The document provides a set of tutorial questions on the topic of precipitation and rainfall measurement for a civil engineering hydrology course. It includes questions about spatial and temporal variability of rainfall in India, cloud formation mechanisms, estimating average rainfall using rain gauge data and Thiessen polygons, measuring snowfall, functioning of tipping bucket rain gauges, using weather radar to measure precipitation, and satellites like TRMM and GPM.
The document provides a set of tutorial questions on the topic of precipitation and rainfall measurement for a civil engineering hydrology course. It includes questions about spatial and temporal variability of rainfall in India, cloud formation mechanisms, estimating average rainfall using rain gauge data and Thiessen polygons, measuring snowfall, functioning of tipping bucket rain gauges, using weather radar to measure precipitation, and satellites like TRMM and GPM.
The document provides a set of tutorial questions on the topic of precipitation and rainfall measurement for a civil engineering hydrology course. It includes questions about spatial and temporal variability of rainfall in India, cloud formation mechanisms, estimating average rainfall using rain gauge data and Thiessen polygons, measuring snowfall, functioning of tipping bucket rain gauges, using weather radar to measure precipitation, and satellites like TRMM and GPM.
The document provides a set of tutorial questions on the topic of precipitation and rainfall measurement for a civil engineering hydrology course. It includes questions about spatial and temporal variability of rainfall in India, cloud formation mechanisms, estimating average rainfall using rain gauge data and Thiessen polygons, measuring snowfall, functioning of tipping bucket rain gauges, using weather radar to measure precipitation, and satellites like TRMM and GPM.
Tutorial 02: Precipitation Dated: Jan 27, 2024 Due in the week beginning: Feb. 12, 2024
Max marks: 100 (10 marks for each question). Please submit neatly hand-written solutions. Q2.1: What do you understand by spatial and temporal variability in rainfall? Explain by using information pertaining to India. Q2.2: Briefly describe lifting mechanisms of air and how clouds are formed ? Q2.3: A catchment has seven rain gauge stations. The average annual rainfalls at the stations are given in table below. Find required number of rain gauges if maximum permissible error is 5% is needed in rainfall estimation.
Station A B C D E F G
Rainfall (mm) 650 765 792 828 738 696 580
If rainfall at station G is 530 mm, what will be the required number of rain gauges ? Why the required number of rainguages has changed ? Q2.4: Briefly describe the functioning tipping bucket raingauge with the help of a neat labelled diagram. Q2.5: Five rain gauge stations A, B, C, D and E are located in a square shaped hypothetical basin of side 29 km as shown in the figure below. Station A is at the center of the basin. Compute the mean areal rainfall over the basin by using Thiessen polygon method if the rainfall at stations A, B, C, D and E are 95 cm, 85 cm, 110cm, 120cm and 100cm, respectively. Q2.6: Describe the isohyetal method of computing average rainfall using a neat diagram. Q2.7: A catchment has five rain gauge stations, A, B, C, D, E and F. The normal monthly rainfall for August at these stations is known. The observed rainfall values at stations B, C, D, E and F for a storm event are given below. Find the missing rainfall for station A.
Station Coordinate X Coordinate Y Normal Rainfall Event Rainfall
(km) (km) for August (mm) (mm)
A 15 15 325 ?
B 7.5 5 306 28
C 5 15 301 35
D 12 21 390 41
E 24 13 366 33
F 19 6 284 23
Q2.8: What is a weather radar and how it is used to measure precipitation? Also list its advantages and dis-advantages. Q2.9: Briefly explain, with the help of diagrams, how snow fall is measured ? Q2.10: Write a short note on TRMM and GPM.
Self-study assignment S2.1: Study about cloudburst events and the threats arising due to these. S2.2: Gather information about the weather radar network in India. What are the gaps in the existing network keeping in view the requirements from disaster management perspective? Compare the weather radar network in India with the network in a developed country. ***
