TJC_JC2_H2_Maths_2012_Prelim_Paper_2_Solutions TJC_JC2_H2_Maths_2012_Prelim_Paper_2_Solutions

Section A: Pure Mathematics [40 marks] (iii) At P, x = 2 3

1 A curve C is defined by the parametric equations ∴ 2 3 cos θ + 3 = 2 3

( )
x = 2 3 cos θ + 3 and y = 2 3 + 1 sin θ , where 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π. 1
⇒ cos θ = ∴θ =
π
2 3
dy
(i) Find in terms of θ . [2] When x = 3 3,
dx
2
 x− 3  y 
2

(ii) Show that the Cartesian equation of the curve C is   +   = 1 . Hence 2 3 cos θ + 3 = 3 3
 2 3   2 3 +1 
or otherwise, sketch the curve of C, indicating clearly the x-intercepts in exact form. [3] ⇒ cos θ = 1, ∴θ = 0
 3
(iii) The point P  2 3, 3 +  lies on curve C. The region R is bounded by the curve C for
 2 
x ≥ 3 , the x-axis and the line segment joining the points P and ( )
3,0 .
Area of R = area of ∆ +
3 3

∫ y dx
π 2 3
3
3
Show that the area of R is
4
( ) (
2 3 +1 + 2 6 + 3 ) ∫ sin θ dθ .
0
2
[4]
=
1 
( 3 )  23 ( 2 )
 0
( ) ( )
3 + 1  + ∫ 2 3 + 1 sin θ −2 3 sin θ dθ
2   π
[Solution] 3

dx dy
(i)
dθ
= −2 3 sin θ and
dθ
(
= 2 3 + 1 cos θ )
π

( )
3
3
dy
=
2 3 + 1 cos θ 
= − 1 +
1 
 cot θ
∴ Area of R =
4
( ) (
2 3 +1 + 2 6 + 3 ) ∫ sin θ dθ2

dx −2 3 sin θ  2 3 0

x− 3
(ii) x = 2 3 cos θ + 3 ⇒ cos θ =
2 3
y y
( )
y = 2 3 + 1 sin θ ⇒ sin θ =
2 3 +1

So sin 2 θ + cos 2 θ = 1
2
 x− 3  y 
2

⇒  +   =1

 2 3   2 3 +1 

− 3 3 3 3 x

x= 3

1 2
TJC_JC2_H2_Maths_2012_Prelim_Paper_2_Solutions TJC_JC2_H2_Maths_2012_Prelim_Paper_2_Solutions

2
(iii) Method 1A: Using given graph
Step 1:
1
Consider xn +1 − xn = e xn − xn
4
1 xn  1 2 xn 
= e  − xn 
2 2 e 

Step 2:
2 xn 1 2x
2x If xn < α, < [as seen in given graph y = ]
The diagram above shows the curve of y = . Two points A and B on the curve have e xn 2 ex
ex 1 xn  1 2 xn 
⇒ e  − x >0 [∵ e xn > 0 for all xn ∈  ]
coordinates (α, 1 ) and (β, 1 ) respectively. 2 2 e n 
2 2
⇒ xn+1 − xn > 0
A sequence of real numbers x1 , x2 , x3 ,... satisfies the recurrence relation ⇒ xn+1 > xn (shown)
xn +1 = 1 e xn for n ≥ 1.
4 Method 1B: Using given graph
2 xn 1 2x
(i) Show algebraically that if the sequence converges, then it converges to either α or β. [3] If xn < α, < [as seen in given graph y = ]
e xn 2 ex
(ii) Show that xn +1 < α if xn < α . [2] 1
⇒ xn < e xn
4
(iii) Show that xn +1 > xn if xn < α . [2]
⇒ xn < xn+1
(iv) Explain briefly how the results in (ii) and (iii) may be used to deduce that the sequence ⇒ xn+1 > xn (shown)
converges to α when x1 = 0 . [2]
Method 2: Sketching you own graph
[Solution] Step 1:
1
(i) If the sequence converges to, say l, Consider xn +1 − xn = e xn − xn ,
4
then xn → l and xn +1 → l as n → ∞. Step 2:
1 1
i.e. xn +1 = 1 e xn ⇒ l = el --- (A) Sketch the graph of y = e x − x .
4 4 4
2l 1 (We usually use a GC to sketch this graph)
⇒ l =
e 2
⇒ l = α or β from the diagram.

(ii) If xn < α ,
e xn < eα since ex is an increasing function.
⇒ 1e n < 1e
x α
4 4
1 α
⇒ xn +1 < e
4 1 x 2x 1
[ Note: The x-intercepts satisfy e = x ⇒ x = ⇒ x =α or β ]
⇒ xn +1 < α [using eqn (A) in (i)] 4 e 2

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TJC_JC2_H2_Maths_2012_Prelim_Paper_2_Solutions TJC_JC2_H2_Maths_2012_Prelim_Paper_2_Solutions

Hence, 3 The function f is defined by

1 xn 1 x 1
if xn < α , e − xn > 0 [as seen in the graph y = e −x] f : x  x + , x ∈ , x ≠ 0
4 4 x
⇒ xn+1 − xn > 0 (i) Sketch the graph of y = f ( x ) , showing clearly the coordinates of the stationary points
⇒ xn+1 > xn (shown) and the equations of asymptotes, if any. [2]
(ii) Given that g ( x ) = f ( x − b ) + 2 where b > 2 , state a sequence of transformations which
(iv) When x1 = 0 < α , x1 < x2 < α using results in (ii) and (iii) transforms y = f ( x ) to y = g ( x ) . [2]
When x2 < α , x2 < x3 < α using results in (ii) and (iii)
Sketch the graph of y = g ( x ) , showing clearly the coordinates of the stationary points
Hence x1 < x2 < x3 < ... < xn < xn +1 < ... < α
and the equations of asymptotes in terms of b, if any. [2]
So the sequence is strictly increasing and converges to α . On a separate diagram, sketch y = g '( x) and solve in terms of b, the inequality

g '( x ) < ( x − b + 1)( b + 1 − x ) . [5]

[Solution]
1
(i) y = f ( x) = x +
x
1 x2 −1
At stationary points, f '( x) = 1 − = 2 = 0 ∴ x = ±1
x2 x
For x = 1, y = 2 and x = −1, y = −2
[Students are allowed to sketch graph using GC, however they have to indicate clearly
the coordinates of stationary points and the equations of asymptotes. The details are
necessary for next part of the question involving transformations]
y

y = f ( x)

(1, 2)

x Coordinates of turning points

Shape and equations of asymptotes

(−1, 2)

y=x
5 x=0 6
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4 (i) Find the roots of the equation z 3 + 8i = 0 , giving them in cartesian form a + ib, where a
(ii) The sequence of transformations is and b are exact real numbers. [3]
3
(1) Translate graph +b units along x-axis followed by (ii) The roots of the equation (z − )
3 − 2i + 8i = 0 are z1 , z2 and z3 such that
(2) Translate graph by +2 units along y-axis
Re ( z1 ) < Re ( z2 ) < Re ( z3 ) . Hence find z1 , z2 and z3 in cartesian form a + ib, where a
y and b are exact real numbers. [2]
(iii) Show z1 , z2 and z3 on an Argand diagram. [1]

y = g ( x) (iv) Explain why the locus of all points z such that z − z2 = z − z3 passes through the point

representing z1 . Sketch this locus on your Argand diagram and find the minimum value

Asymptotes: y = x − b + 2 ; x = b of z . [5]
(b+1,4)

Turning points: ( b − 1, 0 ) and ( b + 1, 4 )

[Solution]

(b−1,0) (i) z 3 = −8i

x
π  π 
−i i  − + 2 kπ 
 2 
= 8e 2
= 8e k = 0, ±1
y = x −b + 2
 π 2 kπ   4 k −1 
i − +  i π
x=b
z = 2e  6 3 
or z = 2e  6 

 π  3π   5π 
y i −  i  i − 
∴ z = 2e  6
, 2e  6  , 2e  6 

= 3 − i, 2i, − 3 − i

y = g'(x) 3

x
(ii) (z − )
3 − 2i + 8i = 0
b−1 b b+1 3
(z − 3 − 2i ) = −8i

⇒ z − 3 − 2i = 3 − i , 2i , − 3 − i

⇒ z = 2 3 + i , 3 + 4i , i
y = (x −b+1) (b+1−x) So z1 = i, z2 = 3 + 4i, z3 = 2 3 + i
From sketch,

solution is b − 1 < x < b + 1, x ≠ b

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(iii) Method 2
min z = OP = z1 cos ∠α

π
where ∠α = − ∠POQ
2
∠POQ = ∠z2 z3 z1

3
then tan ∠POQ = tan ∠z2 z3 z1 =
3
π π π π
⇒ ∠POQ = ∴∠α = − =
3 2 3 6

z − z 2 = z − z3

π 3
Therefore, min z = OP = z1 cos ∠α = cos =
6 2

(iv) Now | z1 − z2 | = | − 3 − 3i | = 2 3

And | z1 − z3 | = | −2 3 | = 2 3

Since | z1 − z2 | = | z1 − z3 | , z1 lies on the locus.

Method 1
2π
∠α =
3
π − ∠α π
∴∠β = = z − z2 = z − z3
2 6
π π π
Hence ∠γ = − =
2 6 3
3
OP = z1 sin ∠γ =
2

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Section B: Statistics [60 marks] 6 Eighteen numbers are arranged in three groups of six as follows:
5 2 men and 5 women go to a restaurant. They choose an outdoor round table with 7 seats for Group A: 0, 2, 2, 2, 2, 9
their meal. Find the number of ways the group can be seated if Group B: 3, 3, 3, 7, 7, 16
(i) the two men are not seated next to each other. [2] Group C: 1, 1, 1, 1, 6, 6
(ii) one of the women, Mary, is to be seated between the two men. [2] One number is drawn at random from each group. Let a, b and c denote the number drawn
from groups A, B and C respectively.
Before their orders arrive, they request to shift to a table in the 'non-smoking' section of the
restaurant. They are then given a round table with 10 seats. Event X is defined as "b is greater than the sum of a and c".
Find the number of ways they can be seated if Event Y is defined as "b is greater than both a and c".
(iii) the empty seats are adjacent to each other. [2] 23
(i) Show that P( X ) = . [3]
(iv) none of the empty seats are adjacent to each other and there must be more than 1 person 54
between any two empty seats. [2] (ii) Find P( X | Y ) . [4]

[Solution] A game is played with a biased coin where the probability of getting a Head is p . A player
(i) Number of ways = 6!− ( 5!) 2 = 480 or ( 5 − 1)!× 5
P2 = 480 first flips a coin. If the coin shows a Head, the player draws a number from Group B and the

(ii) Group Mary and the 2 men as one unit, number of ways = ( 5 − 1) !× 2 = 48 score is the number drawn. If the coin shows a Tail, the player draws a number from Group
A and C each and the score is the sum of the numbers drawn. If the probability of obtaining a
(iii) Group 3 empty seats as one unit, number of ways = ( 8 − 1) != 5040
13
score of 3 is , find the value of p . [2]
(iv) Number of ways = 7! or 7 P3 × 4 P2 × 2 P2 = 7! = 5040 27
[Solution]
 ( b = 3, a = 0, c = 1) 
 
 or ( b = 7, a = 0, c = 1 or 6 ) 
Event X ="b greater than the sum of a and c" =  
 or ( b = 7, a = 2, c = 1) 
or ( b = 16, a = 0, 2 or 9, c = 1 or 6 ) 

3 1 4 2 1 2 4 4 1
(i) P( X ) = × × + × ×1 + × × + [M2 - 2 cases with correct probability]
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
[M1- Sum of mutually exclusive cases or otherwise]
92 23
= =
216 54

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P( X ∩ Y ) P( X ) 7 Two friends, Bob and Patrick, meet up each week at a swimming complex for a 200m
(ii) Now P( X | Y ) = = [M1 for realising X ∩ Y = X]
P(Y ) P(Y ) freestyle friendly match. The time (in seconds, s) taken by Bob to complete a 200m
( b = 3, a = 0 or 2, c = 1)  freestyle swim follows a normal distribution with mean 152 s and standard deviation 2.2 s
 
Since Event Y = "b greater than both a and c" = or ( b = 7, a = 0 or 2, c = 1 or 6 )  while the corresponding time taken by Patrick is also normally distributed with mean 156
 
or ( b = 16, a = 0, 2 or 9, c = 1 or 6 )  s and standard deviation 3.0 s.
(i) Show that the probability of Patrick beating Bob in a 200m freestyle match is 0.141,
3 5 4 2 5 1
⇒ P(Y ) = × × + × ×1 + × 1×1 [M1 for one correct, M2 for all correct]
6 6 6 6 6 6 correct to 3 decimal places. [1]
156 13 (ii) Find the probability that the total time taken by Bob to complete a 200m freestyle swim
= =
216 18 on two different occasions is less than twice the time taken by Patrick to complete a
23 200m freestyle swim on one occasion by less than 5 s. [4]
54 23
∴ P( X | Y ) = = Bob and Patrick maintained their weekly swimming matches for a total of k weeks, where
13 39
18 k ≥ 50 . Use a suitable approximation to find the least value of k such that the probability of
Patrick beating Bob on fewer than four occasions is not larger than 5%. [5]

13 3  4 4  13 [Solution]
P(score = 3) = ⇒ p   + (1 − p )  ×  = (use of Tree Diagram if applicable)
27 6  6 6  27 (i) Let the time taken by Bob to complete a 200m swim be X. X ∼ N (152, 2.22 )
[M1 - Sum of 2 mutually exclusive cases]
Let the time taken by Patrick to complete a 200m swim be Y. Y ∼ N (156, 3.02 )
2
∴p=
3 Y − X ∼ N ( 4, 13.84 )

P(Y − X < 0) = 0.141

(ii) X 1 + X 2 ∼ N ( 304, 9.68 ) and 2Y ∼ N ( 312, 36 )

2Y − ( X 1 + X 2 ) ∼ N ( 8, 45.68 )

P(0 ≤ 2Y − ( X 1 + X 2 ) < 5) = 0.21029 ≈ 0.210

Let T be the number of weekly swims (out of k) where Patrick beats Bob in the 300m
freestyle match. T ∼ B ( k , 0.14114 )

Since n large, np > 5, n(1−p) > 5, T ∼ N ( 0.14114k , 0.12122k )

Given P(T < 4) ≤ 0.05 ⇒ P(T < 3.5) ≤ 0.05 (c.c)

3.5 − 0.14114k 3.5 − 0.14114k
⇒ P( z < ) ≤ 0.05 ⇒ ≤ −1.64485
0.12122k 0.12122k
From GC, k ≥ 55 . Least k is 55.

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(iii) H0 : µ = µ 0
8 An online web survey company wishes to find out the number of hours spent per week, on H1 : µ > µ0
average, by a typical teenager on Facebook. A survey was conducted on a random sample of
X −µ
70 teenagers and the time spent per week, x hours, was recorded and summarized as: Test statistics : Z = ~ N(0,1) approximately by CLT.
s/ n
∑ ( x − 18) = 208, ∑ ( x − 18)
2
= 8967 Level of significance = 5%, Critical value = 1.645
(i) Find, correct to 1 decimal place, the unbiased estimates of the population mean and x − µ0
Under H0 , z cal = .
variance. [2] s/ n
(ii) It is claimed that a typical teenager spends an average of 18 hours a week on Facebook. For H0 not to be rejected at 5% level of significance, zcal < 1.645
Test, at the 5% level of significance, whether the population mean weekly time differs 20.971 − µ0
⇒ < 1.645
from 18 hours. [4] 10.982 / 70
(iii) Another independent online survey company claims that the population mean weekly ⇒ µ0 > 18.812
time spent on Facebook by teenagers actually exceeds µ0, where µ0 is a constant. So the least value of µ0 is 18.9.
Use the earlier sample to determine, correct to 1 decimal place, the least value of µ0 in
order for the new claim not to be valid at 5% level of significance. [4]

[Solution]
(i) Let Y = X − 18 , then ∑ y = 208, ∑ y 2
= 8967 .

208
Then x = 18 + = 20.97 ≈ 21.0 (to 1 d.p) .
70

1  2082 
And s2 =  8967 −  = 120.999 ≈ 121.0 (to 1 d.p)
69  70 

(ii) H0 : µ = 18

H1 : µ ≠ 18
Level of significance = 5%
Since n is large ( > 50), σ2 and distribution of x are unknown,
X −µ
Test statistics : Z = ~ N(0,1) approximately by Central Limit Theorem,
s/ n
Under H0 , z cal = 2.26
p – value = 0.0239 < 5%
We reject H0 and conclude that there is sufficient evidence at 5% level of significance to
claim that the average weekly time differs from 18 hours.

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TJC_JC2_H2_Maths_2012_Prelim_Paper_2_Solutions TJC_JC2_H2_Maths_2012_Prelim_Paper_2_Solutions

9 Records show that one in every 6 students who go to the Career Fair for junior college (ii) Let Y be the number of classes (out of 60) having 10 or more students making enquiries
students will stop by the Police Force’s booth to make enquiries. at the Police Force's booth.
A class of 25 students visit the Career Fair. Show that the probability that fewer than 10 Y ∼ B (60, 0.0047426)
students make enquiries at the Police Force’s booth is 0.99526. [2] Since n = 60 large, np = 0.28455 < 5 , Y ∼ P0 (0.28455) approximately
60 classes, each consisting of 25 students, visit the Career Fair.
Required Prob = P(Y = 2) = 0.30459 ≈ 0.305
(i) Find the probability that the average number of students per class who make enquiries at
the Police Force’s booth is neither fewer than 4 nor greater than 6. [3]
Quota sampling.
(ii) Using a suitable approximation, find the probability that 58 classes have fewer than 10
Disadvantage:
students making enquiries at the Police Force’s booth. [4]
[1] Sample may be biased as the interviewers are allowed to select students who are more
To gather students' feedback on the Fair, a member of the Career Fair Committee decides to
approachable to fulfill the quota required.
interview 20 male and 30 female students from the student population.
[2] Sample may not be representative of the student cohort as the male to female ratio may
Name the sampling method used and give one disadvantage of this sampling method. [2]
not be 2:3 as stated in the sample.
[Solution]
[3] Quota Sampling method is not random and as a result the sample may be biased as
interviewers are allowed to select the students in any manner to fulfill the quota.
Let X be the number of students who make enquiries at the Police Force's booth (out of 25).
1
X ∼ B(25, )
6
P ( X < 10) = P ( X ≤ 9) = 0.99526

(i) Method 1
Since n = 60 is large, by Central Limit Theorem,
  1  5  
  1  25  6  6  
X ∼ N  25   ,     approximately.
 6 60 
 
 
 25 125 
i.e. X ∼ N  , 
 6 2160 

( )
P 4 ≤ X ≤ 6 = 0.756 (3s.f.)

Method 2
1
Let T = X 1 + X 2 + ... + X 60 ∼ B(1500, )
6
P (4 ≤ X ≤ 6) = P (240 ≤ T ≤ 360) = P (T ≤ 360) − P (T ≤ 239)
= 0.76541 ≈ 0.765
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10 A study was carried out to investigate possible links between the weights of hens (x kg) and
[Solution]
their eggs (y g). A sample of 15 hens was chosen at random and the weights of these hens
Based on the scatter diagram a linear model is appropriate, the low r value is probably due to
and their eggs were noted. The scatter diagram and the summarized information for the the inclusion of the point at x = 4.
sample are shown below. The linear product moment coefficient was also computed and
found to be 0.200.

By referring to the scatter diagram and the given value of the linear product moment (i) After removing the point (4, 16), we have

∑x ∑x ∑y ∑y ∑ xy
2 2
correlation coefficient, comment on the appropriateness of a linear model. [1] n

14 29.9 69.99 674 34176 1527.2

( 29.9)(674)
1527.2 −
rx,y = 14
 ( 29.9)2   (674)2 
 69.99 −   34176 − 
 14   14 

= 0.852 (3sf)

( 29.9)(674)
1527.2 −
(ii) x = 2.1357 , y = 48.1429 , b = 14 =14.306,
∑x ∑x ∑y ∑y ∑ xy
2 2
n ( 29.9)2
69.99 −
14
15 33.9 85.99 690 34432 1591.2

One of the points, (4, 16), was identified as an outlier and removed. Regression line of y on x: y − 48.1429 = 14.306 ( x − 2.1357)
⇒ y = 14.306x + 17.589
(i) For the remaining sample of size 14, recalculate the values in the table above and
determine the value of the linear product moment correlation coefficient. Show your If x = 2.5, y ≈ 14.306(2.5) + 17.589 = 53.4
workings clearly. [4] So the corresponding egg weight is 53.4g.
(ii) Use a suitable regression line to estimate the weight of an egg laid by a hen weighing 2.5
kg. [5]
(iii) Comment on the reliability of your answer. [2] (iii) Since rx,y = 0.8523, there is a strong positive correlation between x and y. Furthermore,
the x = 2.5 lies within the data range (from 0.8 to roughly 3). Hence it can be concluded
that the estimate is a reliable one.

19 20