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    Gen CC12 02

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    of 10

    VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY HO CHI MINH CITY

    HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

    ASIGNMENT OF GENERAL CHEMISTRY


    Lecturer: Lê Minh Viễn
    Class: CC12 | Group 2
    Nguyễn Duy Bảo 2152023
    Trần Khanh Danh 2052906
    Hà Tuấn Hàn 2113278
    Chu Minh Hạnh 2152546
    Lại Trần Minh Hiệp 2153351

    1
    CONTENTS

    Chapter 2
    Chemical periodicity 3

    Chapter 4
    Chemical Thermodynamics 6

    Chapter 5
    Chemical Equilibrium

    Chapter 7
    Properties of Solutions

    2
    Chapter 2
    Chemical periodicity
    QUESTION 1: Which element in the following electron configurations would you
    expect to have the highest IE2?
    A. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1 (Na)
    B. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 (Mg)
    C. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1 (Al)
    D. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5 (Cl)

    Explain: Na (IE1) Na+ + e-

    Na+ (IE2) Na2+ + e-

    The second ionization energy of Na removes an electron from the core shell with a
    noble gas

    QUESTION 2: Of the following species, __________ has the largest radius.

    A. 37Rb
    B. 38Sr2
    C. 35Br
    D. 36Kr
    Explain: r (A+) < r (A) < r (A-)

    QUESTION 3: The atomic radius of main-group elements generally increases down a


    group because __________.

    A. Effective nuclear charge increases down a group


    B. Effective nuclear charge decreases down a group
    C. Effective nuclear charge zigzags down a group
    D. The principal quantum number of the valence orbitals increases

    3
    QUESTION 4: Of the following, which gives the correct order for atomic radius for
    12Mg, 11Na, 15P, 14Si and 18Ar?

    A. Mg > Na > P > Si > Ar


    B. Ar > Si > P > Na > Mg
    C. Si > P > Ar > Na > Mg
    D. Na > Mg > Si > P > Ar

    QUESTION 5: In general, as you go across a period in the periodic table from left to
    right: (1) the atomic radius __________; (2) the electron affinity becomes __________
    negative; and (3) the first ionization energy __________.

    A. Decreases, increasingly, increases


    B. Decreases, increasingly, decreases
    C. Increases, increasingly, decreases
    D. Decreases, decreasingly, increases

    QUESTION 6: Which isoelectronic series is correctly arranged in order of increasing


    radius? 19K, 20Ca, 17Cl, 18Ar

    A. K+ < Ca2+ < Ar < Cl-


    B. Cl- < Ar < K+ < Ca2+
    C. Ca2+ < Ar < K+ < Cl-
    D. Ca2+ < K+ < Ar < Cl-

    QUESTION 7: Of the following elements, which has the lowest second ionization
    energy?

    A. 19K
    B. 38Sr
    C. 13Al
    D. 17Cl

    4
    Explain: Sr (IE1) Sr+ + e-

    Sr+ (IE2) Sr2+ + e-

    Stronti has to lose one more electron in order to attain a noble gas.

    QUESTION 8: Arrange the following elements in order of increasing values of electron


    affinity, that is, from most negative to least negative. 19K, 35Br, 55Cs, 17Cl

    A. Br< Cl< K<Cs


    B. Cl< Br< K<Cs
    C. K< Cs< Cl<Br
    D. Cs< K< Br<Cl

    QUESTION 9: Write the full electron configuration of the Period 3 element with the
    following successive IEs (in kJ/mol):

    IE1 = 738, IE2 = 1450, IE3 = 7732, IE4 = 10,539, IE5 = 13,628

    A. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1 (Na)


    B. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 (Mg)
    C. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1 (Al)
    D. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5 (Cl)

    Explain: Mg(g) IE1 Mg+(g) + e-

    Mg+(g) IE2 Mg2+(g) + e-

    Mg2+(g) IE3 Mg3+(g) + e-

     IE1 < IE2 << IE3

    QUESTION 10: Write the full electron configuration of the Period 2 element with the
    following successive IEs (in kJ/mol):

    IE1 = 801, IE2 = 2427, IE3 = 3659, IE4 = 25,022, IE5 = 32,822

    5
    A. 1s22s1
    B. 1s22s2
    C. 1s22s22p1
    D. 1s22s22p2

    Explain: IE1 < IE2 < IE3 << IE4, So the element is in group IIIA and it is also in Period
    2  B5

    Chapter 4
    Chemical Thermodynamics
    Question 1: A key step in the production of sulfuric acid is the oxidation of SO2(g) to
    SO3(g):
    2SO2(g) + O2(g)  2SO3(g)
    At 298 K, ∆ G=−14.6 kJ ; ∆ H=−198.4 kJ ; ∆ S=−187.9 J / K .
    Assuming that ∆ H and ∆ S are constant with T, what is the value of T so that the reaction
    is spontaneous?
    A. T > 2650C
    B. T < 7830C
    C. T < 9500C
    D. T > 5000C
    Explain: When ∆ G < 0, the reaction is spontaneous, then ∆ G = ∆ H - T∆ S < 0
    -198.4 kJ – [(-187.9 J/K)(T+273 K)(1 kJ/1000 J)] < 0  T < 7830C
    Question 2: Which of these processes are nonspontaneous:
    A. methane burning in air
    B. a teaspoonful of sugar dissolving in a cup of hot coffee
    C. a soft-boiled egg becoming raw
    D. water evaporating from a puddle in summer
    Question 3: Predict which substance has greatest molar entropy:
    A. Cgraphite(s)
    B. H2O(l)
    C. O3(g)
    6
    D. O2(g)
    Explain: More complex molecules generally have larger entropy, solid < liquid < gases

    Question 4: Which one of the following processes produces a decrease of the entropy of
    the system?
    A. dissolving sodium chloride in water
    B. sublimation of naphthalene
    C. dissolving oxygen in water
    D. boiling of alcohol
    Question 5: When aluminum metal is exposed to atmospheric oxygen (as in aluminum
    doors and windows), it is oxidized to form aluminum oxide. How much heat is released
    by the complete oxidation of 24.2 grams of aluminum at 25°C and 1 atm? The
    thermochemical equation is
    kJ
    4Al(s) + 3O2(g)  2Al2O3(s) ∆ H =−3352
    mol
    rxn

    A. -751
    B. -10056
    C. 751
    D. -13408
    Explain: For 24.2g Al,
    1mol Al 1mol rxn −3352 kJ
    ∆ H rxn = 24.2 x 27 g Al x 4 mol Al x 1 mol = -751 kJ

    So, 751 kJ of heat is released to the surroundings during the oxidation


    Question 6: Use the thermochemical equations shown here to determine ∆ H 0rxn at 25°C
    for the following reaction.

    7
    A. 74.8 kJ
    B. -74.8 kJ
    C. 149.6 kJ
    D. -149.6 kJ
    Explain:

    Question 7: Use the thermodynamic data in Appendix K to estimate the normal boiling
    point of bromine, Br2. Assume that ∆ H and ∆ S do not change with temperature

    A. 2700K
    B. 2000K
    C. 590K
    D. 3320K
    Explain:
    8
    ∆ H rxn = ∆ H 0f Br2(g) - ∆ H 0f Br2(l) = 30.91 kJ/mol
    ∆ S rxn = ∆ S 0 Br2(g) - ∆ S0 Br2(l) = 245.4 – 152.2 = 93.2 J/mol.K
    We can now solve for the temperature at which the system is in equilibrium, that is, the
    boiling point of Br2.
    ∆ H rxn 30.91kJ /mol
    ∆ G rxn = ∆ H rxn - T∆ S rxn = 0, so T = ∆ S rxn = 93.2 J /mol . K = 3320K

    Question 8: Methanol, CH3OH, is an efficient fuel with a high octane rating that can be

    produced from coal and hydrogen. What mass of O2 is consumed when 945 kJ of heat is
    given out?
    A. 59.3 g
    B. 40.3 g
    C. 17.9 g
    D. 25.4 g
    1.5 mol O2 945 kJ rxn
    Explain: mO2 = 32g x 1 mol rxn
    x 764 kJ rxn
    = 59.3 g

    Question 9: What is ∆ H for the reaction, if 35.7 kJ must be supplied to convert 74.6 g
    lead(II) oxide to lead?
    PbO(s) + C(s)  Pb(s) + CO(g)
    A. 54.09 kJ
    B. 35.343 kJ
    C. 11.781 kJ
    D. 108.18 kJ
    74.6 g
    1 mol rxn
    Explain: nPbO = 207+16(
    g
    )
    = 0.33 mol, then ∆ H = 0.33 mol PbO x 35.7 kJ/mol = 108.18
    mol
    kJ/mol
    Question 10: Entropy is positive for the reaction
    A. Ag (aq) + Cl (aq)  AgCl(s)
    B. CO (s)  CO (g)
    C. CaO(s) + CO (g)  CaCO (s)
    9
    D. 2NO (g)  N O (g)

    10

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