The document discusses results from surveys and statistical analyses investigating relationships between different variables. It provides tables of observed and expected frequencies from chi-square tests of independence between types of families and travel packages, age and job stress levels, level of support for social welfare reform and age, gender and department of study, gender and stress levels, and gender and opinion on marrying someone with debt. It asks questions about calculating values from the tables and drawing conclusions from the results.
The document discusses results from surveys and statistical analyses investigating relationships between different variables. It provides tables of observed and expected frequencies from chi-square tests of independence between types of families and travel packages, age and job stress levels, level of support for social welfare reform and age, gender and department of study, gender and stress levels, and gender and opinion on marrying someone with debt. It asks questions about calculating values from the tables and drawing conclusions from the results.
The document discusses results from surveys and statistical analyses investigating relationships between different variables. It provides tables of observed and expected frequencies from chi-square tests of independence between types of families and travel packages, age and job stress levels, level of support for social welfare reform and age, gender and department of study, gender and stress levels, and gender and opinion on marrying someone with debt. It asks questions about calculating values from the tables and drawing conclusions from the results.
The document discusses results from surveys and statistical analyses investigating relationships between different variables. It provides tables of observed and expected frequencies from chi-square tests of independence between types of families and travel packages, age and job stress levels, level of support for social welfare reform and age, gender and department of study, gender and stress levels, and gender and opinion on marrying someone with debt. It asks questions about calculating values from the tables and drawing conclusions from the results.
4. a) A statistician is interested tpo investigate whether the
travel packages offered by Leena’s Travel Agency dependent on the types of family. The data had been analyzed by using SPSS:
Table 3: Types of family * Travel Packages Crosstabulation
Travel Packages Total Basic Premium Plus Types of family Count 131 98 139 368 Single Expected Count 128.1 104.5 135.4 368.0 Count 135 119 142 396 Nuclear Expected Count 137.9 112.5 A 396.0 Count 266 217 281 764 Total Expected Count 266.0 217.0 281.0 764.0
Table 4:Chi-Square Tests
Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) Pearson Chi-Square B 2 .577 Likelihood Ratio 1.101 2 .577 Linear-by-Linear Association 0.004 1 .947 N of Valid Cases 764
i. Calculate A and B. ii. State the appropriate hypotheses to test whether travel packages dependent on the types of family. iii. Based on the p-value, what can you conclude about the claim? Use α = 0.05. 4. c) Determine whether each statement is TRUE or FALSE. i. A chi-square test of independence is always a two- tailed test. ii. In a test of hypothesis, the Type I error occurs when a true null hypothesis is rejected. JUNE 2014
4. a) The manager of CBC Sdn Bhd wishes to determine whether
age of the employees related to their level of job stress. The results are shown below.
Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) Pearson Chi-Square X 2 .077 Likelihood Ratio 5.087 2 .079 N of Valid Cases 344
i. Calculate the value of X.
ii. State the null and alternative hypotheses. iii. At 1% significance level, what can you conclude about the relationship between the age of the employees and their degree of job stress? DECEMBER 2014
4. a) A survey is conducted to investigate whether the level
of support for social welfare reform varies according to age. Respondents are grouped according to whether they are aged ‘under 45’ or ’45 and over’ years old. The computer output of data collected is given below.
Table 7: Level of support * Age group Crosstabulation
Age group under 45 and Total 45 over Level of strongly Count 134 A 281 support support Expected Count 136.4 144.6 moderately Count 62 77 139 support Expected Count B 71.5 Count 89 78 167 not support Expected Count 81.1 85.9 Count 285 302 587 Total Expected Count 285.0 302.0
Table 8:Chi-Square Tests
Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) Pearson Chi-Square 2.454a C .293 Likelihood Ratio 5.087 2 .293 Linear-by-linear Association 1.005 1 .316 N of Valid Cases 587
i. Calculate the values of A, B and C.
ii. Give the appropriate hypotheses to test whether the level of support for social welfare reform varies according to age. iii. Based on the p-value, can we conclude that the level support for social welfare reform varies according to age? Use α = 0.05. JUNE 2015
4. a) The below table shows the number of students in the 3
departments i.e. Chemistry, French and Mechanical Engineering, at one leading university in Malaysia.
department Valid Cumulative Frequency Percent Percent Percent Valid Chemistry 31 31.0 31.0 31.0 French 32 32.0 32.0 63.0 Mech. Eng. 37 37.0 37.0 100.00 Total 100 100.0 100.0
The cross-tabulation below presents the relationship
between the gender of the students and the department of their studies.
Sex * department Crosstabulation
Department Total Chemistry French Mech. Eng. Sex Count 19 16 15 50 Female Expected Count 15.5 16.0 18.5 50.0 Count 12 16 22 50 Male Expected Count 15.5 16.0 18.5 50.0 Count 31 32 37 100 Total Expected Count 31.0 32.0 37.0 100.0
Table 4:Chi-Square Tests
Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) Pearson Chi-Square B 2 .577 Likelihood Ratio 1.101 2 .577 Linear-by-Linear Association 0.004 1 .947 N of Valid Cases 764
Based on the above tables, answer the following
questions.
i. State the total number of students in the 3
departments. ii. How many students are from the French department? iii. How many female students from the Chemistry department? Hence show the expected frequency for the group is 15.5. iv. Referring to the cross-tabulation table, determine whether there is any association between the gender of the students and the department of their studies at 5% significance level.
DECEMBER 2015
4. A survey was conducted to investigate the level of stress
among students. The respondents are grouped according to gender (male, female). The computer output is given in the table below:
Gender * Level of Stress Crosstabulation
Level of Stress Total Chemistry French Mech. Eng. Count 15 9 5 29 Female Expected Count 12.5 a 5.5 29.0 Gender Count b 21 10 50 Male Expected Count 21.5 19.0 9.5 50.0 Count 34 30 15 79 Total Expected Count 34.0 30.0 15.0 79.0
a) State the total number of students involved in this
survey. b) How many female students are having severe stress? c) Calculate the values of a and b. e) At 5% significance level, determine whether the level of stress is related to gender. JUNE 2016
4. Many students who graduated from universities are deeply in
debt from students’ loans, credit card debits and so on. A sociologist took a random sample of graduates who were still single, classified them by gender, and asked, “would you consider marrying someone who has RM25,000 or more debts?” The Crosstabulation of this survey is shown in Table 8.
Table 8: Gender * Students opinion Model Crosstabulation
Students opinion Total Yes No Uncertain Count 125 59 21 205 Female Expected Count 115.5 70.5 18.9 205 Gender Count 101 79 16 196 Male Expected Count 110.5 67.5 18.1 196 Count 226 138 37 401 Total Expected Count 226 138 37 401
Based on Table 8, answer the following questions.
a) State the number of students giving their opinions. b) How many students give ‘No’ as their opinions? c) How many female students give ‘Yes’ as their opinions? Hence, show that the expected frequency for the group is 115.5. e) Determine whether there is an association between gender of the students and their opinion at 5% significance level. DECEMBER 2016
4. A lecturer at Matahari College wishes to determine whether
students’ gender is related to their smoking habit. A sample of 180 students was selected at random. The data was analyzed using SPSS and the following tables were obtained.
Gender * Smoking Habit Model Crosstabulation
Smoking Habit Total None Light Heavy Count 46 36 A 95 Female Expected Count 40.6 29.6 24.8 95.0 Gender Count 31 20 34 85 Male Expected Count B 26.4 22.2 85.0 Count 77 56 47 180 Total Expected Count 77.0 56.0 47.0 180.0
Chi-Square Tests Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) Pearson Chi-Square 16.34 2 .000 Likelihood Ratio 18.975 2 .000 Linear-by-Linear Association 11.257 1 .001 N of Valid Cases 180
a) Find the values of A and B.
b) State the hypotheses for this study. c) Based on the p-value, can we conclude that students’ gender is related to their smoking habit? Use α = 0.01. JUNE 2017
4. The management of a train company wants to study of there
is any association between the train station’s crowd and the trains that were late were observed at three different stations in Klang Valley. The crossbulation of the observation and the chi-square tests are displayed below.
Station * Frequency Crosstabulation
Frequency Total On-time Late Station Count 26 A 40 A Expected Count 26.7 13.3 40.0 Count 30 10 40 B Expected Count 26.7 13.3 40.0 Count 44 26 70 C Expected Count B 23.3 70.0 Count 100 50 150 Total Expected Count 100.0 50.0 150.0
Chi-Square Tests Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) Pearson Chi-Square 1.751 2 .415 Likelihood Ratio 1.812 2 .404 Linear-by-Linear Association .172 1 .678 N of Valid Cases 150
a) Calculate the values of A and B.
b) State the hypotheses for this study. c) Based on the p-value, can we conclude that there is an association between station’s crowd and train delay? JANUARY 2018
4. GrabbyGrab wishes to determine whether students or
working individuals are more likely to use their service. A sample of 200 GrabbyGrab users was selected at random. The data analyzed using SPSS has produced the following statistics.
Working Status * Frequency Using GrabbyGrab
Crosstabulation Frequency Using GrabbyGrab Total Minimal Moderate Frequent Count 5 A 55 95 Students Expected 23.8 35.6 35.6 95.0 Working Count Status Count 45 40 20 105 Workers Expected 26.3 B 39.4 105.0 Count Count 50 75 75 200 Total Expected 50.0 75.0 75.0 200.0 Count
Chi-Square Tests Asymp. Sig. Value df (2-sided) Pearson Chi-Square 48.287 2 .000 Likelihood Ratio 53.625 2 .000 Linear-by-Linear 47.586 1 .001 Association N of Valid Cases 200
a) Find the values of A and B.
b) State the hypotheses for this study. c) Based on the p-value, can we conclude that working status is related to the frequent usage of GrabbyGrab? Use α = 0.05. JUNE 2018
4. A travel agency was curious about whether the service
guest receives is related to the size of the hotel. A sample of 300 customers was selected at random to gather the information. The data were analyzed using SPSS and the following tables were obtained.
Opinion on services * Size of Hotel Crosstabulation
Size of Hotel Mid- Total Large Small size Count 80 40 E 150 Satisfied Expected 80.0 45.0 25.0 150.0 Count Opinion Count 60 30 10 100 So-so Expected 53.3 30.0 16.7 100.0 Count Count 20 20 10 50 Dissatisfied Expected F 15.0 8.3 50.0 Count Count 160 90 50 300 Total Expected 160.0 90.0 50.0 300.0 Count
Chi-Square Tests Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) Pearson Chi-Square 8.722 G .068 Likelihood Ratio 9.081 4 .059 Linear-by-Linear Association .117 1 .732 N of Valid Cases 300
a) Compute the values of E, F and G.
b) State the null and alternative hypotheses to test whether the customers’ opinion and the size of the hotel are related. c) Based on the p-value, state your decision and conclusion for the above test. Use α = 0.10. DECEMBER 2018
4. A lecturer at Faculty of Hotel and Tourism Management
wishes to determine whether the program of the students is related to their smoking habit. The results obtained are shown below.
Program * Smoking Habit Crosstabulation
Smoking habit Total None Light Heavy Program Count 46 36 13 95 HM240 Expected Count A 29.6 24.8 95.0 Count 31 20 34 85 HM242 Expected Count 36.4 26.4 22.2 85.0 Count 77 56 47 180 Total Expected Count 77.0 56.0 47.0 180.0
Chi-Square Tests Asymp. Sig. (2- Value df sided) Pearson Chi-Square Q 2 .000 Likelihood Ratio 18.975 2 .000 Linear-by-Linear 11.257 1 .001 Association N of Valid Cases 180
a) Find the values of P and Q. Show all your
calculations. b) State the null and alternative hypotheses. c) At the 1% level of significance, is there sufficient evidence to conclude that the program of the students is related to their smoking habit? JUNE 2019
3. A manager at Company Brilliant wishes to determine
whether the employees’ work satisfaction is related to their department. The results obtained are shown below. Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) Pearson Chi-Square D 2 0.541 Likelihood Ratio 2.522 3 0.471 Linear-by-Linear Association 1.314 1 0.252 N of Valid Cases 93
Satisfaction * Department Crosstabulation
Department Human Tota Financ Sale l Resourc IT e s e Satisfactio Count 12 38 5 8 63 n Satisfie d Expecte 6. 12.9 38.6 5.4 63.0 d Count 1 Not Count 7 19 3 1 30 Satisfie Expecte 2. d 6.1 E 2.6 30.0 d Count 9 Count 19 57 8 9 93 Total Expecte 9. 19.0 57.0 8.0 93.0 d Count 0
a) Using an appropriate formula, compute the values of
D and E. b) State the null and alternative hypotheses for this study. c) Based on the p - value, is there sufficient evidence to conclude that employees’ work satisfaction is related to their respective department? Use α = 0.05.
