M.E.

S INDIAN SCHOOL, DOHA - QATAR

Notes-2 2023- 2024
Section : Boys /Girls Date : 11-05-2023
Class & Div.: IX (All Divisions) Subject: Chemistry

Lesson / Topic: L-1 Matter in our Surroundings

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

1. What is the melting point ?

Ans. The temperature at which the solids melts to become a liquid at the atmospheric pressure is
called its melting point.
Melting point of ice is 0°c.
Melting point of a solid is an indication of the strength of force of attraction between its particles.
2. What is boiling point?
Ans. The temperature at which the liquid boils to become a gas at its atmospheric pressure is
called its boiling point. The boiling point of water is 100 0C.
3. What is fusion ?
Ans. The process of conversion of solid into liquid is known as fusion.
4. What is latent heat of fusion ?
Ans. The amount of heat energy required to change 1 Kg of solid into liquid at atmospheric pressure
at its melting point is known as latent heat of fusion.
5. What is latent heat of vapourisation ?
Ans. The amount of heat energy required to change 1 Kg of liquid into gas at its boiling point at
atmospheric pressure is called latent heat of vapourisation.
6. What is sublimation ?
Ans. The process of changing solid into gas without changing into liquid state is known as
sublimation.
Eg:- Camphor, Naphthalene, Ammonium chloride.
7. Draw the interconversion of 3 states of matter.

8. Give two ways by which we can liquefy a gas.

Ans. We can liquefy a gas by reducing temperature and increasing pressure.
9. Why is ice at 0° celsius (273 Kelvin) more effective in cooling than water at the same
temperature ?
Ans. Ice at 273 K will absorb heat energy or latent heat from the medium to convert it into water.
But water does not absorb this extra heat from the medium. So cooling effect of ice is more that
cooling of water at the same temperature.
F 061, Rev 01, dtd 10th March 2020
 10. What produces more severe burns, boiling water or steam?
Ans. Steam has more energy than boiling water. It possesses the additional latent heat of
vapourisation. So when steam falls on the skin, it gives more heat than boiling water at the same
temperature. So burns are more severe in case of steam.
11. What is temperature ?State the S.I. unit of temperature.
Ans. It is the measure of degree of hotness. S.I. unit of temperature is Kelvin.
12. Convert the following temperature to Celsius scale.
a) 300 K b) 573 K c) 293 K d) 470 K
Ans. a) 300 K= 300 - 273 = 27°C
b) 573 K = 573 – 273 = 300 0 C
c) 293 K = 293 – 273= 20°C
d) 470 K = 470 – 273 = 197°C
13. Convert the following temperature to kelvin scale.
a) 25°C b) 373°C c) 250 0 C d)100 o C
Ans. a) 25°C= 25+273= 298 K
b) 373°C= 373+273 = 646K
c) 250 0 C=250+273=523 K
d)100 o C=100 +273= 373K
14. What is the physical state of water at:
a) 250 0 C = Gas
b) 25 0 C = Liquid
c) 0 0 C = Both solid and liquid will co -exist
d) 100 O C =Both liquid and gas will co-exist
15. For any substance, why does the temperature remain constant during the change of state?
Ans. It is due to latent heat.The heat supplied is used up to change the state of that substance by
overcoming the force of attraction between the particles. Hence,the temperature remains
constant.
16. Give reason for the following observation.
a) Naphthalene balls disappear with time without leaving any solid.
Ans. Naphthalene has tendency to sublime(changes directly to gaseous state).Therefore the size of
naphthalene balls slowly decrease and ultimately they disappear without leaving any residue.
b)We get the smell of perfume sitting several meters away.
Ans. We get the smell because they are highly volatile liquid. It diffuses quite fast.
17. Write the difference between evaporation and boiling.
Ans
EVAPORATION BOILING
It takes place at all temperature below It takes place only at boiling point.
the boiling point.
It causes cooling. It does not cause any cooling.

It is a surface phenomenon. It is a bulk phenomenon.

It is a natural phenomenon. It is not a natural phenomenon.

F 061, Rev 01, dtd 10th March 2020

18. Define evaporation. List the factors on which the rate of evaporation depends. Also explain
how it depends on each of them.
Ans. The phenomenon of change of liquid into vapours at any temperature below its boiling point is
called evaporation.
Factors Affecting Evaporation:
1) Surface Area:- Greater the surface area greater is the rate of evaporation.
Eg:- Tea becomes cold faster in a saucer than a cup.
2) Temperature:- Higher the temperature, more will be the rate of
evaporation.
Eg:- Clothes dry faster when kept under the sun.
3) Windspeed:- Higher the windspeed more will be the rate of evaporation.
Eg:- Clothes dry up faster on a windy day.
4) Humidity:- Lesser the humidity more will be the rate of evaporation.
Eg:-Clothes dry up slowly on a rainy day because humidity is high.
19. What is humidity?
Ans . Humidity is the amount of water vapour present in the air.
20. Why does a desert cool better on a hot, dry day?
Ans. It is because on a hot and dry day the temperature is high and humidity is low which enables
better evaporation. High levels of evaporation provides better cooling effect.
21. How does the water kept in an earthen pot become cool during summer?
Ans The earthen pot is full of small pores. The water kept in the earthen pot has a tendency to
evaporates through the pores at a faster rate during summer.The heat required for evaporation is
taken from water inside the pot, thus cooling the water stored inside.
22. Why does our palm feel cold when we put some acetone or petrol or perfume on it?
Ans. When we put some acetone or petrol or perfume on our palm, it evaporates. During
evaporation, particles of the liquid absorb energy from the surface of the palm,making the
surroundings cool. Hence, our palm feels cold when we put some acetone or petrol on it.
23. Why are we able to sip hot tea or milk faster from a saucer rather than a cup?
Ans. We are able to sip tea or milk faster from a saucer because it has large surface area than the
cup. When the surface area is large, the rate of evaporation is faster due to which tea or milk cools
rapidly.
24. What type of clothes should we wear in summer?
OR
Why should we wear cotton clothes in summer?
Ans. We should wear cotton clothes in summer. During summer, we sweat more because of the
mechanism of our body which helps to keep us cool.
During evaporation, the particles at the surface of the liquid gain energy from the body surface and
change into vapour. The heat energy equal to the latent heat of vapourisation is absorbed from the
body leaving the body cool.
Cotton being a good absorber of water helps in absorbing the sweat and exposing it to
the atmosphere for easy evaporation.
25. Why do we see water droplets on the outer surface of a glass containing ice-cold water?
Ans. The water vapour present in the air, on coming in contact with the cold glass of water, loses
energy and gets condensed to liquid state.
26. What is dry ice? How is it stored?
Ans. It is solid CO2.It is stored under high pressure.

F 061, Rev 01, dtd 10th March 2020