CAUSE AND EFFECT OF TEENAGE

PREGNANCY IN THE SENIOR HIGH

SCHOOL STUDENTS OF SIBUGAY
TECHNICAL INSTITUTE INCORPORATED
IN S.Y (2022-2023)

A PRACTICAL RESEARCH PROPOSAL

Presented to the faculty Sibugay Technical Institute Incorporated
Lower Taway, Ipil, Zamboanga Sibugay

In partial Fulfillment
Grade 12 HUMSS

Juvelyn Mundoy

Research Instructor

BY:
Klairfre Batusin

Jean Ordina

Jeromel plotena

Francis Kylle Santiago

Lovely Aldea
Lani Mae Estrera
TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1
 INTRODUCTION………………………………………………
 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY…………………………
 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM (RESEARCH QUESTION)
…………………………………………………….
 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY………………………….
 SCOPE AND DELIMITATION……………………………..
 DEFINITION OF TERMS……………………………………
CHAPTER 2
 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND
GUIDELINES………………………………………………………..
CHAPTER 3
 RESEARCH AND METHODOLOGY…………………………
1. PARTICIPANTS
2. PLACE
3. METHODS
4. COLLECTIONS OF DATA
 INTRODUCTION

With the use of science and industry, engineering, and such helpful chamber of
minds, pregnancy can easily confirm through the help of pregnancy test (PT). Teenage
Pregnancy is one of the most brutal problems in our society. lives have been destroyed through
this social economic problem that strikes our youth of today.

Sibugay technical institute incorporated also known as STII is well known school
for its gorgeous physical appearance and the standards in teaching is a must. STII offers different
courses and they also have junior and senior high school students. Secondary level is the most
fundamental focus of this study, especially the girls, and quantitative research is being applied to
cater this scenario.

Social determinants of health, such as low education and low-income levels of a

teens family, may contribute to high teen birth rates. Those teens who suffer poverty can also be
the main reason why teenage pregnancy ratings rises. Teenage pregnancy is a health issue that
has an effect on all of us. A child having a baby as a teenager is more likely to face critical social
issues like poverty, poor education, risky behaviors that lead to poor health issues, and child
welfare.

According to Department of Health (DOH) early childbearing, or teenage

pregnancy can derail girls. Otherwise, Healthy development into adulthood and have negative
impacts in their education, livelihoods and health.

Teenage pregnancy is a global issue raising concerns for all who are interested in the health
and well-being of young women and their children. It carries major health and social issues with
unique medical and psychosocial consequences for both adolescents and society in general.
 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study aims to know the cause and effect of teenage pregnancy and assessing the
prevalence and factors associated with teenage pregnancy in the senior high school students at
STII.

1. Do you think teenage pregnancy is risky if you are a student?

2. Do teenage pregnancies commonly occur in your community?

3. Do pregnant teenagers suffer stigma and isolation?

4. Is sex permitted before marriage in your culture?

5. Would you agree about sex education?

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The results of the study will benefit and help the following persons:

STUDENTS

The outcome of this study will guide the students for their better future and keeping them
aware about the risk and consequences to be face by being pregnant.
SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORS AND TEACHERS
The findings of this study would help the school to boost the capacity of school and to
guide students for them to be well educated in terms of teenage pregnancy and how to prevent
having this problem.
PARENTS
The result of this study will give good feedback to parents that guide their children well in
terms of bad things and for them to enhance more about their knowledge when it comes to
pregnancy.
 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

The framework of the study is being presented in schematic diagram as shown below.

DEPENDENT VARIABLE

ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AND EDUCATIONAL

JOURNEY OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS.

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE

TEENAGE PREGNANCY
 SCOPE AND DELIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

The study focused in the Cause and effect of the teenage pregnancy in the senior high
school students of Sibugay Technical Institute Incorporated (STII) specifically the HUMSS
strand at lower Taway, Ipil, Zamboanga Sibugay.

Subject Delimitation.

This study will be delimited to the 30 senior high school students of HUMSS strand that
will be given survey questionnaire to answer.

Place Delimitation.

This study will be conducted at Sibugay Technical Institute Incorporated (STII) Lower
Taway, ipil, Zamboanga Sibugay.

Time Delimitation.

The time frame of the study will be on second semester of the school year 2022-2023.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

For a clearer understanding of the terms used in the study the following terms are
operationally defined.

PREGNANCY TEST/PT- this thing is more likely to be use if you have guts that you are
pregnant and also this scientific thing is a tool to confirm pregnancy.

TEENAGER- relating to people who are between 13 and 19 years old.

SAFE SEX- sexual activity and especially sexual intercourse in which various measures are
taken to avoid disease transmitted by sexual contact.

SEX EDUCATION- this refers to an education where students are thought about the safe sex
and the health and safety pre-cautions of being sexually educated.
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Presents and factual information that both local and foreign studies can capture the
related literature and can help figure out more data about this study.

Teenagers in majority have not finished their high school, unmarried, not worked and
not financially defendant on their parent. The emotional development of an teenagers is not yet
stable, making it hard for them to become a young mother. ( Arisukwo O. ; Osueke NO, 2019)
Teenage pregnancy is a global problem and is considered a high-risk group, in spite of
conflicting evidence. Our objective was to compare obstetric outcomes of pregnancy in teenagers
and older women. This was a retrospective study of case records of pregnancies from late 2000’s.
Girls aged ≤19 years were compared with pregnancy outcomes in older women (19–35 years) in
the same hospital. (SH Mahavarkar, CK madhu,2008) . Teenage pregnancy was associated with a
significantly higher risk of PIH, PET, eclampsia, premature onset of labor, fetal deaths and
premature delivery. Increased neonatal morbidity and mortality were also seen in babies
delivered to teenage mothers. Younger teenager group (less than 17 years) was most vulnerable
to adverse obstetric and neonatal outcomes. (Kumar, A., Singh, T., Basu,S. et al.,2007) Several
studies have found that teenage pregnancy is associated with adverse outcomes for both mother
and baby. These include low birthweight, prematurity, increased perinatal and infant mortality
and poorer long-term cognitive development and educational achievement for both mother and
child. However, studies which have aimed to address the underlying causes of these adverse
outcomes ,These contradictory findings probably reflect the small size of some studies, residual
confounding, and the difficulty of separating effects that may be related to maternal age from
effects that are appropriately regarded as confounding. For example, poor parenting skills may
reflect the ignorance of young age but may also occur at any age among women who have
restricted access to information and education. Larger studies and those employing methods
specifically designed to adequately control for confounding factors (for example using sibling
comparisons) suggest that young age is not an important determinant of pregnancy outcome or of
the future health of the mother. (G Dangal, Gynecol Obstet,2017; C Bonell,2018).

These young females have not yet reached adulthood and the causes of teenage
pregnancy vary greatly. Teenage pregnancy may be linked to things such as lack of education
and information about reproduction, peer pressure and early engagement of sexual activity.
(Taylor Riley,2020; N Rohmah, A Yusuff,2016). According to them social determinants of
health, such as low education and low-income levels of a teens family, may contribute to high
teen birth rates. Those teens who suffer poverty can also be the main reason why teenage
pregnancy ratings rises. Teenage pregnancy is a health issue that has an effect on all of us. A
child having a baby as a teenager is more likely to face critical social issues like poverty, poor
education, risky behaviors that lead to poor health issues, and child welfare. Teenage
pregnancy increases when girls are denied the right to make decisions about their sexual and
reproductive health and well-being.

METHODS AND PROCEDURES

Research Method- This study used a descriptive survey method of research using a survey
questionnaire to determine the opinions of the students about sex education.

Research Setting- This study was conducted in Sibugay Technical Institute Incorporated, Lower
Taway , Ipil, Zamboanga Sibugay.

Research Instrument- This study uses Survey method as an instrument, which include the open-
ended questionnaire to have an enough reliable and factual data to be used.

RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY

The respondents of this study were the thirty (30) senior high school students ,to be
specific the HUMSS strand of Sibugay Technical Institute Incorporated for the school year 2022-
2023 consisted of fifteen (15) females and fifteen (15) males.

RESPONDENTS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

FEMALE 15 50%
MALE 15 50%
 TOTAL 30 100%
Data Gathered

The researchers distributed the research instruments to the students and after collecting it.
They are going to tallied and analyze the data.

STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF DATA

When all data was being gathered and tabulated, the following statistical tools was
employed:

1. Weighted Mean- It is used to determined the cause and effect of teenage pregnancy in
the senior high school students especially the HUMSS strand of Sibugay Technical
Institute Incorporated.

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents the data gathered through tables, analysis and presentation,
analysis and interpretation are ordered according to the problem raised in the statement of the
problem.

The first question was, “do you think teenage pregnancy is risky if you are a
student”?

TABLE.1 Data about the level of risk in teenage pregnancy for us students.

VARIABLES WEIGHTED MEAN LEVEL OF THE RISK

HUMSS STAND 5.0 VERY HIGH
STUDENTS

As an indicated in table 1, it was revealed that weighted mean on the level of risk in
teenage pregnancy for us students in senior high school especially the HUMSS strand in Sibugay
Technical Institute Incorporated was 5.0, which is very high description.