A Sunnah Way of Treatment, Hijama Is Curative in Cervical Pain

MAJALLATUL A SUNNAH WAY OF TREATMENT, HIJAMA
MOHSANAT IS CURATIVE IN CERVICAL PAIN
A SUNNAH WAY OF TREATMENT, HIJAMA IS

CURATIVE IN CERVICAL PAIN
Muhammad Bilal1, Rafeeq Alam Khan2
Abstract:
Hijama, an a sunnah way of treatment, recommended by Muhammad

which is enjoying its resurgence in modern era by different names including wet
cupping therapy, bukkam, beguan etc in different regions of the world, is being
studied enthusiastically as the practitioners claim it bears no side effects and is
effective in treating many conditions including those which are not cured
through the conventional system of medicine.
In the current study effectiveness of hijama was assessed in the treatment of

cervical pain, a very common condition now a days due to day by day increasing
usage of smart phones and tablets etc. in addition to other conventional causes.
116 male patients between the ages of 30 to 60 year were recruited randomly for
this study. Procedure of hijama was done on neck, upper back, shoulders, scapula
and arm joint. The total duration of the study was 3 months.
Results were remarkable as after hijama there was a highly significant decline in
the value of NPRS i.e. 4.21± 0.17 as compared to before hijama i.e. 7.71 ± 0.17.
Conclusion: hijama was found to be very effective with almost no side effects in
the treatment of Cervical pain and may be employed as a sole remedy for cervical
pain.
Key words: hijama, cupping therapy, Cervical pain, cervical spondylosis,

cervical nerve, NPRS(Numeric pain rating scale)
Introduction:
Hijama is an alternative mode of treatment which is also know by the name of
1: Dr. ,PhD research scholar Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and

pharmaceutical sciences, University of Karachi.
2: Dr. Meritorious Professor and dean, Faculty of Pharmacy and pharmaceutical
sciences, Ziauddin Medical University, Karachi.
XII
wet cupping therapy. This mode of treatment is popular in China, UK, Iran, Pakistan,
India , Germany and many other countries. The mechanism of action of this mode
of treatment lies in the removal of sub cutaneous blood at various sites on the
body. The site is selected according to the disease. The detailed procedure of
hijama is discussed in the section of materials and methods.
Neck pain may arise in any part of the neck including, muscles, nerves,
vertebral bones, intervertebral discs and joints. It is a very prevalent complaint now
a days. Neck pain may happen due to muscular stiffness in neck and upper back, or
compression of the nerves arising from the cervical vertebrae. Joint disorder in the
neck or upper back may result in neck pain (Khan and Stroman, 2015).
There are numerous structures in the neck which may contribute to the neck pain
for instance; vessels, nerves, trachea, pharynx. The pain may be muscular or skeletal
in nature. Moreover it may radiates from other areas of the body (Jean et al., 2015).
Possible causes of neck pain (according to severity) are listed below:
 Dissection of Carotid artery  Acute coronary syndrome

 Neoplasm in head and neck.
 Different abscess and infections in neck structures as retropharyngeal,
epiglottitis.
 Herniation or protrusion of intervertebral discs.
 Spondylosis  Stenosis of the spinal canal
 Some less severe causes of neck pain include:
 Stress  Poor postures of sleeping and sitting
 Injuries and falls  Referred pain of upper back
 Muscular strain  Whiplash or severe jerk to neck.
 Herniation of disc  Ccompressed nerve
Some other causes may lead to neck pain as sleeping posture, torticollis,
head Injury, rheumatoid arthritis, congenital cervical rib, mononucleosis, rubella,
certain cancers, ankylosing spondylitis, cervical spine fracture, esophageal
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trauma, subarachnoid hemorrhage, lymphadenitis, thyroid trauma, and tracheal

trauma (Ginger , 2014).
Materials and Methods:
The study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness of hijama in

cervical pain at Aligarh Shifa Hospital after the consent of their ethical
committee. The patients were asked to fill a consent form duly signed
acknowledging their free will to participate in the study. The patients who were
severely anemic, i.e. hemoglobin level below 8 were excluded from the study.
116 male patients between the ages of 30 to 60 year were recruited randomly for
this study. Procedure of hijama was done on neck, upper back, shoulders, scapula
and arm joint. The procedure was repeated three times with an interval of a
month. Hence the total duration of the study was 3 months.
Inclusion Criteria: Patients with pain secondary to muscular spasm and

cervical nerve compression were selected for the study. Pain was measured by
numeric pain rating scale (0-10).
Exclusion Criteria: The patients who had cervical pain due to trauma resulting
in bone fracture were excluded from the study.
Procedure of Hijama: The technique of Hijama used during the study is as follows:
The selected site on the body was cleaned with 75% alcohol swabs.
A sterilized vacuum cup was placed on the site and vacuum was created using
a manual vacuum pump, enough to cause the cup to adhere to the skin. The cup
was removed after 5 minutes and superficial incisions were made with the help of
sterilized surgical blade and the cup is placed again to induce suction. The cup
was removed after 5-10 minutes. The subcutaneous blood collected in the cup
was readily discarded along with the cup. The incised area under the cup was
cleaned with medicated wipes and honey was applied for antiseptic purposes
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and sterilized gauze was placed with medicated tape. (Bilal et al., 2015)
Results: Table 1 reveals the comparison between the numeric pain rating scale
for cervical pain before and after hijama. Results on this scale after hijama
showed highly significant decline i.e. 4.21± 0.17 as compared to before hijama
i.e. 7.71 ± 0.17.
Table 1: Comparison of NPRS in patients of cervical pain
Parameter Before Hijama After Hijama
Numeric pain rating scale 4.211± 0.17 7.707 ± 0.17**
N=116 Average values ±S.E.M
*p value<0.05 significant as compared to control
**p<0.001 highly significant as compared to control
Discussion: There were outstanding results in the patients of cervical pain

experiencing pain due to spondylosis and pinching of cervical nerve. The pain
was relieved in 3 sessions on average. In some of the patients the result was not
remarkable and there were a few patients who did not respond to Hijama at all.
There was no reporting of worsening of symptoms.
Conclusion: Hijama was found to be effective in relieving cervical pain. A

prominent feature observed in the current study was safety i.e. no side effects
were reported by any of the patients. Another important feature was its efficacy
which was highly encouraging as much as hijama can be recommended in as a
sole remedy in the case of cervical pain. We can safely conclude that act upon
Sunnah way of life ensures a healthy lifestyle which is a dire need in post Corona
world.
XV
References:
Bilal M, Khan RA, Danial K (2015) Hijama improves overall quality of life in
chronic renal failure patients: A pilot study. Pak J Pharm Sci.
Sep;28(5):1731-1735.
Ginger Evans, MD Edited By Douglas S. Paauw (2014) Identifying and Treating

the Causes of Neck Pain Common Symptoms in the Ambulatory
Setting Medical Clinics of North America Volume 98, Issue 3,
May, Pages 645661
H.S. Khan, P.W. Stroman, (2015) Inter-individual differences in pain processing

investigated by functional magnetic resonance imaging of the
brainstem and spinal cord Neuroscience Volume 307, 29
October, Pages 231241
Jean-Christophe A. Leveque, MD, Bintu Marong-Ceesay, MS, Teresa Cooper,

MN, MPH, Chris R. How, MD. (2015) Diagnosis and Treatment
of Cervical Radiculopathy and Myelopathy. Physical Medicine
and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America Volume 26, Issue 3,
August, Pages 491511
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MAJALLATUL A SUNNAH WAY OF TREATMENT, HIJAMA

MOHSANAT IS CURATIVE IN CERVICAL PAIN

A SUNNAH WAY OF TREATMENT, HIJAMA IS

Hijama, an a sunnah way of treatment, recommended by Muhammad

In the current study effectiveness of hijama was assessed in the treatment of

Key words: hijama, cupping therapy, Cervical pain, cervical spondylosis,

1: Dr. ,PhD research scholar Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and

Possible causes of neck pain (according to severity) are listed below:

 Dissection of Carotid artery  Acute coronary syndrome

trauma, subarachnoid hemorrhage, lymphadenitis, thyroid trauma, and tracheal

Materials and Methods:

The study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness of hijama in

Inclusion Criteria: Patients with pain secondary to muscular spasm and

Table 1: Comparison of NPRS in patients of cervical pain

Parameter Before Hijama After Hijama

Numeric pain rating scale 4.211± 0.17 7.707 ± 0.17**

N=116 Average values ±S.E.M

*p value<0.05 significant as compared to control

**p<0.001 highly significant as compared to control

Discussion: There were outstanding results in the patients of cervical pain

Conclusion: Hijama was found to be effective in relieving cervical pain. A

Ginger Evans, MD Edited By Douglas S. Paauw (2014) Identifying and Treating

H.S. Khan, P.W. Stroman, (2015) Inter-individual differences in pain processing

Jean-Christophe A. Leveque, MD, Bintu Marong-Ceesay, MS, Teresa Cooper,

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