF THE PROBLEM …………… 12

6. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY …………………. 12

7. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY ..................... ` 12-13

8. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ……………… ` 13-14

9. SCOPE OF THE STUDY ................................... 14

10. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY ………………… 14-15

11. CHAPTERISATION:

i. Chapter 1: Projection Of A Growing Menace: Substance Abuse by Minors In The Region

….15-17
ii. Chapter 2: A Legal Overview of the JJ Act In Cognizance With NDPS Act .
….18-22
iii. Chapter 4 :Data Analysis 23-48
iv. Chapter 5: Conclusion & Suggestions 48-50
v. Bibliography 51
vi. Annexure-A

vii. Annexure-B
viii. Annexure-C

INTRODUCTION

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Siliguri, a bustling gateway to the Himalayas, faces a growing challenge – the insidious spread
of drug abuse among its most vulnerable population: minors. News reports paint a concerning
picture: children as young as eight inhaling glue fumes for a fleeting high, teenagers lured into
the clutches of readily available narcotics. This research paper delves into the depths of this
alarming trend, aiming to shed light on the factors contributing to drug abuse among minors in
Siliguri and propose potential solutions. The strategic location of Siliguri, bordering Nepal,
Bhutan, and Sikkim, exposes it to a readily available supply of illegal drugs. The city's porous
borders and thriving transportation hub make it a smuggling hotspot, with drugs finding their
way into the hands of unscrupulous peddlers. This easy accessibility poses a significant threat,
particularly to minors who may be more susceptible to peer pressure or lack the awareness of
the devastating consequences of drug use. However, the issue extends beyond mere
geographical factors. Socioeconomic disparities prevalent in Siliguri play a crucial role.
Children from underprivileged backgrounds, often residing in slums or railway stations, face a
harsh reality. Limited access to education, poverty-stricken households, and dysfunctional
family structures can create an environment of despair and vulnerability. In such
circumstances, drugs may offer a temporary escape from their harsh realities, leading to a
downward spiral of addiction.

Furthermore, the psychological well-being of minors deserves due consideration. Experiences

of abuse, neglect, or academic struggles can leave them emotionally fragile and susceptible to
seeking solace in drugs. Additionally, the influence of media and a distorted portrayal of drug
use can glamorize substance abuse, further enticing youngsters. This research paper aims to
comprehensively explore the multifaceted nature of drug abuse among minors in Siliguri.
Through a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, the study will gather data on
the prevalence of drug use among different age groups, the types of drugs most commonly
abused, and the socio-economic and psychological factors contributing to this issue. Interviews
with recovered users and social workers will provide valuable insights into the lived
experiences of those affected by this crisis. The ultimate goal of this research is not just to
understand the problem but also to propose effective solutions. By analysing the collected
data, the study will highlight potential interventions at various levels. These may include
strengthening border security measures to curb drug trafficking, advocating for increased
access to education and recreational activities for underprivileged children, and implementing
targeted rehabilitation programs for minors struggling with addiction. Additionally, fostering
open communication within families and promoting mental health awareness campaigns in

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schools can create a more supportive environment for vulnerable youth. In conclusion, this
research paper embarks on a crucial journey to illuminate the dark realities of drug abuse
among minors in Siliguri. By understanding the root causes and potential solutions, we can
strive to create a brighter future for the city's youth, safeguarding them from the clutches of
addiction and empowering them to lead healthy and productive lives. considering as adults,
they are capable of handling the same legal rights and duties as mature adults.

Like they can give a vote or they have the right to give a vote, they have the right to sue and
own property and also they are capable of contract. But maturity is not always depending on
age. In Some cases, the minor has enough maturity and understanding of nature and the majors
haven’t. Every child is different in their way. The child or minor also required some basic
needs. Every child is entitled to the same treatment, no discrimination on the grounds of sex,
race, caste disability and religion. There is a different-different provision in the legal status of
the minors.

The issue of drug abuse among minors has become a significant concern worldwide. Substance
abuse not only affects the physical and mental health of young individuals but also has broader
societal implications. This paper aims to explore the evolution, statement, research question,
hypothesis, objectives, significance, methodology, scope, and limitations of studying drug
abuse in minors, along with a chapter-wise breakdown.

The purpose of the paper is twofold: first, to examine the social and economic impact of drug
abuse from a broad international perspective. Secondly, based on that analysis, to suggest how
problems of drug abuse prevention and control can be addressed in a constructive, coordinated
manner. The paper concerns primarily narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances but also

➢ EVOLUTION OF THE PROBLEM

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Siliguri, a major trading hub in India, grapples with a growing and evolving problem of drug
abuse among minors.
Early Signs (Pre-2000s):
• Limited Availability: Drug abuse among minors was likely present but on a smaller
scale. Availability of harder drugs may have been restricted.
• Focus on Traditional Substances: Abuse of locally available substances like
marijuana and inhalants like Dendrite (shoe polish) might have been more prevalent.
Shift and Escalation (2000s - Present):
• Geographical Vulnerability: Siliguri's location at the crossroads of several states,
including those bordering Nepal and Bhutan, increased accessibility to illegal drugs.
• Rise of Hard Drugs: The emergence of heroin, brown sugar, and synthetic drugs like
methamphetamine became a growing concern.
• Socioeconomic Factors: Poverty, lack of opportunities, and broken families could
have pushed some children towards substance abuse as a coping mechanism.
• Peer Pressure and Experimentation: Increased exposure to drug use within peer
groups and a culture of experimentation might have normalized drug use for some
minors.
• Limited Awareness and Support: Lack of public awareness campaigns and scarcity
of rehabilitation facilities for minors could have hampered early intervention and
treatment.
Recent Trends and Concerns:
• Involvement of Children: Reports suggest children as young as eight to twelve getting
involved in drug sniffing and consumption.
• Increased Accessibility: Drug peddlers targeting vulnerable areas like railway stations
and bus terminals make drugs easily available.
• Impact on Health: The rise in injectable drug use raises concerns about the spread of
HIV and Hepatitis.
• Strained Resources: Existing rehabilitation centers struggle to keep up with the
growing number of affected children.

In the past, street children were more commonly seen sniffing glue and consuming addictive
substances like gutkha. Today, the scenario has become more alarming, with reports of
injecting drugs like heroin and brown sugar raising serious concerns about the spread of HIV
and Hepatitis. Experts attribute this escalation to several factors. Siliguri's proximity to borders
makes it a transit point for illegal drugs, creating easier access for minors. Peer pressure and a
lack of awareness about the dangers of addiction further exacerbate the issue. NGOs working
in the field report a significant increase in the number of young injecting drug users, often

10
overwhelming existing rehabilitation facilities. These factors paint a grim picture, but NGOs,
authorities and rehabilitation centers are actively involved in harm reduction programs and
treatment, While rehabilitation exists, lack of long-term support increases the risk of relapse.
This highlights the need for a multi-pronged approach to tackle this evolving crisis, including
prevention programs, improved access to treatment, and dismantling supply chains.

➢ STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The problem of inefficient rehabilitation and reintegration mechanism, inadequate

infrastructure of child care facilities which excludes children with not so sound economic
background, a chance of reintegration, inadequate special teaching staffs in school for one to
one counselling, physical inaccessibility to rehabilitation institutions and non-responsiveness
of the authorities towards the condition in juvenile homes, comprise some of the basic problems
that prevails in the concerning of study face.

➢ RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1. Whether the inadequate rehabilitation facilities increase the risk of relapse?

2. Is financial condition an inducing factor for substance abuse in minors?

3. How do minors in Siliguri acquire drugs? Do peers from schools play a role?

4. What is the prevalence and distribution of different types of drug use among minors?

5. How does the drug peddling mechanism function in Siliguri?

➢ HYPOTHESIS

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This research study hypothesizes that a complex interplay of factors contributes to the rise of
drug abuse among minors in Siliguri. We suspect inadequate rehabilitation facilities increase
relapse rates, potentially due to a lack of long-term support. Financial hardship may be a
contributing factor, pushing children towards drugs as a coping mechanism. Peer pressure and
easy access through school networks are suspected to play a significant role in drug acquisition.
We further hypothesize that the prevalence and distribution of drug use varies among different
types of drugs, with cheaper and more easily available substances being more common. Finally,
the study aims to uncover the inner workings of the drug peddling network in Siliguri, including
the methods used by peddlers to target and exploit vulnerable minors. By investigating these
hypotheses, we hope to gain a deeper understanding of this critical issue and develop effective
strategies for prevention, intervention, and treatment.

➢ OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objective of this study is to comprehensively examine the current state of drug abuse
among minors in Siliguri, West Bengal. This will involve a detailed investigation into several
key areas. Firstly, the study will assess the capacity and impact of existing rehabilitation
facilities for minors. Secondly, it will explore the socioeconomic factors, including financial
background, that might influence a minor's vulnerability to substance abuse. Thirdly, the study
aims to understand the mechanisms of drug acquisition among minors, with a specific focus on
the potential role of peer pressure and school networks. Fourthly, the research will determine
the prevalence and distribution patterns of different types of drugs used by minors in Siliguri.
Finally, the study will investigate the methods employed by drug peddling networks within the
city. By achieving these objectives, this research will provide a detailed picture of the current
situation regarding drug abuse among minors in Siliguri.

➢ SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESEARCH

This research holds significant value in understanding and addressing the critical issue of drug
abuse among minors in Siliguri. By delving into the factors contributing to this problem, the
study will provide crucial insights. Examining the potential link between inadequate
rehabilitation facilities and relapse rates can illuminate weaknesses in the current treatment
system. Furthermore, investigating the role of socioeconomic factors and peer pressure can
shed light on the social fabric contributing to drug use. Analyzing the prevalence and
distribution of different drugs will provide a clearer picture of the specific substances affecting
minors. Finally, understanding the drug peddling mechanisms will expose the methods used

12
to exploit vulnerable youth. This comprehensive examination will not only benefit Siliguri but
also serve as a valuable resource for other regions facing similar challenges. The knowledge
gained can inform the development of targeted prevention programs, improved treatment
strategies, and effective law enforcement measures to combat drug abuse among minors.

➢ RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

. The survey mainly focused on the socio-legal analysis of substance abuse by minors in Siliguri
Sub-division area. The method of the research not only include field work which would help
in gathering real-time data, but also includes study of various data, government records,
websites and various other sources for data collection.

➢ Study Area

The field study was conducted in Siliguri Sub-division area, district- Darjeeling, West Bengal.
The survey was mainly focused on the substance abuse by minor in Siliguri sub- division for
which the researchers visited Matigara Police Station, Siliguri Police Station and a
rehabilitation centre in Salbari.

➢ Data Collection

The researcher has collected data from various primary and secondary sources.

• Primary Data Collection

Primary data collection method includes questionnaire, visits of police stations, rehabilitation
centre and interviews of the authorities.

• Secondary Data Collection

For this purpose of study secondary data that has been gathered by referring various website
on the socio-legal impact of substance abuse by minors.

➢ Methods Of Sampling

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A simple random sampling has been adopted by the researcher. The sample has been selected
randomly. For the purpose of the study no street children have been selected. The researchers
went to centre and collected data from the centre.

➢ SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This study will focus on minors residing in Siliguri Sub-division. The study will primarily
focus on the issue of substance abuse among minor in Siliguri and try to put forward a socio-
legal analysis of the issue and suggest the corrective measures regarding the same. The scope
of this study includes an analysis of substance abuse among minors from a global perspective,
with a focus on identifying common risk factors and effective prevention and intervention
strategies. While the study will primarily focus on minors aged 10-18 years, it will also consider
the broader socio-cultural and environmental contexts that influence substance abuse among
minorS

➢ LIMITATIONS

Conducting research on minor drug use in Siliguri presents several significant challenges that
researchers must navigate with care. Firstly, obtaining accurate information proves challenging
due to the reluctance of many young individuals to disclose their drug use, often stemming
from concerns about judgment or potential repercussions. Additionally, the diverse cultural
landscape of Siliguri suggests that findings from one demographic subset may not be
universally applicable. Ethical considerations introduce further complexity, requiring
researchers to ensure that participants fully understand the research's objectives and that their
confidentiality is safeguarded, a task which poses inherent challenges. The extensive scope of
the research also imposes limitations, making it impossible to comprehensively address every
unique circumstance or individual experience related to the broad topic of minor drug usage.

Moreover, the generalizability of the study's findings may be confined to the

specific context under investigation. Additionally, challenges arise from the inability to
encompass all facets of drug use among young individuals, given the myriad variables such as
types of drugs consumed, frequency of usage, and underlying motivations. Consequently,
certain aspects of the subject matter may receive disproportionately less attention.The dynamic
nature of societal norms further complicates the task of keeping research current, compounded
by perennial constraints of time and funding. Moreover, fluctuations in governmental

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regulations or funding allocations can disrupt research endeavors. In summary, while
researching minor drug abuse in Siliguri holds significant importance, researchers are faced
with numerous obstacles that require careful navigation and consideration.

CHAPTER-1

Projection Of A Growing Menace: Substance Abuse by Minors In The Region

Siliguri, a region where a diverse mix of population resides, has always attracted, both, great
as well as bad things. Substance Abuse happens to be one of those evils which latched itself
onto Siliguri very early on and has grown exponentially ever since. However, the deeper
problem lies within the age group which has lately shown a larger susceptibility towards
substance abuse. Children who are below 18 years old (as well as those who are 18) have
fallen prey to this menace and this has in turn caused an upscaled concern among the
authorities as well as the local civilians.

Upon conversing with Shri Arindam Bhattacharjee, Officer-in-Charge of the Matigara

police station, few underlying reasons were highlighted with regards to drug abuse by minors
and how age plays a major factor in the added difficulty to address this problem merely by
following the existing legal mechanisms.

Taboo vs Awareness: A leading factor in understanding the core reason behind the
upscale in substance abuse by minors

Talking about drugs can be a challenge due to the stigma and taboo surrounding the subject,
but it is often this secretive attitude which leads to continued drug abuse among minors.
Exploring this aspect in details would lead us to understanding the following points.

The Dangers of Taboo:

• Silence and Ignorance: When drugs are a taboo topic, minors may not receive
accurate information about the risks and consequences of drug use. This can lead to
experimentation based on misinformation or peer pressure.

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 • Increased Shame and Stigma: Feeling like they can't talk about drug use can prevent
minors who are struggling from seeking help. This shame can lead to a worsening
situation and increased risk of overdose.
• Difficulty Recognizing Problems: Parents and caregivers may be hesitant to address
potential drug use in their children due to the taboo nature. This can delay early
intervention which can be crucial.

The Power of Awareness:

• Open Communication: Fostering open communication about drugs allows for honest
conversations with minors about the risks and dangers. This empowers them to make
informed decisions.
• Early Intervention: Increased awareness can lead to earlier identification and
intervention for minors struggling with drug use. This can significantly improve their
chances of recovery.
• Building Support Systems: Open discussions about drugs can create supportive
environments where minors feel comfortable reaching out for help if they experiment
or have a problem.

Treating drug abuse among minors as a taboo subject only increases the dangers. By fostering
awareness and open communication, we can create safer environments for our youth and
equip them with the knowledge and resources they need to make healthy choices.

Association of Minors with Adult Peddlers

As per the existing legal framework and societal construct, it is an established fact that
minors are a much safer option for drug peddlers or distributors to delegate their tasks to.

Vulnerability and Exploitation

Minors are particularly susceptible to exploitation by drug trafficking syndicates due to

several factors:

• Age and Inexperience: Minors lack the maturity and life experience to fully
understand the consequences of their actions or resist manipulation.

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 • Economic Disadvantage: Financial hardship or poverty can make minors more
vulnerable to promises of money or quick income.
• Peer Pressure and Social Influence: Traffickers may exploit existing social circles
or target minors who are already involved in drug use.

Siliguri police also reported a concerning tactic used by drug syndicates - the recruitment of
women as peddlers. This approach capitalizes on societal biases, making women less likely to
be suspected of criminal activity.

• Exploiting Societal Norms: Drug syndicates may target women based on the
assumption that they will arouse less suspicion, particularly in conservative societies.
This tactic leverages ingrained societal norms about gender roles, making women
appear less threatening.
• Coercion and Manipulation: While the NDPS Act applies equally to both men and
women for drug offenses, women involved in drug trafficking, especially at lower
levels, may be even more vulnerable to coercion due to their socioeconomic
circumstances or power imbalances within the syndicates.

NDPS Act and Minors

The NDPS Act categorizes and regulates narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. It
outlines various offenses related to production, possession, sale, consumption, import, export,
and cultivation of these substances. The Act does not differentiate between adults and minors
regarding penalties for peddling offenses (Sections 8, 18, 20, 21, 27). Offenses carry varying
degrees of punishment, ranging from imprisonment and fines to the death penalty in extreme
cases.

Challenges of the NDPS Act for Minors

Stringent Penalties: The NDPS Act prescribes harsh penalties, which may not be suitable for
rehabilitation, a crucial aspect for minors.

Limited Rehabilitation Options: The Act focuses primarily on punishment rather than
offering a structured framework for rehabilitation programs specifically designed for minors
involved in drug abuse or peddling.

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 CHAPTER -2

A LEGAL OVERVIEW OF THE JJ ACT IN COGNIZANCE WITH NDPS ACT

The growing menace of drug abuse in casts a particularly long shadow when it touches
minors. This chapter delves into the complex interplay between the Narcotic Drugs and
Psychotropic Substances Act (NDPS) Act of 1985 and the Juvenile Justice (Care and
Protection of Children) Act, 2015 (JJ Act) in addressing this critical issue. It examines the
provisions of both Acts, their strengths and limitations, and explores potential areas for
improvement in the legal framework.

The NDPS Act and Minors: A Deterrent Approach

The NDPS Act serves as the cornerstone of India's fight against drug trafficking. It
meticulously categorizes and regulates narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. Offenses
under the Act encompass production, possession, sale, consumption, import, export, and
cultivation of these substances. The Act prescribes stringent penalties, including
imprisonment, fines, and in extreme cases, the death penalty. Critically, the NDPS Act does
not differentiate between adults and minors with regards to penalties for drug peddling
offenses (Sections 8, 18, 20, 21, 27).

This creates a potential conflict when dealing with minors involved in drug trafficking. While
the Act aims to deter drug trafficking through harsh penalties, this approach may not be the
most effective for minors who are often victims of exploitation or lack the full capacity to
understand the consequences of their actions.

The JJ Act: Rehabilitation Over Punishment

The JJ Act serves as a counterpoint to the NDPS Act's emphasis on punishment. This Act
prioritizes the rehabilitation and reintegration of juvenile offenders (minors below 18 years
old) back into society. It recognizes the unique needs and circumstances of minors and aims
to address the root causes of their delinquent behavior.

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The JJ Act offers a more restorative approach by outlining a framework for specialized
institutions and programs that cater specifically to minors involved in drug abuse or peddling.
These programs focus on:

• Counseling and therapy: Addressing the underlying reasons behind a minor's drug
use, such as peer pressure, family problems, or mental health issues.

• Vocational training: Equipping minors with skills and education that can help them
find legitimate employment and build a positive future.

• Life skills development: Building self-esteem, coping mechanisms, and decision-

making skills to resist the lure of drugs and criminal activity.

Reconciling the Two Acts: Challenges and Considerations

While the JJ Act supersedes the NDPS Act for minors, challenges remain in effectively
addressing drug abuse by this vulnerable population:

• Limited Rehabilitation Options: The current infrastructure for rehabilitation

programs under the JJ Act may be inadequate to handle the growing number of
minors involved in drug abuse. Strengthening and expanding these programs is
crucial.

• Data and Research: Limited data exist on the specific number of minors involved in
drug peddling and the reasons behind their involvement. Further research is needed to
inform policy changes and program development.

• Addressing the Root Causes: Effectively tackling drug abuse among minors requires
addressing the underlying socioeconomic factors that contribute to their vulnerability,
such as poverty, lack of educational opportunities, and dysfunctional family
environments.

Strengthening the Response: Recommendations

• Enhanced Rehabilitation Programs: Investing in robust, well-funded rehabilitation

programs specifically tailored to address drug abuse in minors is essential.

• Community Outreach: Implementing community outreach programs that raise

awareness about the dangers of drug use and educate parents, caregivers, and

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 educators on how to identify and address drug use in minors can play a crucial role in
prevention.

• Life Skills Training: Empowering minors with life skills, including critical thinking,
communication, and conflict resolution, can equip them to resist peer pressure and
make healthy choices.

• Inter-agency Collaboration: Effective communication and collaboration between

law enforcement, social services, rehabilitation centers, and educational institutions
can create a stronger response system to address drug abuse among minors.

• Focus on Reintegration: Rehabilitation programs should go beyond addressing drug

dependence and incorporate strategies that facilitate successful reintegration of minors
into their families, schools, and communities.

The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015 (JJ Act) stands as a beacon
of hope for minors who come into conflict with the law, including those struggling with drug
abuse. In stark contrast to the punitive approach of the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic
Substances Act (NDPS) Act of 1985, the JJ Act prioritizes correction and rehabilitation,
recognizing the unique circumstances and vulnerability of minors. This study delves into the
core principles of the JJ Act that promote correction over punishment, and how it specifically
addresses the issue of drug abuse among minors.

The Philosophy of the JJ Act: Recognizing Minors as Redeemable

The JJ Act is grounded in the fundamental principle that children are not miniature adults.
Their cognitive development, decision-making skills, and susceptibility to influence differ
significantly from adults. The Act recognizes that delinquent behavior in minors often stems
from underlying issues and requires a restorative approach that fosters rehabilitation and
reintegration into society. This philosophy translates into several key features that
differentiate the JJ Act from the punitive approach of the NDPS Act.

Key Features of the JJ Act that Promote Correction

• Diversion: The JJ Act emphasizes diversion from the formal justice system for minor
offenses. This allows for interventions like counseling, community service programs,
and restorative justice practices rather than incarceration. Incarceration can be
detrimental to a minor's development, potentially leading to social isolation, increased

20
 risk of violence, and stunted emotional growth. Diversion programs, on the other
hand, allow minors to address their issues while remaining connected to their families
and communities.

• Child Welfare Committee (CWC): The Act establishes CWCs as specialized bodies
responsible for overseeing cases involving minors in conflict with the law. CWCs
prioritize the best interests of the child and ensure appropriate interventions based on
the specific circumstances of each case. Unlike a traditional court setting, CWC
proceedings are informal and focus on understanding the underlying reasons behind
the minor's behavior. This allows for a more holistic approach to addressing the
problem and ensuring the minor receives the most effective form of intervention.

• Care Institutions: The JJ Act mandates the establishment of specialized care

institutions for minors in need of care and protection. These institutions provide
secure yet nurturing environments where minors can receive education, vocational
training, and psychological support to address the root causes of their behavior. The JJ
Act recognizes that punitive measures alone do not address the underlying issues that
may lead a minor into drug abuse or other delinquent behavior. Care institutions offer
a safe space for minors to heal, develop life skills, and learn positive coping
mechanisms.

• Juvenile Justice Boards (JJBs): JJBs adjudicate cases involving serious offenses
committed by minors. However, even in these cases, the focus is on reformation and
rehabilitation, unlike the NDPS Act which prescribes harsh penalties that may not be
conducive to positive change. JJBs can order individualized plans for minors,
including placement in special homes for reformation, counseling, and vocational
training. These plans are designed to address the specific needs of each minor and
maximize their chances of successful reintegration into society.

• Social Reintegration: The JJ Act emphasizes reintegration of minors back into their
families and communities. Programs can involve family counseling, educational
opportunities, and vocational training to facilitate a successful transition into
adulthood. Social reintegration is crucial for preventing recidivism and ensuring long-
term success. The JJ Act recognizes that a minor's rehabilitation cannot happen in
isolation. By working with families and communities, the Act aims to create a support

21
 system that can empower the minor to make positive choices and become a
productive member of society.

Addressing Drug Abuse Through the JJ Act

Drug abuse poses a specific challenge for minors. The JJ Act recognizes this and provides
specific guidelines for their rehabilitation:

• Special Focus on Rehabilitation: Minors caught in drug-related offenses are directed

towards specialized rehabilitation programs within the framework of the JJ Act. These
programs address not just drug dependence but also underlying problems like peer
pressure, family issues, or mental health concerns. Unlike the NDPS Act which
focuses solely on punishment, the JJ Act recognizes the complex factors that
contribute to drug abuse in minors and tailors its interventions accordingly.

• Age Consideration: The JJ Act clearly defines a "juvenile" as someone below 18

years old. This ensures that minors are not subjected to harsh punishments under the
NDPS Act, which can hinder their potential for rehabilitation. Harsh penalties can
have a detrimental impact on a minor's psychological development and future
prospects. The JJ Act protects minors from lifelong consequences for mistakes made
during a vulnerable stage in their lives.

• Counseling and Therapy: Rehabilitation programs under the JJ Act emphasize

individual and group counseling to address the psychological and emotional factors
contributing to drug abuse in minors.

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 CHAPTER-4
DATA ANALYSIS

AREA OF THE STUDY:

Siliguri, a city within West Bengal, not only acts as a rendezvous point for two districts
(Darjeeling and Jalpaiguri), but also serves as the prime gateway to the entirety of North-East
India. It is tagged as a Tier 2 city, but happens to be a paradise for businessmen and budding
entrepreneurs because of its proximity to the four international borders, namely that of Nepal,
Bangladesh, Bhutan and China. The city has its own identity for being the transit point for
travellers visiting all across the world considering that Bagdogra International Airport is the
closest drop point anyone who wants to visit the hills or the dooars.

Siliguri has always boasted about its popularity in the fields of Tea, Timber and Tourism,
attracting and inviting a diverse set of people belonging to different nationalities, religions,
castes and age groups. Thus, the confluence of cultures has always left a strong imprint in the
minds of the residents of Siliguri. The Twin City is also a hub of talented young individuals
who have recently taken the onus upon themselves to make Siliguri a better city.

Geographically, Siliguri occupies a strategically significant location at the foothills of the

Himalayas, thus earning its moniker as the "Gateway of Northeast India." Situated on the banks
of the Mahananda and Teesta Rivers, Siliguri ranks as the third-largest urban agglomeration in
West Bengal, following Kolkata and Asansol.

For the purpose of this research project, data collection strategy included on-site visits to the
Matigara Police Station, situated in Matigara, Mathapari, West Bengal (PIN- 734010),
and the Siliguri Police Station located in Babupara, Siliguri (PIN- 734001). Furthermore,
the researchers conducted a site visit to the HELP REHABILITATION CENTER situated
at Salbari, n Siliguri (PIN- 734002).

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 DATA RECEIVED FROM MINORS AND ANALYSIS OF THE DATA

Question1. How did you first introduced to drugs or alcohol?

Ten minors from the HELP REHABILITATION CENTER, willingly participated in this
study. Participants were recruited following informed consent procedures and were assured
that their identities will be confidential while making conscious efforts to not ask them any
questions related to their names or other personal details which they were hesitant to share.
Upon being questioned regarding their introduction to drugs, six participants (60%) confirmed
that their immediate peers influenced them into experimenting with drugs, highlighting the
susceptibility of minors to getting manipulated into believing that drug abuse is a style
statement and isn’t all harmful. Three participants (30%) answered that they were drawn
towards it because they were curious (one of these 3 participants also indicated that the
participant had seen drug consumption in a lot of TV Series and that made the participant even
more curious). One participant (10%) chose not to respond as they were evidently hesitant.
Responses No. of respondents
Through friends 6
Through family members 0
Through curiosity 3
Didn’t answer 1

FIRST INTRODUCTION TO DRUGS

THROUGH FRIENDS
3 THROUGH FAMILY MEMBERS
6 THROUGH CURIOSITY
DIDN'T ANSWER

These findings are a clear indication to the fact that these minors aren’t very aware about the
harm that drug abuse poses and are manipulated into thinking that the drugs could make an
individual cool in front of their peers. Thus, emphasizing the added need of attention and
intervention at an early stage by amplifying the anti-drug awareness & drug prevention
campaigns which are mandated under the United Nations Commission On Narcotic Drugs and
National Action Plan for Drug Demand Reduction.
Furthermore, it is noteworthy to understand how the current diaspora within OTT shows come
with an age warning, but there is actually nothing strictly preventing a minor from being
exposed to the concepts of drug abuse, nudity and violence. The age doesn’t come with enough

24
maturity to differentiate between wrong and right in cases where the shows project the wrong
from a very colourful spectrum, subtly hinting towards a very tainted perception of a glamorous
and happening lifestyle.
Early intervention from all spheres related to substance abuse can help the minors to carefully
understand the harmful effects these substances pose in the longer run. The angle of awareness
being applied currently showcases that the jargon used in these programmes are beyond the
understanding of the minors.
Question 2. What challenges have you faced while trying to overcome your drug
addiction?
This particular question emphasizes on a multitude of aspects related to the plight of the
minors trying to quit drugs. The study ventured into the challenges faced by minors while
working towards quitting drugs. Among the ten participants, four (40%) identified intense
cravings as a significant obstacle. A similar number of participants (40%) reported peer
pressure as a major barrier to quitting. Two participants (20%) indicated experiencing various
withdrawal symptoms.

Responses Respondents
Cravings 4
Peer pressure 4
Withdrawal symptoms 2
Didn’t answer 0

CHALLENGES FACED BY MINORS WHEN

THEY TRIED TO QUIT DRUGS

0% CRAVINGS
20%
40% PEER PRESSURE
WITHDRAWAL SYMPTOMS
40% DIDN'T ANSWER

Cravings and peer pressure can be correlated by this diagram as two faces of the same coin.
While modern craving management techniques address the problem from a grass root level,
but cravings are something that is intrinsically related to the brain of an individual and as it
has already been established that minors have a very mouldable mind of their own, cravings
cause a major hurdle in the path of recovery and can be a common cause for relapse.
Peer pressure on the other hand acts as a constant catalyst and disassociation from social
groups can have both positive and negative effects. Considering that 40% of the participants
sighted peer pressure as a reason reiterates on the negative influence often casted upon by the

25
social group that the minor is a part of. Friends and acquaintances have a better access to the
houses considering the familiarity they bring with themselves, but this often leads to the
minors being left unsupervised and often they are influenced into believing what theyre being
told about drug abuse is wrong and the consumption of drugs is nothing more than just a
recreational activity. Such a perspective can be detrimental to individuals who are trying to
disassociate themselves from the world of substance abuse.
20% of the participants face withdrawal symptoms which can often be a harrowing
experience to deal with on a personal level. Drugs have certain chemical components which
have an underlying effect on how the body and mind function. Prolonged drug abuse can
make a person dependent on those drugs and a sudden stop to the consumption can lead to the
body reacting in a manner one wouldn’t expect. It is often attributed to shivers, fever, serious
headache, body pain, loss in appetite, etc. Modern methods to deal with withdrawal
symptoms often include the administration of lesser harmful drugs to slowly help the
individual come in terms with the disassociation.

Question 3. What support do you feel would be most helpful to you during your
recovery journey?
The study delved into the recovery preferences of ten minors grappling with addiction. The
research unearthed a compelling preference for a multi-faceted support system, catering to
individual needs. While some participants (20%) championed the transformative power of one-
on-one counseling sessions, underscoring the importance of personalized therapeutic
interventions, another distinct group (30%) gravitated towards support groups. This preference
suggests a strong yearning for peer connection and the invaluable exchange of shared
experiences during the arduous recovery process. Interestingly, another participant (10%)
highlighted the significance of incorporating recreational activities, hinting at the potential
benefits associated with engaging in healthy leisure pursuits as a pillar of support.
However, the most striking revelation emerged from the majority of participants (40%). They
expressed a resounding belief in the efficacy of a holistic approach, encompassing a
comprehensive range of support mechanisms – individual counseling, group therapy, and
recreational activities. This unanimous preference underscores their profound recognition of
the multifaceted nature of addiction. It highlights their understanding that addiction is not
merely a behavioral issue, but rather a complex web encompassing psychological and social
factors. By incorporating a diverse range of support systems, treatment can create a more robust
framework for healing. This comprehensive approach empowers individuals to not just manage
their addiction, but to achieve lasting recovery and build a fulfilling life beyond it.

Responses Respondents
Counselling session 2
Support groups 3
Recreational activities 1
All of the above 4
Didn’t answer 0

26
 WHICH SUPPORT MORE EFFECTIVE IN
THEIR RECOVERY
5
4
3
2 4
3
1 2
1
0
COUNSELLING SESSIONS SUPPORT GROUPS RECREATIONAL ALL OF THE ABOVE
ACTIVITIES

WHICH SUPPORT MORE EFFECTIVE IN THEIR RECOVERY

These findings showcase that despite there being certain similar preferences, every individual
must be dealt with individually This means that the individuals prefer a tailored support which
understands their mindset over the mere medical requirements.
Psychology plays a major role in recovery and these findings help us understand the importance
of seeping through the walls of judgement before finally fully understanding the minor’s need.
No one technique is enough to efficiently treat a minor, which is why the study throws light on
the need of a holistic treatment mechanism encompassing all the abovementioned categories.
These findings also emphasize on the importance of the provisions mentioned in the JJ Act
with regards to the treatment of Children In Need Of Care And Protection.
Future research could explore the specific factors influencing individual preferences for
different recovery interventions
Question 4. How has your drug use affected your relationships with family and friends?
This study delved into the harrowing consequences of drug use, specifically how it impacts the
delicate fabric of relationships with family and friends. The findings were stark, with all ten
participating minors (100%) reporting a significant decline in the quality of their relationships
after succumbing to drug use. These negative experiences, though varied, painted a grim
picture of how substance abuse can sever bonds and leave individuals feeling isolated.
Strained Connections: A significant portion of participants (20%) reported a pervasive strain
in their relationships with loved ones. This strain could manifest in several ways. Drug use
often leads to behavioral changes, making it difficult for family and friends to recognize the
person they once knew. Communication becomes strained, replaced by suspicion and
frustration. The foundation of trust, once a cornerstone of the relationship, starts to crumble,
leaving a chasm of emotional distance.
Lost Friendships: The corrosive nature of drug use was further exemplified by the experiences
of another 20% of participants. These individuals reported losing friends entirely due to their
addiction. This complete fracturing of social support networks underscores the devastating
power of drug use. Friends who were once confidantes and sources of joy may distance
themselves, unable to navigate the complexities of addiction, or unwilling to witness the self-

27
destructive path their friend has embarked on. This social isolation can exacerbate feelings of
loneliness and despair, further fueling the addiction cycle.
Escalating Conflict: A disheartening 30% of participants reported a significant increase in
conflict within their relationships. Drug use has a pernicious effect on communication, often
leading to arguments, resentment, and a breakdown of understanding. Loved ones may become
increasingly frustrated by the addict's behavior, their pleas for help falling on deaf ears. The
addict, consumed by their dependency, may lash out or become withdrawn, further widening
the rift. This constant state of conflict creates a toxic environment that is detrimental to both
parties.
A Multifaceted Impact: Perhaps the most concerning finding was the experience of the
remaining 30% of participants. These individuals reported a nightmarish combination of all the
previously mentioned problems: strained connections, lost friendships, and heightened conflict.
This highlights the multifaceted nature of the devastation caused by drug use. It doesn't merely
impact one aspect of a relationship; it seeps into every crevice, leaving behind a trail of
emotional wreckage. The cumulative effect can be overwhelming, pushing loved ones further
away and isolating the addict even more.
The research presented here underscores the urgent need for intervention and support. By
addressing the underlying causes of addiction and providing a comprehensive treatment plan,
individuals can begin to repair the damage and rebuild trust with their loved ones.

Responses Respondents
Strained relationship 2
Lost friendships 2
Increased conflict 3
All of the above 3

20%
30%

20%

30%

STRAINED RELATIONSHIP LOST FRIENDSHIP

INCREASED CONFLICT ALL OF THE ABOVE

These findings underscore the urgent need for treatment programs that go beyond simply
addressing the physical dependence on drugs. A holistic approach that tackles the underlying
causes of addiction and equips individuals with the necessary skills to rebuild trust is crucial.
Building healthy communication skills, learning to manage emotions effectively, and
practicing conflict resolution are essential tools for rebuilding relationships. Addiction

28
treatment programs should incorporate support groups and family therapy sessions to foster
open communication and rebuild trust between the addict and their loved ones.
By addressing the damage done to relationships, addiction treatment programs can empower
individuals to not just overcome their addiction, but also reconnect with the people who
matter most. This renewed sense of connection can be a powerful source of strength,
providing the emotional support and encouragement essential for long-term recovery.

Question 5. What triggers or situations make you more likely to relapse into drugs or
alcohol use?
This study ventured beyond surface statistics, delving into the intricate web of factors that
propel minors towards drug use. By analyzing self-reported triggers, researchers gained a
nuanced understanding of the motivations that can lead young people down a dangerous path.
The Allure of Self-Medication: A concerning 30% of participants identified stressful
situations as a major trigger for their initial drug use. This suggests a potential coping
mechanism rooted in desperation. The inability to manage emotional distress effectively may
lead some minors to experiment with substances in a misguided attempt to self-medicate.
Further research is needed to explore the types of stress these individuals face, paving the
way for targeted interventions. Equipping young people with healthy coping mechanisms,
such as mindfulness techniques or emotional regulation skills, could be a crucial step in
preventing drug use as a response to stress. Additionally, improving access to mental health
resources specifically tailored for adolescents could provide a safe space for them to address
underlying emotional difficulties.
Caught in the Web of Peer Pressure: The undeniable influence of peers emerged as another
prominent factor. A staggering 40% of participants attributed their initial drug use to the
pressure exerted by friends. This underlines the profound impact that peer groups have on
shaping adolescent behavior. Developing educational programs that equip young people with
the skills to resist peer pressure and navigate social situations constructively is paramount.
These programs could focus on communication techniques like assertive refusal, building
self-esteem, and developing critical thinking skills to help young people make informed
decisions. Furthermore, fostering positive social networks and promoting the importance of
healthy friendships could provide a strong foundation of support, mitigating the allure of
negative peer pressure.
Beyond Boredom: A Search for Meaning: The study revealed a link between boredom and
drug use, with 20% of participants reporting using drugs due to a sense of ennui and social
isolation. This finding suggests a potential void in the lives of these young people. The
absence of stimulating activities, hobbies, or a sense of belonging can create fertile ground
for unhealthy and risky behaviors. One approach could be to create and promote constructive
activities and social outlets tailored to the interests of different adolescents. This could
involve after-school programs focused on art, music, sports, or volunteer work. By providing
engaging and positive alternatives to fill their time, young people may be less likely to turn to
drugs to escape boredom. Additionally, fostering a sense of belonging through positive social
connections could provide a much-needed sense of purpose and community.

29
The Enigmatic User: A Call for Further Exploration: Intriguingly, 10% of participants
expressed uncertainty regarding the specific factors that led them to use drugs. This finding
highlights the multifaceted nature of drug use in minors, where a complex interplay of
internal and external factors could be at play. Perhaps underlying mental health issues,
undiagnosed learning difficulties, or even a combination of seemingly unrelated events may
contribute to a minor's decision to experiment with substances. Further research that explores
individual circumstances and personal experiences could provide a more holistic
understanding of the triggers for drug use in this population. By unraveling the intricate
tapestry of motivations, researchers and stakeholders can develop more effective prevention
and intervention strategies.
By shedding light on the motivations behind drug use among minors, this study paves the
way for a more comprehensive approach to tackling this issue. Addressing underlying
emotional struggles, fostering positive social support systems, and promoting healthy
alternatives to boredom are crucial steps in creating a safer environment for young people.
Only through a multi-pronged approach can we truly empower them to make informed
decisions and safeguard their well-being.
Responses Respondents
Stressful situation 3
Being around old friends who use 4
Feeling bored or lonely 2
Not sure 1

SITUATIONS WHICH TRIGGERED THEM TO

RELAPSE INTO DRUGS

1, 10%

3, 30%
2, 20%

4, 40%

STRESSFUL SITUATIONS BEING AROUND OLD FRIENDS WHO USE

FEELING BORED OR LONELY NOT SURE

Question 6. Have you experienced any positive changes or improvements since starting
your journey to recovery?
This study offered a glimmer of optimism by delving into the participants' perceptions of their
progress during recovery. A resounding 80% of minors reported experiencing positive changes
and improvements since embarking on their recovery journey. While the specifics of these
changes remain unexamined in this particular study, the finding paints a promising picture of
the potential for successful rehabilitation. However, it's crucial to acknowledge the 20% of

30
participants who expressed uncertainty about their progress. Several factors might contribute
to this sense of ambiguity:
Navigating the Early Stages of Recovery
Recovery from drug use is a marathon, not a sprint. Significant changes often take time to
manifest, requiring consistent effort and dedication. The participants who expressed
uncertainty might still be in the initial stages of their recovery process. During this critical
phase, individuals may experience withdrawal symptoms, intense cravings, and emotional
fluctuations. It's essential to acknowledge the challenges of this early stage and provide
appropriate support systems to help these young people navigate the initial hurdles.
Unmasking Underlying Obstacles
Sometimes, the path to recovery can be obstructed by unresolved issues lurking beneath the
surface. These could include unaddressed mental health conditions, traumatic experiences, or
a lack of healthy coping mechanisms. Without addressing these underlying challenges, true
and lasting recovery may remain elusive. Further research could explore the presence of such
co-occurring issues among minors in recovery, paving the way for a more comprehensive
approach that tackles both the substance use and any underlying causes.
The Importance of a Strong Network
The absence of a strong support system can significantly hinder progress in recovery. Minors
overcoming drug use may require a network of supportive individuals, including family
members, therapists, and peers who are also on the road to recovery. A supportive network can
provide encouragement, accountability, and a sense of belonging during challenging times.
Programs that emphasize building healthy social connections and fostering positive
relationships could play a vital role in bolstering the recovery process for young people.
By acknowledging the challenges faced by the 20% of participants expressing uncertainty, we
gain a more nuanced understanding of the complexities of recovery. This knowledge can
inform the development of more comprehensive and supportive interventions that address the
diverse needs of minors on their journey towards a drug-free life.

Responses Respondents
Yes 8
No 0
Not sure 2

31
 CHANGES OR IMPROVEMENT IN THEIR
RECOVERY JOURNEY

11%
0%

18%

71%

YES NOT SURE NO

The affirmations to this regard prove the efficiency of the rehabilitation methods in place, but
the uncertainty, even though 20%, further proves the importance of helping the minor
understand themselves first, before jumping into the other serious treatments.

Question 7. How do you cope with cravings or urges to use drugs or alcohol?
This study delved deeper into the strategies employed by participating minors to manage their
cravings for drugs or alcohol. The findings illuminated a diverse range of coping mechanisms,
each offering valuable insights into the resilience and resourcefulness displayed by these young
people on their road to recovery.
The Power of Distraction (20%)
Two participants reported using distraction techniques as a weapon against cravings. This
strategy involves diverting attention away from the urge by engaging in activities that bring
enjoyment or require focus. This could encompass anything from listening to music, playing a
sport, or immersing themselves in a creative pursuit. By actively engaging their minds and
bodies, these individuals demonstrate the power of distraction in disrupting the craving cycle.
Future research could explore the specific types of activities found most effective in mitigating
cravings among this age group.
The Strength of Social Support (10%)
One participant highlighted the importance of social support by mentioning they confided in
someone about their cravings. This act of vulnerability underscores the potential benefits of
open communication during recovery. Sharing the experience of cravings with a trusted friend,
family member, therapist, or support group leader can provide a sense of connection, alleviate
feelings of isolation, and offer encouragement during challenging moments. Furthermore,
fostering a supportive environment where open communication is encouraged can empower
other young people to seek help when faced with cravings.
Therapy for Managing Cravings (30%)

32
Three participants utilized coping mechanisms gleaned from therapy sessions to manage
cravings. This finding underscores the critical role of effective rehabilitation programs in
equipping minors with practical tools for navigating recovery. Therapists can teach a range of
techniques, including mindfulness exercises, relaxation techniques, and cognitive-behavioral
therapy (CBT) skills that help individuals recognize triggers, reframe negative thoughts, and
develop healthy coping mechanisms. By incorporating these skills into their daily lives, these
participants demonstrate the potential of therapy in empowering young people to manage
cravings effectively.
Combining Strategies for Success (40%)
The remaining four participants employed a multifaceted approach, combining distraction,
social support, and therapy skills to combat cravings. This finding emphasizes the potential
effectiveness of a holistic approach to managing cravings. By drawing upon a diverse range of
coping mechanisms, these young people showcase their resourcefulness and determination to
stay on the path to recovery. This highlights the importance of fostering a comprehensive
recovery program that incorporates therapy, social support networks, and the identification of
healthy distractions to empower young people to address cravings effectively.
The varied coping mechanisms employed by the participants in this study offer valuable
insights into the strategies that can be effective in managing cravings during recovery. By
acknowledging the diverse approaches utilized, we can develop more comprehensive programs
that equip young people with a robust toolkit for navigating the challenges of overcoming drug
or alcohol use.

Responses Respondents

Distracting themselves with activities 2

Talking to someone about it 1

Using coping skill learned in therapy 3

All of the above 4

33
 20%

40%
10%

30%

ACTIVITIES

TALKING TO SOMEONE ABOUT IT

COPING SKILLS LEARNED IN THE THERAPY

ALL OF THE ABOVE

Question 8. What advice would you give to other young people struggling with drug or
alcohol addiction in Siliguri?

This study presented a remarkable opportunity to amplify the unified voice of ten minors in
Siliguri, all on a shared journey of recovery from drug or alcohol addiction. While
researchers offered specific options for guidance, these young individuals spoke with a
singular, powerful message: a resounding call to action for themselves and others battling
addiction.

Charity Begins At Home

Excluding the dysfunctional families, families are often portrayed as a vigilante who must be
avoided and feared, but in reality, families can help exponentially in such situations because
they are bound by love and the same blood. It is often believed that the age gap plays as a
demotivating factor, but few of the participants had a very noble outlook and they focused on
how an altered perspective of the age gap can help. The altered perspective being that the age
gap is a clearly indication of enhanced maturity and experience possessed by the elder ones in
the family.

The Courage to Seek Help Early

The overwhelming emphasis from all ten participants resonated around the critical
importance of seeking help as soon as possible. This unwavering message cuts through the
stigma often associated with addiction, urging those struggling to prioritize their well-being

34
and access the support and treatment they deserve. By openly acknowledging their own
experiences, these young people dismantle the walls of isolation and shame, paving the way
for others to reach out for help without fear of judgment. This united call to action serves as a
beacon of hope, encouraging those battling addiction to take that crucial first step towards
recovery.

Cultivating a Support System

Surrounding oneself with a positive and supportive network emerged as a cornerstone of

advice from every participant. This reinforces the undeniable value of a strong recovery
network, a support system that acts as a safety net and a springboard for lasting change. The
participants highlight the importance of seeking out individuals who genuinely care, who
offer encouragement and celebrate milestones along the way. This network could encompass
family members, therapists, support group leaders, or even peers who are also on the path to
recovery. By fostering a sense of belonging and shared experience, a strong support system
empowers individuals to navigate challenges and sustain their commitment to recovery.

Embracing Resilience on the Road to Recovery

The participants offered a poignant reminder that the road to recovery is a winding path, not a
straight shot to the finish line. They acknowledged the importance of unwavering
commitment, a steadfast dedication to the journey of healing, despite the inevitable obstacles
that may arise. This message underscores the need for long-term support systems that provide
ongoing guidance, encouragement, and accountability. The road to recovery is not without its
detours and moments of doubt. Cravings may resurface, and setbacks may occur. However,
by embracing a long-term perspective and seeking support during these challenging times,
individuals can develop the resilience required for lasting change.

The unified message from these ten participants transcends the boundaries of individual
experiences. It serves as a powerful testament to the strength and solidarity found in shared
struggles. Their unwavering advice offers a clear roadmap for young people in Siliguri
grappling with addiction and by amplifying the voices of these ten young people, this study
offers a beacon of hope for those battling addiction in Siliguri. Their collective message
serves not only as a testament to their own strength but also as a powerful call to action for
the community to dismantle the stigma surrounding addiction and create a supportive
environment where seeking help is encouraged and recovery is celebrated. Furthermore,
increased awareness and educational programs can help to prevent addiction in the first place

35
by equipping young people with the knowledge and life skills to make healthy choices. By
working together, the community of Siliguri can create a brighter future for its youth, free
from the stranglehold of addiction.

Question 9. How do you envision your life once you have successfully overcome your
addiction?

This study ventured beyond the immediate throes of overcoming addiction, casting a light on
the aspirations that fueled the participants' journeys. The responses unveiled a symphony of
hope, a collective yearning to reclaim a life brimming with meaning and fulfillment. Here, we
explore the thematic threads woven into this tapestry of hope, threads that illuminate the
powerful potential for personal transformation that lies on the other side of addiction.

Mending Broken Threads: Reconnecting with Family and Friends (30%)

For three participants, a burning desire to reconnect with estranged family and friends
emerged as a cornerstone of their aspirations. This profound yearning underscores the crucial
role that repaired relationships play in long-term recovery. A supportive social network acts
as a safety net, offering unwavering encouragement and a profound sense of belonging during
challenging times. Through genuine efforts at reconciliation, participants embark on a path to
rebuild trust and heal the wounds of the past. Family and friends can become pillars of
strength, offering unconditional love, unwavering support, and a renewed sense of
connection. This reconnection fosters a sense of belonging and acceptance, serving as a
powerful buffer against relapse. Imagine someone who strained ties with loved ones due to
their addiction; the process of reconciliation could involve heartfelt apologies, open
communication about the challenges of addiction, and a genuine commitment to rebuilding
trust. Slowly but surely, these efforts can pave the way for stronger, healthier relationships,
offering a vital support system that bolsters the individual's resolve on their recovery journey.

Unlocking Potential: Pursuing educations and career goals (20%)

Two participants identified pursuing their education and career goals as a central pillar of
their future vision. This aspiration serves as a potent symbol of the transformative power of
addiction recovery. By overcoming addiction, individuals unlock the potential that may have
been veiled by the fog of substance abuse. Doors that were once closed can now be opened,
allowing them to pursue their educational aspirations. This could involve completing high
school, attending vocational training to acquire new skills, or even returning to higher

36
education to obtain a long-desired degree. The pursuit of education can empower individuals
to break free from the limitations imposed by addiction and build a brighter future.
Furthermore, recovery can open doors to employment opportunities that may have been out
of reach due to addiction. The ability to contribute meaningfully to society through work can
bolster self-esteem, provide financial security, and offer a deep sense of accomplishment.
Imagine someone who dropped out of school due to addiction; through recovery, they may
find the clarity and focus to return and complete their education. This newfound dedication
could empower them to not only graduate but also land a fulfilling job in their chosen field,
replacing feelings of purposelessness with a sense of accomplishment and pride.

Rekindling the Spark: Engaging in hobbies and interest (20%)

Two participants expressed a fervent desire to re-engage with their hobbies and personal
interests as a significant part of their future plans. This aspiration reflects a yearning to
rediscover the joy and fulfillment that may have been overshadowed by addiction.
Reconnecting with passions, whether it be music, art, sports, or spending time in nature, can
provide a healthy source of enjoyment, a welcome distraction from cravings, and a powerful
tool for stress reduction. Furthermore, hobbies offer an avenue for fostering a sense of
accomplishment outside of the realm of recovery. Engaging in activities that bring joy can
create a sense of purpose and identity, reminding participants of the vibrant individuals they
are beyond their struggles with addiction. Imagine someone who gave up playing music due
to their addiction; through recovery, they may find the motivation to dust off their instrument
and rediscover the joy of creating music. This reconnection with a cherished pastime can
provide not only enjoyment but also a sense of accomplishment and a renewed sense of self.

A Holistic Path to Wholeness: All of the above (30%)

The remaining three participants articulated a future vision that encompassed a harmonious
blend of all the aforementioned aspirations. This holistic approach underscores the
multifaceted nature of a fulfilling life beyond addiction. Reconnected relationships with loved
ones provide a foundation of support, educational and career pursuits offer a sense of purpose
and direction, and rekindled passions add vibrancy and joy to the journey of recovery. This
multifaceted approach highlights the importance of fostering a life enriched by strong
connections, meaningful work or education, and the pursuit of personal interests. Imagine
someone who yearns to reconnect with family, graduate high school, and start playing music
again; their recovery journey would encompass efforts on all these fronts. The support of

37
their family would fuel their determination to succeed in school, and the satisfaction of
academic achievement would motivate them to continue pursuing their musical passion. This
holistic approach to recovery fosters a sense of balance and fulfillment, creating a life that is
not just free from addiction but brimming with meaning and purpose.

Responses Respondents
Reconnecting with family and friends 3
Pursuing educations and career goals 2
Engaging in hobbies and interest 2
All of the above 3

30% 30%

20% 20%

FAMILY AND FRIENDS EDUCATION AND CAREER

HOBBIES AND INTEREST ALL OF THE ABOVE

Question 10. What changes would you like to see in the community to better support
young people dealing with drug or alcohol addiction?

This study transcended the realm of data collection, offering a platform for ten young people
in recovery to voice their desires for a more supportive community in Siliguri for those
battling drug or alcohol addiction. While researchers presented various options, a unified
message resonated through their responses – a resounding call to action for a community shift
that prioritizes the well-being of its youth.
Breaking Down Barriers: Increasing Accessibility of Treatment (20%)
Two participants identified the crucial need for more accessible treatment options. This
underscores the importance of removing obstacles that may hinder young people from
seeking the help they deserve. Increased accessibility could encompass several facets:
Expanding Existing Programs: Strengthening and expanding existing treatment programs
can ensure a wider reach within the community. This could involve offering services at
additional locations, extending operating hours, or increasing the number of available
therapists and counselors.

38
Alleviating Financial Burdens: Lowering the cost of treatment, or exploring options for
financial assistance, can make these vital services more attainable for young people and their
families. This could involve advocating for insurance coverage for addiction treatment,
exploring grant opportunities, or establishing scholarship programs specifically for addiction
recovery.
Tailored Approaches: Developing flexible treatment schedules that cater to individual needs
can further enhance accessibility. This could involve offering evening or weekend sessions to
accommodate work or school commitments, or exploring telehealth options to eliminate
geographical barriers to care.
Shattering the Stigma: Fostering Understanding and Acceptance (20%)
Another two participants highlighted the importance of dismantling the stigma that often
surrounds addiction. This stigma can act as a formidable barrier, preventing young people
from seeking help due to fear of judgment or shame. To address this issue, the following
approaches could be considered:
Educational Campaigns: Launching educational campaigns in schools and community
centers can raise awareness about addiction as a complex disease, not a moral failing. These
campaigns can dispel myths, promote understanding, and encourage empathy.
Community Outreach Programs: Organizing outreach programs that directly engage with
young people can foster open and honest conversations about addiction. This could involve
partnering with youth groups, community centers, or faith-based organizations to create safe
spaces for dialogue.
Sharing Stories of Recovery: Amplifying the voices of individuals in recovery, through
testimonials, support groups, or public awareness campaigns, can offer hope and inspiration
to others struggling with addiction.
Strengthening the Infrastructure: Building More Rehabilitation Centers (20%)
Two participants expressed a fervent desire for more rehabilitation centers in Siliguri. This
highlights the critical need for increased resources and infrastructure dedicated to supporting
young people on their road to recovery. Expanding access to rehabilitation centers can offer
several benefits:
Specialized Care: These centers can provide intensive, structured treatment programs
tailored specifically to the needs of adolescents battling addiction.
Supportive Environment: Rehabilitation centers offer a safe and controlled environment,
free from the triggers and temptations that may exist in a young person's daily life.
Holistic Approach: Many rehabilitation centers adopt a holistic treatment approach that
addresses not only addiction but also underlying mental health issues, social challenges, and
co-occurring disorders.
A Comprehensive Support System (40%)

39
The remaining four participants echoed the aforementioned concerns, emphasizing their
desire for a comprehensive support system that addresses accessibility, stigma, and
availability of resources. This holistic approach underscores the complexity of creating a
truly supportive environment for young people in recovery. By addressing these multifaceted
needs, the community of Siliguri can create a safety net that empowers young people to
overcome addiction and build a brighter future.
The unified voice of these ten participants serves as a powerful call to action. It compels the
community of Siliguri to join forces, dismantle the barriers to treatment, and create an
environment where seeking help is encouraged and recovery is celebrated. By implementing
these recommendations, Siliguri can pave the way for a future where young people struggling
with addiction have the resources and support they need to heal, thrive, and reclaim their
lives.

Responses Respondents
Accessible treatment 2
Reduced stigma surrounding addiction 2
Increase opportunities foe rehab 2
All of the above 4

ACCESSIBLE TREATMENT REDUCE STIGMA

INCREASE OPPORTUNITY FOR REHAB ALL OF THE ABOVE

40
DATA FROM THE REHABILITATION CENTRE

Question 1. Has there been an increase in consumption of drugs by minors post the
COVID-19 pandemic?
This study ventured beyond the surface statistics, delving into a concern echoed by the
rehabilitation authority in Siliguri – a potential surge in substance abuse among minors
following the COVID-19 pandemic. This apprehension mirrored emerging national and
international anxieties about the broader societal impact of the pandemic, particularly on the
mental health of young people.
The rehabilitation authority's response served as a stark validation of these concerns,
suggesting a possible increase in drug use amongst minors in Siliguri. This potential trend
warrants further investigation, particularly in light of the unique challenges presented by the
pandemic. Lockdowns and social distancing measures, while crucial for public health, may
have inadvertently fostered a breeding ground for isolation, loneliness, and depression in young
people. Disconnected from their usual social circles, educational routines, and extracurricular
activities, minors may have found themselves grappling with feelings of uncertainty, boredom,
and a sense of powerlessness in the face of a seemingly uncontrollable situation.
This potential correlation between the pandemic and substance use initiation necessitates
further research to be definitively established.

Question 2. Which drugs are most commonly abused by minors in Siliguri?

This study peered into the heart of the issue at hand, aiming to identify the most prevalent
substances of abuse among the minor participants admitted to the "HELP Rehabilitation"
center. The findings, revealed by the center's director, painted a concerning picture, dominated
by the presence of highly addictive opioids.
The Dominance of "Brown Sugar" (80%)
The most striking revelation was the prevalence of "Brown sugar," a street term commonly
associated with heroin, as the primary substance of abuse for eight out of the ten participants
(80%). This high percentage suggests a potential dominance of heroin use within the sample
population at HELP Rehabilitation. Heroin, a highly addictive opioid, poses a severe threat to
physical and mental health, often leading to a rapid decline in well-being and a vicious cycle
of dependence. The presence of such a potent substance underlines the gravity of the situation
and the urgent need for effective intervention strategies.
Exploring "Lupi (injection)" (20%)
The remaining two participants admitted to HELP Rehabilitation battled addiction to "lupi
(injection)," likely referring to injectable formulations of opioids or other potentially dangerous
substances. This finding underscores the multifaceted nature of the issue, suggesting that heroin
might not be the sole culprit. Injectable drugs, regardless of their specific composition, carry a
heightened risk of infection, overdose, and severe health complications. Further investigation

41
into the exact nature of "lupi (injection)" could provide valuable insights into the specific
patterns of substance abuse prevalent in this particular community.
By delving deeper into the underlying complexities, the community can develop more targeted
prevention and intervention strategies tailored to address the root causes of the problem. The
fight against substance abuse among minors requires a multifaceted approach, encompassing
not only treatment for existing addiction but also preventative measures that address the social,
economic, and psychological factors that may contribute to it.
Question 3. Substance abuse by minors is more common in rural areas than urban
areas.
While this study focused on the experiences of minors admitted to the "HELP Rehabilitation"
center, it is crucial to acknowledge the limitations inherent in such a focused approach. The
data collected offers valuable insights into the specific challenges faced by this particular
group, but generalizability to the broader population of minors in Siliguri requires further
exploration.
This research suggests a possible trend of higher rates of substance abuse among minors in
rural settings compared to urban ones. By incorporating data from rural and urban rehabilitation
centers, or through population-based surveys, a more comprehensive picture of substance abuse
patterns among minors in Siliguri can be established.
The findings from the "HELP Rehabilitation" center serve as a valuable springboard for further
investigation. They illuminate the presence of a serious concern – substance abuse among
minors in Siliguri. However, to develop truly effective interventions, a more comprehensive
understanding of the issue is necessary.
Upon our conversation with the Director of the Center and by acknowledging the limitations
of this study and by undertaking broader research efforts that encompass geographic variations,
sample size considerations, and a deeper exploration of underlying causes, the community of
Siliguri can move towards tackling this challenge with greater focus and efficacy.

Question 4. Drug abusing minors are more susceptible to being involved in other
crimes.
The observations shared by the director of the "HELP Rehabilitation" center resonated deeply
with established research on the complex relationship between substance abuse, financial
hardship, and criminal activity. This convergence underscores the urgent need to address these
issues not in isolation, but as a tightly woven web that demands a multifaceted approach.
Financial Burdens and the Allure of Crime
The director's suggestion that financial constraints driven by drug dependence might push
minors towards criminal activity to fund their substance use aligns perfectly with existing
research. Addiction, particularly to potent opioids like heroin, often creates a relentless cycle
of dependence. As tolerance builds, users require increasingly larger quantities of the drug to
achieve the desired effect. This escalating need can quickly outpace a minor's ability to generate
legitimate income, leading them down a perilous path towards criminal activity to finance their

42
habit. Petty theft, drug dealing, or even more serious crimes may become a desperate means to
an end, a tragic consequence of addiction's grip.
A Vicious Cycle: From Dependence to Delinquency
The potential for a vicious cycle emerges. Criminal activity fueled by addiction can lead to
further social isolation, legal repercussions, and a sense of hopelessness, all of which can
exacerbate the underlying addiction. This downward spiral can trap minors in a seemingly
inescapable web of substance abuse and criminal behavior. Addressing this issue requires a
two-pronged approach: tackling the root causes of addiction and mitigating the financial
pressures that may push young people towards crime.
Breaking the Cycle: A Multifaceted Approach
To truly break this cycle, a multifaceted approach is essential. Here are some potential avenues
to explore:
Expanding Access to Affordable Treatment: Making addiction treatment more accessible
and affordable can empower minors to seek help and break free from the cycle of dependence.
Developing Life Skills Programs: Equipping young people with essential life skills, such as
financial literacy and job training, can enhance their employability and reduce their
vulnerability to financial hardship.
Strengthening Support Systems: Building strong social support networks through family,
community programs, and mentorship initiatives can provide a safety net, fostering a sense of
belonging and offering guidance away from criminal activity.
Addressing Underlying Issues: Exploring the factors that may have initially contributed to
substance abuse, such as mental health concerns or social pressures, can be crucial in
preventing relapse and promoting long-term recovery.
By acknowledging the director's observations and aligning them with existing research, the
community of Siliguri can embark on a collaborative effort to dismantle this web of
vulnerability. By focusing on accessible treatment, financial empowerment, robust support
systems, and addressing the root causes of addiction, Siliguri can create a brighter future for its
youth, free from the stranglehold of substance abuse and criminal activity.

Question 5. Do minors play an active role in the selling of drugs?

The story shared by the director of the "HELP Rehabilitation" center transcended the realm of
mere statistics. It offered a poignant glimpse into the harsh realities faced by some minors in
Siliguri – the potential entrapment within the insidious web of the drug trade. The case of the
participant, who admitted to a past of "drug peddling" as a minor, serves as a stark reminder of
the lasting consequences that can stem from such involvement.
From Peddling to Rehabilitation: A Story of Broken Dreams
This individual's narrative is a cautionary tale. Apprehended by the police and placed in the
Jalpaiguri Korok juvenile home, their youthful years were undoubtedly marked by a brush with
the justice system. Now, at approximately 22 years old, he seeks solace and a path to recovery

43
at the rehabilitation center. This trajectory highlights the potential for addiction to take root
early in life, fueled by involvement in the drug trade. The consequences can be far-reaching,
impacting not just physical and mental well-being but also educational opportunities and future
prospects.
While this is a solitary case study, it resonates with a broader concern – the potential for minors
to be drawn into the drug trade in Siliguri. The factors that contribute to this phenomenon
warrant further investigation.
The story shared by the director serves as a powerful call to action. By acknowledging the
potential for minors to be entangled in the drug trade and by investigating the root causes of
this phenomenon, Siliguri can take proactive steps to protect its youth and prevent them from
falling victim to this destructive path. By fostering a supportive and empowering environment,
the community can guide young people towards a brighter future, free from the allure of the
drug trade.

Question 6. Illiteracy and poverty act as a catalyst to substance abuse by minors.

The observations gleaned from the "HELP Rehabilitation" center director shed light on a
potential link between socioeconomic factors and substance abuse among minors in Siliguri.
His insight regarding a higher prevalence of minors from rural areas battling addiction warrants
further exploration. This correlation aligns seamlessly with established research that
underscores the complex interplay between socioeconomic disadvantage, educational
attainment, and the risk of substance use initiation.
The Grip of Poverty: Limited Options, Heightened Vulnerability
The director's observation suggests that minors from rural areas, often grappling with higher
rates of poverty, may be particularly vulnerable to substance abuse. Poverty can create a web
of limitations, restricting access to resources and opportunities that could foster a sense of hope
and purpose. Limited access to quality education, recreational activities, or positive role models
can leave young people feeling isolated and lacking a clear path for the future. In such
circumstances, substance abuse can emerge as a tempting escape, offering a temporary reprieve
from the harsh realities of their situation.
Beyond Financial Hardship: The Importance of Education
The research cited by the director further highlights the crucial role of education in mitigating
the risk of substance abuse. Limited educational attainment can leave young people feeling ill-
equipped to navigate the challenges of life. Without strong literacy and critical thinking skills,
they may struggle to find fulfilling employment, develop healthy coping mechanisms for
dealing with stress, or access information about the dangers of substance use. This lack of
knowledge and limited resources can make them more susceptible to peer pressure or the allure
of drugs as a means of self-medication for emotional difficulties.
By acknowledging the director's observations and aligning them with existing research, the
community of Siliguri can embark on a collaborative effort to dismantle this web of
vulnerability. By focusing on rural development, educational equity, and destigmatization,

44
Siliguri can create a more hopeful future for its youth, one where socioeconomic circumstances
do not predetermine susceptibility to substance abuse.

Question 7. What services do you think rehabilitation centers for minors in Siliguri
should offer?
The vision for a brighter future for minors struggling with substance abuse in Siliguri extends
beyond simply removing them from the grip of addiction. The insights gleaned from the "HELP
Rehabilitation" center director illuminate the critical need for a comprehensive and
multifaceted approach to recovery. Here, we delve deeper into the range of services that could
empower institutions catering to minors in Siliguri to create a holistic and effective treatment
framework.
Individual and Group Therapy/Counseling
Therapeutic interventions form the cornerstone of a successful recovery journey. A variety of
modalities, such as Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) or Motivational Interviewing (MI),
can be employed to address the underlying thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that contribute
to substance use. CBT equips them with the tools to identify and challenge negative thought
patterns that fuel cravings, while MI fosters intrinsic motivation for change and empowers them
to take ownership of their recovery process.
Medical Detoxification
The initial stages of recovery can be physically challenging. Medically supervised withdrawal
management, or detoxification, minimizes discomfort and potential health risks associated with
discontinuing drug use. During this critical phase, medical professionals closely monitor vital
signs and provide necessary medications to ease withdrawal symptoms, ensuring a safe and
medically sound transition into recovery.
Educational and Vocational Training
Addiction can often disrupt a young person's educational trajectory and limit future
employment options. Equipping them with academic skills and vocational training
opportunities is vital for their successful reintegration into society. Educational programs can
help them catch up on missed coursework or pursue a high school diploma, while vocational
training can equip them with marketable skills that enhance their employability and offer a
sense of accomplishment.
Family Therapy and Support
Family dynamics play a crucial role in both the onset and recovery of addiction. Involving
families in the treatment process through education, support groups, and skill-building
workshops fosters understanding, strengthens family bonds, and empowers families to provide
a supportive and stable home environment. Family therapy can address co-occurring mental
health issues within the family unit, fostering healthier communication patterns and creating a
foundation for ongoing support throughout the recovery journey.
Recreational Activities

45
Recovery is not solely about abstinence; it's about replacing unhealthy habits with healthy ones.
Offering engaging and age-appropriate recreational activities fosters the development of
positive coping mechanisms. This can include sports, music, art, or even outdoor activities.
Engaging in these activities promotes social interaction, reduces boredom, and provides a sense
of accomplishment, all of which contribute to relapse prevention.
Tailored Interventions
Addiction manifests differently in each individual. A "one-size-fits-all" approach to treatment
simply cannot be effective. The director's emphasis on tailored interventions underscores the
importance of creating individualized treatment plans that consider each minor's unique needs,
background, and circumstances. This personalized approach ensures that all aspects of a young
person's life are addressed, optimizing their chances of achieving long-term recovery.
The Power of Wholeness In Recovery
The director's call for providing "all suitable therapies" resonates deeply. Addiction is a
complex issue with biological, psychological, and social components. A holistic approach to
rehabilitation recognizes this complexity and integrates various therapeutic modalities,
educational opportunities, family support, and healthy lifestyle practices. By addressing all
facets of an individual's well-being, this holistic approach creates a more robust foundation for
long-term recovery and a brighter future for minors struggling with substance abuse in Siliguri.

Question 8. What age group of minors in Siliguri are most vulnerable to drug abuse?
While the "HELP Rehabilitation" center serves a broader population, the limitations of the
sample size in this study necessitate caution when drawing definitive conclusions about the
most vulnerable age group for drug abuse among minors in Siliguri. However, the age
distribution of the ten participants who were admitted during the study period offers some
initial insights, potentially serving as a springboard for further investigation.
Age Distribution Among Participants
18 Years Old (40%) – Four out of the ten participants belonged to this age group. This finding
suggests that young adults on the cusp of legal adulthood may be particularly susceptible to
substance abuse. The pressures of navigating increased independence, coupled with potential
challenges related to education, employment, or social life, could contribute to their
vulnerability.
17 Years Old (50%) – The majority of participants (five out of ten) fell within this age bracket.
This finding aligns with research suggesting that adolescence, a period marked by significant
physical, emotional, and social development, can be a time of heightened risk for substance
use initiation. Teenagers grappling with identity formation, peer pressure, and a desire for
experimentation may be more susceptible to the allure of drugs.
16 Years Old (10%) – Only one participant in the study belonged to this age group. While this
limited data point should be interpreted cautiously, it underscores the importance of
acknowledging that even younger adolescents can be vulnerable to substance abuse. Early
intervention and preventative measures are crucial to address this concern.

46
By acknowledging the limitations of the sample size and by undertaking further research that
delves deeper into the reasons behind substance use, types of substances used, and access to
treatment for different age groups, the community of Siliguri can develop more targeted
prevention and intervention strategies.

Question 9. Are minors in Siliguri more likely to experiment with drugs due to peer
pressure or personal curiosity?
The observations shared by the director of the "HELP Rehabilitation" center shed light on two
potential factors that can propel minors in Siliguri down the path of substance abuse: peer
pressure and personal curiosity. Understanding these influences is crucial in crafting effective
preventive measures.
The Allure of Peer Pressure
Adolescence is a period of intense social development, making young people particularly
susceptible to the influence of their peers. The director's emphasis on peer pressure underscores
its potency as a risk factor for substance use initiation. The desire to conform, fit in with a
particular social circle, or gain acceptance from friends can be a powerful motivator. Exposure
to a social environment where drug use is normalized can significantly increase a minor's
likelihood of experimenting with substances, even if they initially harbor reservations. The
pressure to "be cool" or "not be a party pooper" can cloud judgment and lead to decisions with
lasting consequences.
The Spark of Curiosity
The director also highlights the role of personal curiosity as a potential trigger for substance
use. Adolescence is a naturally inquisitive time. A young person's innate desire to explore and
experiment with new experiences can lead them down a path of substance use. The allure of
the unknown, the thrill of potential risk-taking, or a simple desire to understand the appeal of
drugs can all contribute to this initial exploration. This curiosity, if not addressed or channeled
constructively, can evolve into experimentation and potentially lead to dependence.
The Interplay of Influences
The director's observation suggests that these factors rarely operate in isolation. Peer pressure
and personal curiosity often intertwine in a complex dance, influencing a minor's decision to
use drugs. Curiosity might pique a young person's interest initially, planting a seed of desire to
try something new. Peer pressure from friends could then act as a catalyst for actual
experimentation. A friend's nonchalant attitude towards drug use, coupled with pressure to
"join the fun," can easily override initial reservations and push a curious young person towards
making a risky choice.

Question 10. Have you noticed any trends or changes in the patterns of drug abuse among
minors in Siliguri over the past few years?
The response from the "HELP Rehabilitation" center director regarding potential changes in
drug abuse patterns among minors in Siliguri painted a picture of uncertainty. While he

47
acknowledged observing some shifts in recent years, the specifics of these changes remain
unclear. This lack of concrete data underscores the urgent need for further investigation to
effectively address the evolving challenges of substance abuse among Siliguri's youth. The
director's comments suggest that the landscape of drug abuse among minors in Siliguri might
be undergoing some transformation. This is a crucial observation, even without specific details.
It highlights the dynamic nature of this issue and the potential for new trends to emerge.
Without a clear understanding of these potential shifts, it becomes difficult to develop effective
and targeted interventions.

CHAPTER -5

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS

Conclusion:

Siliguri, a vibrant city nestled at the foothills of the Himalayas, finds itself grappling with a
growing threat - the insidious rise of drug abuse among its youth. This report serves as a stark
wake-up call, meticulously dissecting the factors that contribute to this concerning trend, the
legal framework in place, and the challenges that impede effective rehabilitation and
reintegration efforts.

Our comprehensive survey paints a disturbing picture - a significant increase in substance abuse
among minors in Siliguri. Law enforcement encounters with young people battling addiction
underscore their vulnerability and the urgent need for intervention. This rise necessitates a
multifaceted approach that delves into the root causes of this phenomenon.

Several factors contribute to the rise of drug abuse among minors in Siliguri. One particularly
concerning aspect is the disturbing link between the exploitation of minors and their
recruitment into drug peddling activities. Their inherent vulnerability makes them easy targets
for traffickers who may resort to coercion, manipulative tactics, or the promise of quick money.
The report further exposes a calculated approach employed by drug syndicates - the strategic
deployment of women in their operations. This tactic exploits societal blind spots, where
women are less likely to be suspected of criminal activity. While the Narcotic Drugs and
Psychotropic Substances Act (NDPS Act) applies equally, women involved in drug trafficking

48
may be more susceptible to coercion due to socioeconomic factors or power imbalances within
these criminal networks.

Law Enforcement and the Rehabilitation Focus

Interestingly, law enforcement authorities in Siliguri seem to prioritize rehabilitation and

counseling for minors struggling with addiction over pursuing criminal charges. This approach
demonstrates a commendable level of understanding regarding the underlying issues often
fueling substance abuse. However, a critical data gap exists due to privacy concerns, hindering
the development of a truly comprehensive understanding of the epidemic's scope and the
specific demographics most affected.

Despite the challenges, the report also offers a glimmer of hope. It outlines a model for a robust
rehabilitation and reintegration program tailored to the specific needs of drug-abusing minors
in Siliguri. This program should encompass a comprehensive suite of services including:

• Medically Supervised Detoxification: Providing a safe and medically sound

environment for minors to undergo withdrawal from substances, minimizing
discomfort and potential health risks.

• Individual and Group Therapy: Employing various therapeutic modalities like

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) or Motivational Interviewing (MI) to address the
underlying thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that contribute to substance use.

• Educational and Vocational Training: Equipping minors with academic skills and
vocational training opportunities to improve their future employment prospects and
foster a sense of purpose.

• Life Skills Development: Developing essential life skills such as communication,

problem-solving, and decision-making to empower minors to navigate challenges and
resist the allure of drugs in the future.

• Support Groups: Providing access to peer support groups where minors can connect
with others on similar journeys, fostering a sense of community and belonging during
recovery.

Recommendations:

49
• Investing in Rehabilitation Infrastructure: Allocate resources for establishing
government-funded rehabilitation centers specifically catering to minors. These centers
should provide the comprehensive treatment programs outlined above, creating a safe
and supportive environment for recovery. Additionally, consider establishing halfway
houses to bridge the gap between residential treatment and full reintegration into
society.

• Supporting Private Facilities: Recognize the role of private rehabilitation centers and
consider providing financial assistance or collaborating with them to bridge the gap and
expand access to treatment options for minors in need.

• Strengthening Law Enforcement: Enhance law enforcement efforts to dismantle drug

trafficking syndicates operating within the city. Prioritize apprehending higher-level
criminals who exploit minors for peddling activities, disrupting the supply chain and
dismantling criminal networks. Consider collaborating with regional law enforcement
agencies to address cross-border trafficking issues.

• Public Awareness Campaigns: Implement impactful public awareness campaigns

that highlight the dangers of drug abuse. Educate parents and communities on early
intervention strategies to identify potential warning signs in their children and
neighbors. Additionally, it is crucial to challenge societal biases surrounding addiction,
fostering a more compassionate and supportive environment for recovery. Incorporate
awareness campaigns into local festivals and events to maximize reach.

• Empowering Minors: Develop life skills development programs to be integrated into

school curriculums and offered in rehabilitation centers.

50
BIBLIOGRAPGHY-
Statutes:

1. The Narcotic Drugs And Psychotropic Substances, Act, 1985

2. The Constitution of India, 1950.

3. The Juvenile Justice (Care And Protection Of Children) Act, 2015

Websites and Journals :

1. Tripathi BM, Lal R. Substance abuse in children and adolescents. Indian J

Pediatr. 1999;
2. Addiction India (2008) Drug of abuse Classification and Effects, accessed
from http://www.addictionindia.org;
3. Tsering D, Pal R, Dasgupta A. Substance use among adolescent high school
students in India; A survey of knowledge, attitude and opinion. J Pharm
Bioallied Sci. 2010 Apr-Jun; 2(2): 137–140;
4. Villani S. Impact of media on children and adolescents: A 10-year review of
the research. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2001;
5. M. Agarwal, A. Nischal, A. Agarwal, J. Verma and S. Dhanasekaran,
“Substance Abuse in Children and Adolescents in India,” J. Indian Assoc.;
6. Saxena V, Saxena Y, Kishore G, Kumar P. A study on substance abuse among
school going male adolescents of Doiwala Block, District Dehradun. Indian J
Public Health 2010; 54:197-200;
7. Varma VK, Singh A, Singh S, Malhotra AK. Extent and pattern of alcohol use
in North India. Indian J Psychiatry 1980;

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 ANNEXURE-A
QUESTIONNAIRE

QUESTIONNAIRE FOR MINORS

1.How did you first get introduced to drugs or alcohol?

a) Through friends
b) Through family members
c) Through curiosity
d) I don't want to answer

2. What challenges have you faced while trying to overcome your drug or alcohol addiction?
a) Cravings
b) Peer pressure
c) Withdrawal symptoms
d) I don't want to answer

3. What support do you feel would be most helpful to you during your recovery journey?
a) Counseling sessions
b) Support groups
c) Recreational activities
d) All of the above
d) I'm not sure

4. How has your drug or alcohol use affected your relationships with family and friends?
a) Strained relationships
b) Lost friendships
c) Increased conflict
d) All of the above
d) I don't want to answer

5. What triggers or situations make you more likely to relapse into drug or alcohol use?
a) Stressful situations
b) Being around old friends who use
c) Feeling bored or lonely
d) I'm not sure

6. Have you experienced any positive changes or improvements since starting your journey
to recovery?
a) Yes
b) No
c) Not sure
d) I don't want to answer

7. How do you cope with cravings or urges to use drugs or alcohol?

52
 a) Distracting myself with activities
b) Talking to someone about it
c) Using coping skills learned in therapy
d) All of the above
d) I'm not sure

8. What advice would you give to other young people struggling with drug or alcohol
addiction in Siliguri?
a) Seek help as soon as possible
b) Surround yourself with supportive people
c) Stay committed to your recovery journey
d) All of the above
d) I don't want to answer

9. How do you envision your life once you have successfully overcome your addiction?
a) Reconnecting with family and friends
b) Pursuing education or career goals
c) Engaging in hobbies and interests
d) All of the above
d) I'm not sure

10. What changes would you like to see in the community to better support young people
dealing with drug or alcohol addiction?
a) More accessible treatment options
b) Reduced stigma surrounding addiction
c) Increased opportunities for rehabilitation and support
d) All of the above
d) I don't want to answer

53
QUESTIONNAIRE FOR AUTHORITY OF REHABILITATION
CENTER

1. Has there been an increase in consumption of drugs by minors post the COVID-19
pandemic?
-Yes
-No
-Uncertain
2. Which drugs are most commonly abused by minors in Siliguri?
- Inhalants
- Prescription Drugs
-Brown Sugar
- Injections
-marijuana
- Others
3. Substance abuse by minors is more common in rural areas than urban areas.
-Agree
-Disagree
- Undecided
4. Drug abusing minors are more susceptible to being involved in other crimes.
-Agree
-Disagree
-Undecided
5. Do minors play an active role in the selling of drugs?
-Yes
-No
-Uncertain
6. Illiteracy and poverty act as a catalyst to substance abuse by minors.
-Agree
-Disagree
-Undecided
7. What services do you think rehabilitation centers for minors in Siliguri should offer?
(Select all that apply)
a. Counseling and therapy
b. medical detoxification
c. Education and vocational training
d. Family therapy and support
e. Recreational activities

8. What age group of minors in Siliguri are most vulnerable to drug abuse?
a) 10-14 years
b) 15-17 years
c) 18-21 years

9. Are minors in Siliguri more likely to experiment with drugs due to peer pressure or
personal curiosity?
a) Peer pressure
b) Personal curiosity
c) Both equally

54
 d) Neither

10. Have you noticed any trends or changes in the patterns of drug abuse among minors in
Siliguri over the past few years?
a) Yes
b) No

ANNEXURE-B
PHOTOGRAPHS

55
 ANNEXURE-C
REPORT FROM REHABILITATION CENTER
SERIAL GEN AG PLACE OF EDUCATIONAL PERIOD DRUGS
NUMBER DER E BIRTH BACKGROUND OF STAY USED
Brown
1
M 18 Siliguri Drop-out 4 Monts Sugar
Brown
2
M 18 Darjeeling Drop-out 3 months Sugar
Lupi
3 (injection
M 17 Darjeeling In School 3 months )
Brown
4
M 17 Darjeeling In School 3 Months Sugar
Brown
5
M 17 Siliguri In School 3 Months Sugar
Brown
6
M 16 Darjeeling In School 2 Months Sugar
Lupi
7 (injection
M 18 Siliguri Drop-out 3Months )
Brown
8
M 17 Siliguri Drop-out 2 months Sugar
Brown
9
M 18 Kalimpong In School 2 Months Sugar
Brown
10
M 17 Kalimpong In School 2 Months Sugar

56