B 737-6/7/8/900 Boeing: ATA 21 Air Conditioning
B 737-6/7/8/900 Boeing: ATA 21 Air Conditioning
B 737-6/7/8/900 Boeing: ATA 21 Air Conditioning
B 737-6/7/8/900
ATA 21
AIR CONDITIONING
EASA Part 66 B2
B737-6 21 B2 E
For training purposes only.
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Lufthansa Technical
Training
Dept HAM US
Lufthansa Base Hamburg
Weg beim Jäger 193
22335 Hamburg
Germany
21−00 GENERAL
AIR COND SYSTEM DESCRIPTION AIR CYCLE MACHINE, (COMPRESSOR)
The air cycle machine is a cooling unit consisting of a compressor and tur-
GENERAL bine on a common shaft. The air enters the compressor, where the pressure
The air conditioning system provides a conditioned air environment for the pas- and temperature of the air is increased.
sengers and crew, assuring comfort and safety. The air cycle machine (ACM) decreases air temperature, by expansion
The air conditioning packs receive hot air (212C) from the pneumatic system. through a turbine.
The packs control the temperature, rate of flow, and distribute it throughout the Foil air bearings support the shaft. The air bearings let the ACM rotate at
passenger and control compartments. high speed with little friction. An air-bearing boost-air line connects at the
center of the ACM. The upstream supply of air comes from a port on the
AIR CONDITIONING PACK upstream side of the flow control and shutoff valve.
The flow control valves (pack valves) provide pack ON / OFF control, and one When the airplane is in flight, demand from the air cycle machine decreases
of three different flow schedules in response to the pack switch and APU bleed and ram air pressure increases. The increase in ram air pressure opens the
switch selection on the P5 panel. check valve and lets more air go through the heat exchanger without the
MIXING VALVE HOT AIR increase of fan operation.
An air mix valve, downstream of the pack valve, regulates cabin tempera- WATER SEPARATOR
ture by allowing a controlled amount of hot air to by−pass the air cycle sys- As the air cools, its moisture content condenses. The water separator col-
tem. The valve is a dual housing assembly with two disk plates mounted on lects this atomized moisture and removes it from the air cycle system. This
a common shaft 90 opposed. As one disk moves from open toward closed, water is sprayed into the ram air inlet duct, upstream of the pack heat ex-
the other moves from closed toward open. One part of the air is routed to changer, through a water spray nozzle. The water separator 2C control
the hot air plate of the mixing valve, bypasses the cooling pack, directed system bypasses hot air around the air cycle machine, if needed, to prevent
through the mixing chamber. water freezing in the separator.
The remainder is directed through the PACK PROTECTION
PRIMARY HEAT EXCHANGER, Protection of the pack is provided by four thermal switches.
The primary heat exchanger is an air - to − air type. The ram air system em-
ploys outside air as a cooling medium across the heat exchanger. The − 90 C (Supply Duct).....................mixing valve drives to FULL COLD.
amount of outside air permitted to flow through the heat exchangers is de- − 100C (Turbine Inlet) ....................pack valve closes.
termined by ram air inlet panels. During periods of low ram air supply, such
For Training Purposes Only
PNEUMATIC AIR
R/H PACK HOT AIR COOL WARM
MIX
CHAMBER COOL WARM
1 FILTER OFF
MANUAL
2 MIX CONDITIONED
3 MANIFOLD GROUND AIR
CONNECTION
4
RECIRCULATION
5 FAN
PRESSURIZED UNPRESSURIZED S
PACK
VALVE
M
CABIN
OVERHEAD HOT
DISTRIBUTION MIX
CHAMBER ANTI ICE 2 C
DUCT TRIM
CONTROL BOX VALVE MIXING VALVE
CABIN AIR
TEMP LEGEND: 2 C M AIR CYCLE
MASCHINE COLD
SENSOR
1 DUCT OVHT SW 90C
2 C
2 DUCT OVHT SW 120 C
SENSOR
3 DUCT LIMIT SENSOR 60 C
CABIN 4 DUCT ANTICIPATOR SENSOR
TEMP 5 SUPPLY DUCT TEMP. BULB
BULB
WATER RAM
SEPARATOR AIR
200 C COMP FAN EXHAUST
OVERHEAT SW BYPASS
4 3 2 1 CHECK
VALVE
RAM AIR
For Training Purposes Only
ACTUATOR
CONTROL RAM AIR
CABIN CONTROLLER
TEMP
PRIMARY
SENSOR
SECONDARY HEAT EXCHANGER
LEGEND: HEAT EXCHANGER
HOT AIR DEFLECTOR
WARM AIR RAM AIR INLET 110 C RAM AIR
COOL AIR MODULATION PANELS TEMP SENSOR
100 C TURBINE
COLD AIR WATER SPRAY INLET OVHT SW
NOZZLE
CONDITIONED AIR
LEFT PACK SHOWN RIGHT PACK SIMILAR
MIXING VALVE
INDICATOR
TEST
TEMPERATURE
INDICATOR 60
L PACK R PACK 40 TEMP
ISOLATION
OFF VALVE OFF 80
PACK DUCT OVERHEAT DUCT DUCT
AUTO OPEN AUTO 20
SWITCH LIGHT OVERHEAT A OVERHEAT
100 A
HIGH AUTO HIGH
C
TRIP RESET
OFF OFF
SWITCH
RAM DOOR DUAL RAM DOOR RAM DOOR
ON ON FULL OPEN BLEED FULL OPEN FULL OPEN
1 APU 2 LIGHT A B B
BLEED
Physical Description
The ram air sensor has a stainless steel probe housing. The probe housing
attaches to the electrical connector and is hermetically sealed. The housing
has external threads and hexagonal flats for a boss mount.
Functional Description
The ram air sensor is a thermistor bead element. The resistance of the temper-
ature sensing element changes as the air temperature changes. The ram air
temperature controller uses the resistance of the temperature sensor in a con-
trol bridge. When the temperature is above or below 230F (110C), the control-
ler continues to change the position of the ram air inlet modulation panel. The
controller does not send control signals when the temperature is approximately
230F (110C)
For Training Purposes Only
ELECTRICAL
CONNECTOR
PROBE
HOUSING FWD
21−50 COOLING
COOLING — FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION switch. The air then enters the secondary heat exchanger. Again, thermal
energy is extracted by ram air passing around the heat exchanger. However,
The temperature control system is configured in such a way that under normal the heat transfer is augmented by water evaporating on the surface of the se-
operation, the airplane is divided into three zones. These zones are the, condary heat exchanger. The water is sprayed on to the secondary heat ex-
control cabin zone, changer by a water spray nozzle located in the ram air duct. Upon leaving the
forward passenger cabin zone, and aft passenger cabin zone. secondary heat exchanger, the air enters a high pressure water separator sy-
Controlling the temperature in the cabins is accomplished by controlling the stem. The first item the air enters is the water extractor duct. The water extrac-
temperature of the air entering the cabins. Air conditioning operation begins tor duct removes any condensate on the inner walls of the duct leaving the se-
when the pack switches are positioned to AUTO or HIGH. This commands the condary heat exchanger. The extracted water is ducted the collection manifold
respective pack valve to open allowing bleed air into the pack. installed on the bottom of the condenser. After leaving the water extractor duct,
the air enters the hot side of the reheater on its way to the condenser. This air
Pack Valve transfers some of its heat to the dehumidified air returning from the water ex-
During normal operating, it modulates to meter pack airflow to one of three flow tractors. Next, the air enters the condenser where it is cooled by the discharge
schedules: air leaving the air cycle machine turbine. The cooling of the air causes the moi-
sture in the air to condense. The moisture is removed by passing through the
OFF water extractors. The static swirl vanes located in the core of the water extrac-
The pack valve is closed. tors removes the water by centrifugal motion. The water is collected in sumps
AUTO on the water extractors. The water from the sumps is ducted to a collection ma-
With both packs operating in AUTO, each pack regulates to normal flow rate nifold located on the bottom of the high pressure water separator system.
approximately 75 Ibs/min. This water is ducted from the manifold to the water spray nozzle located in
With one Pack operating, regulates to high Flow Rate when: the ram air duct. A port on the manifold is provided for overflow provisions cau-
− in Flight and Flaps Up (if Engine Bleed is used) sed by a clogged nozzle. The dehumidified air then enters the reheater for the
second time. This will heat the air before entering the air cycle machine tur-
− in Flight, regardless of Flaps (if APU Bleed is used). bine. Across either path of the condenser, icing may occur restricting the air-
HIGH flow. This will cause a change in differential pressure sensed by the standby
Pack regulates − 105 Ibs/min. pack temperature control valve. In this situation, the standby pack temperature
If APU bleed air is used on ground, the pack regulates to APU high flow control valve will allow hot bleed air to enter the condenser to deice either path.
approximately − 131 Ibs/min. When the differential pressure returns to normal, the standby pack tempera-
For Training Purposes Only
ture control valve will close. The air expands in the turbine decreasing its tem-
Pack Flow perature and pressure. This expansion through the turbine powers the com-
Downstream of the pack valve, the bleed air is diverted to a trim air system, pressor. The compressor and turbine are connected by a common shaft. For
pack temperature control valve, standby pack temperature control valve, and system protection, the air entering the turbine is limited to 100C by the turbine
the primary heat exchanger. The bleed air enters the primary heat exchanger inlet overheat switch. The air leaving the turbine is extremely cold and is war-
where thermal energy is extracted from the bleed air by the cooler ram air pas- med by bleed air from the pack temperature control valve. The air then passes
sing around the primary heat exchanger. The air leaves the primary heat ex- through the condenser for the second time cooling the air from the reheater.
changer and enters the compressor side of the air cycle machine. In the com- Next the air enters the mix manifold by way of the conditioned air check valve.
pressor, the pressure and temperture of the air is increased. For system For system protection, the discharge temperature is limited to120C by the
protection, the compressor is limited to 200C by the compressor overheat pack discharge overheat switch.
PNEUMATIC
AIR RH
120 C
PACK
DISCHARGE
FILTER CABIN PRESSURE R PACK
VALVE S
RECIRCULATION
FAN RIGHT PACK
(SIMILAR)
M TRIM AIR MOD
AFT PASS ZONE VALVE
ISOLATION
VALVE M
CABIN CONDITIONED
TEMP GROUND AIR
R MIX MAN CONNECTION TRIM AIR PRESS
SENSOR TEMP MIX REGUL VALVE L PACK
SENSOR VALVE S
CABIN MANIFOLD S
TEMP
BULB L MIX MAN
TEMP M
SENSOR SV STBY TCV
3 2 1
M
PRIMARY
WATER
1 2 3 EXTRACTORS PNEUMATIC
FWD PASS ZONE TEMP CONTROL AIR LH
TRIM AIR VALVE
MODUL
CABIN LEGEND: VALVE
TEMP AIR CYCLE
SENSOR 1 DUCT OVHT SW90C CONDENSER MASCHINE
UNPRESSURIZED
CABIN B
C
PRESSURIZED
TEMP PACK
SENSOR CONTROL CABIN AIR TEMP
WATER BULB
RAM AIR REHEATER
ACTUATOR SEC WATER
LEGEND: EXTRACTOR PRIMARY
WATER SPRAY SECONDARY HEAT EXCHANGER
HOT AIR NOZZLE HEAT EXCHANGER
WARM AIR
COOL AIR A 200C COMPRESSOR OUTLET
COLD AIR B 110 C RAM AIR TEMP SENSOR RAM AIR INLET
CONDITIONED AIR C 100 C TURBINE INLET
P5 PANEL
CONTROLS
LEFT RIGHT
PACK PACK
For Training Purposes Only
APU
ENGINE 1 ENGINE 2
The system gets triple redundant 28v dc power from these sources: The P5 overhead panel.
Battery bus, DC bus 1 and DC bus 2.
Data Input Interface
The flight crew makes these inputs to the cabin pressure control panel:
Pressurization mode
Flight altitude
Landing altitude.
28V DC A
BUS 1
PRESS CONT
AUTO 1
VALVE POSITION
28V DC B
BUS 2 PRESS CONT
AUTO 2 MANUAL
A AUTO A
MOTOR 1 C
CPC 1
T
STATIC PRESS MANUAL U
MODE VALVE
ALT, UN−CORR MO- A
FLT ALT ADIRU 2 ALT, BARO−CORR T
TOR
AIRSPEED
LAND ALT AUTO CABIN O
AUTO
MANUAL PRESSURE ENG 1 N2 MOTOR 2 R
CONTROL SENSE SMYDC 2
ENG 2 N1
ELACT2
CABIN PRESSURE
For Training Purposes Only
CPC 2
LEFT PACK VALVE
1
PSEU AIR/GROUND LOGIC OPEN/CLOSED RIGHT PACK VALVE
1 ACTIVE CONTROLLER CHANGES
WITH EVERY FLIGHT OR WITH
AN AUTOFAIL EVENT OVBD EXHAUST VALVE
Two selectors are used to set the flight altitude and the landing field altitude Training Information Point
into the system controller. The flight altitude selection is made in 500 foot incre-
The cabin pressure control module has integrated circuit electronics. It is an
ments. The flight altitude range begins at —1000 ft. and extends to 42,000 ft.
electro—static discharge sensitive (ESDS) device. Use proper care when you
The landing field altitude ranges from —1000 ft. to 14,000 ft. in increments of
handle it.
50 ft. The liquid crystal displays show the settings.
A three position toggle switch controls the aft outflow valve when in the manual
mode. It has three positions:
CLOSE NEUTRAL OPEN.
It is spring loaded to the neutral position. An aft outflow valve position indicator
shows the valve position in all modes of operation.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ATA 21 AIR CONDITIONING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
21−00 GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
AIR COND SYSTEM DESCRIPTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
OVERHEAD PANEL DESCRIPTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
RAM AIR INLET CONTROLLER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
21−50 COOLING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
COOLING — FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
21-30 PRESSURIZATION CONTROL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
PRESS. CONTROL — GENERAL DESCRIPTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
PRESS. CONTROL MODULE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
TABLE OF FIGURES
Figure 1 Air Conditioning System Schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Figure 2 Overhead Control Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Figure 3 Ram Air Control Temp. Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Figure 4 Air Conditioning System Schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Figure 5 Pressurization Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Figure 6 Press. Control Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Figure 7 Press. Control Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15