Valid Cumulative Frequency Percent Percent Percent Valid High school 26 17.6 17.6 17.6 Foundation Degree (FdA 5 3.4 3.4 20.9 or FdSc) Bachelor's Degree (BA or 100 67.6 67.6 88.5 BSc) Master's degree (MA) 13 8.8 8.8 97.3 Doctorate (PhD) 2 1.4 1.4 98.6 Other 2 1.4 1.4 100.0 Total 148 100.0 100.0 Table 3
Occupation
Valid Cumulative Frequency Percent Percent Percent Valid Government Official 14 9.5 9.5 9.5 Industry Experts & 16 10.8 10.8 20.3 Business Leaders Private Sector: Investors & 36 24.3 24.3 44.6 Management Academic Researchers 15 10.1 10.1 54.7 Environmental Advocates 13 8.8 8.8 63.5 & NGO Representatives Community Leaders & 14 9.5 9.5 73.0 Residents Other 40 27.0 27.0 100.0 Total 148 100.0 100.0
Table 4
Experience
Cumulative Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent Valid Less than 1 year 53 35.8 35.8 35.8 1-3 years 61 41.2 41.2 77.0 4-6 years 24 16.2 16.2 93.2 More than 6 years 10 6.8 6.8 100.0 Total 148 100.0 100.0
Table 5 Descriptive Statistics N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation EV 148 1.00 3.60 2.3230 .46804 DS 148 1.00 5.20 2.4824 .60381 SI 148 1.00 3.50 1.8108 .62176 ER 148 1.00 4.00 2.1267 .64582 Valid N (listwise) 148
Table 5 shows the descriptive analysis conducted on the variables economic
vulnerability (EV), diversification strategies (DS), sustainability integration (SI) and economic resilience (ER). with an average of 2.32, economic vulnerability indicates that participants had perceived Kurdistan’s region's economic vulnerability and preparedness to face the challenges fairly low. With standard deviation of 0.47, as the maximum score was 3.60 and minimum being 1.00, which shows consistency in the perception of vulnerability across the sample. Similarly, Diversification Strategies (DS) has an average score of 2.48, although slightly higher, it is in the low range. However, with the standard deviation being 0.60, it shows a greater range of different responses. This indicates that some respondents see that past, current and future diversification strategies can either be very useful for economic growth or have/will not make a huge impact as the maximum score is at 5.20. Sustainability Integration's score has the lowest average score 1.81, which reflects a low level of support on sustainable practices to the Kurdistan region. the standard deviation is 0.62, with a minimum score of 1 to maximum 3.50, presenting a low to neutral response towards implementing sustainable practises to the Kurdistan region. Lastly, Economic Resilience (ER) averages at 2.13, showing a low to moderate level of economic resilience if sustainable practices were to be implemented. however, there was a good range of responses due to the standard deviation being 0.65, with the minimum being 1 to maximum scoring at 4, some participants felt it would either make an impact and others do not.
Table 6 T
Pearson Correlation Between Economic Vulnerability and Diversification Strategy
EV DS EV Pearson Correlation 1 .213** Sig. (2-tailed) .009 N 148 148 DS Pearson Correlation .213** 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .009 N 148 148 **. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
Table 6 shows Pearson’s correlation coefficient was computed to assess the linear relationship between economic vulnerability and diversification strategies. using the formula r(df)= r value, p = p-value to understand what sort of correlation the variables have: r(146)= .21, p=.009. This shows a positive but weak correlation as the r value is close to 0. The p- value of .009 indicates the probability that there is a likelihood of the relationship is real and not due to chance or random variation in the data.
Table 7
Spearman’s Rho Correlations Among Diversification (DS), Sustainability (SI) and
Economic Resilience (ER) DS SI ER Spearman's rho DS Correlation 1.000 .163* .298** Coefficient Sig. (2-tailed) . .048 .000 N 148 148 148 SI Correlation .163* 1.000 .619** Coefficient Sig. (2-tailed) .048 . .000 N 148 148 148 ER Correlation .298** .619** 1.000 Coefficient Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 . N 148 148 148 *. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed). **. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
A spearman's correlation was conducted to assess the relationships among
diversification, sustainability, and economic resilience. By using rs(df)= ρ, p= p-value, there was a significant positive relationship between diversification and sustainability as rs(146)=.16, p= .048 as the correlation coefficient is a positive number. The p- value is just below .05 which shows a somewhat positive correlation. Similarly, diversification and economic resilience was found to have a significant positive correlation as rs(146)= .30, p < .001 and because the p value is smaller than .001 meaning it shows a very strong level of statistical significance. Lastly, the relationship between sustainability and economic resilience was significantly positive, rs(146)=.62, p < .001. The correlation coefficient value is the highest out of the relationships tested between the other variables, indicating that economic resilience increases substantially when sustainability increases.
Table 8 Model Summary Adjusted R Std. Error of the Model R R Square Square Estimate 1 .634a .402 .394 .50269 a. Predictors: (Constant), SI, DS
ANOVA Results for Predictors of Economic Resilience
Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. 1 Regression 24.671 2 12.336 48.815 .000b Residual 36.641 145 .253 Total 61.312 147 a. Dependent Variable: ER b. Predictors: (Constant), SI, DS
Regression Coefficients for Predictors of Economic Resilience
Unstandardized Standardized Coefficients Coefficients Model B Std. Error Beta t Sig. 1 (Constant) .660 .197 3.354 .001 DS .140 .070 .131 1.995 .048 SI .619 .068 .596 9.096 .000 a. Dependent Variable: ER
A multiple linear regression was calculated to predict economic resilience based on
diversification strategies and sustainability practises. A significant regression equation was found (F(2,145) = 48.82, p < .001, with an R2 of .402. In Table 4, the R2 value shows that the predictors explain 40.2% of the variance of economic resilience. Participant’s predicted economic resilience is equal to .660 + .140(DS) + .619 (SI) meaning that economic resilience increases by .140 for each unit increase in diversification and .619 increase for each unit of sustainability integration increases. In summary, both diversification and sustainability are important predictors of economic resilience, with sustainability having a stronger impact.
(Cultural Encounters in Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, 41) Ildikó Csepregi - Incubation in Early Byzantium_ The Formation of Christian Incubation Cults and Miracle Collections-Brepols (2024)
(Cultural Encounters in Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, 41) Ildikó Csepregi - Incubation in Early Byzantium_ The Formation of Christian Incubation Cults and Miracle Collections-Brepols (2024)
