BRAYTON CYCLE

Compression Ratio
Equations
𝑉1
𝑟𝑘 =
Heat Added 𝑉2

𝑄𝐴 = 𝑚𝐶𝑝 (𝑇3 − 𝑇2 ) Pressure Ratio

𝑃2 𝑃3
Heat Rejected 𝑟𝑝 = =
𝑃1 𝑃4
𝑄𝑅 = 𝑚𝐶𝑝 (𝑇4 − 𝑇1 )
MEP
Compressor Work
𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡
𝑀𝐸𝑃 =
𝑊𝑐 = 𝑚𝐶𝑃 (𝑇2 − 𝑇1 ) 𝑉𝐷

𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡
Turbine Work 𝑀𝐸𝑃 =
𝑉4 − 𝑉2
𝑊𝑡 = 𝑚𝐶𝑝 (𝑇3 − 𝑇4 )
Heat Supplied by Fuel
Net Work
𝑄𝑓 = 𝑚𝑓 𝑄ℎ
Using Heat
Where:
𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝑄𝐴 + 𝑄𝑅
𝑄𝑓 = heat supplied by fuel
𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝑚𝐶𝑝 [(𝑇3 − 𝑇2 ) + (𝑇4 − 𝑇1 )]
𝑚𝑓 = mass of fuel
Using Work
𝑄ℎ = heat added
𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝑊𝑡 − 𝑊𝑐 Backwork Ratio
𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝑚𝐶𝑝 [(𝑇3 − 𝑇4 ) − (𝑇2 − 𝑇1 )] 𝑊𝑐
𝑅𝐵𝑊 =
𝑊𝑡
Cycle Efficiency / Thermal Efficiency
𝑇2 − 𝑇1
𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝑅𝐵𝑊 =
𝑒= 𝑇3 − 𝑇4
𝑄𝐴
Optimum Pressure Ratio
𝑄𝑅
𝑒 =1− 𝑘
𝑄𝐴
𝑇𝑚𝑎𝑥 2𝑘−2
𝑟𝑝 = ( )
𝑇4 − 𝑇1 𝑇𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑒 =1−
𝑇3 − 𝑇2 𝑘
𝑇3 2𝑘−2
1 𝑟𝑝 = ( )
𝑒 =1− 𝑇1
𝑟𝑘𝑘−1

1
𝑒 =1− 𝑘−1
𝑟𝑝 𝑘

Volume Displaced

𝑉𝐷 = 𝑉4 − 𝑉2
Sample Problems
An air-standard cycle operates with 90 kPa and 300K at the compressor inlet. The compressor ratio is 9.0. The max. temperature is 1600K. On the
basis of cold air-standard analysis using:
𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽
𝐶𝑣 = 0.718 & 𝐶𝑝 = 1.005
𝑘𝑔 − 𝐾 𝑘𝑔 − 𝐾

Determine:

• 𝑄𝐴
• 𝑄𝑅
• 𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡
• 𝑒
• 𝑅𝐵𝑊
• 𝑟𝑝
• 𝑟𝑘

Given: Solution:
𝑃1 = 90 𝑘𝑃𝑎 @Pt.1
𝑇1 = 300 𝐾 𝑃1 = 90 𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑘𝐽 𝑇1 = 300 𝐾
𝑅 = 0.28708 Assuming m = 1
𝑘𝑔 − 𝐾
𝑟𝑝 = 9 𝑘𝐽
𝑚𝑅𝑇1 1 𝑘𝑔 (0.28708 𝑘𝑔 − 𝐾 ) (300 𝐾)
𝑇3 = 1600 𝐾 𝑉1 = =
𝑘𝐽 𝑃1 90 𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝐶𝑣 = 0.718 𝑉1 = 0.9569 𝑚3
𝑘𝑔 − 𝐾
𝑘𝐽 @Pt. 2
𝐶𝑝 = 1.005 𝑃2 = 𝑟𝑝 𝑃1 = 9(90 𝑘𝑃𝑎)
𝑘𝑔 − 𝐾
𝑃2 = 810 𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑘−1 1.4−1
𝑇2 = 𝑇1 (𝑟𝑝 ) 𝑘 = 300 𝐾(9) 1.4
𝑇2 = 562.0332 𝐾
𝑉1𝑘 𝑉1
𝑉2𝑘 = 𝑜𝑟 𝑉2 = 1.4
𝑟𝑝 √𝑟𝑝
3
0.9569 𝑚
𝑉2 = 1.4
√9
𝑉2 = 0.1992 𝑚3
@Pt. 3
𝑃3 = 𝑃2 = 810 𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑇3 = 1600 𝐾
𝑇3 1600 𝐾
𝑉3 = 𝑉2 ( ) = 0.1992 𝑚3 ( )
𝑇2 562.0332 𝐾
𝑉3 = 0.5671 𝑚3
@Pt. 4
𝑃4 = 𝑃1 = 90 𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑇3 1600 𝐾
𝑇4 = 𝑘−1 = 1.4−1
𝑟𝑝 𝑘 (9) 1.4
𝑇4 = 854.0421 𝐾
𝑉4 = 𝑉3𝑘 𝑟𝑝 𝑜𝑟 𝑉4 = 𝑉3 𝑘√𝑟𝑝
𝑘

𝑉4 = 𝑉3 𝑘√𝑟𝑝
1.4
𝑉4 = 0.5671 𝑚3 ( √9)
𝑉4 = 2.7243 𝑚3
Heat Rejected
𝑄𝑅 = 𝑚𝐶𝑝 (𝑇4 − 𝑇1 )
𝑘𝐽
𝑄𝑅 = 1 𝑘𝑔 (1.005 ) (854.0421 𝐾 − 300 𝐾)
𝑘𝑔 − 𝐾
𝑄𝑅 = 556.8123 𝑘𝐽
Heat Added
𝑄𝐴 = 𝑚𝐶𝑝 (𝑇3 − 𝑇2 )
𝑘𝐽
𝑄𝐴 = 1 𝑘𝑔 (1.005 ) (1600 𝐾 − 562.0332 𝐾)
𝑘𝑔 − 𝐾
𝑄𝐴 = 1043.1566 𝑘𝐽
Net work
𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝑄𝐴 − 𝑄𝑅 = 1043.1566 𝑘𝐽 − 556.8123 𝑘𝐽
𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 486.3443 𝑘𝐽
Efficiency
𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 486.3453 𝑘𝐽
𝑒= =
𝑄𝐴 1043.1566 𝑘𝐽
𝑒 = 0.4662 = 46.6224%
Backwork Ratio
𝑊𝑐 𝑇2 − 𝑇1
𝑅𝐵𝑊 = =
𝑊𝑡 𝑇3 − 𝑇4
562.0332 𝐾 − 300 𝐾
𝑅𝐵𝑊 =
1600 𝐾 − 854.0421 𝐾
𝑅𝐵𝑊 = 0.3513