1

2023 년 9 월 고 1 모의고사 STN 변형 문제

다음 글을 읽고 각 물음에 답하시오.
18. 19.
Dear Professor Sanchez, Gregg and I had been rock climbing since sunrise and had had
My name is Ellis Wight, and I’m the director of the Alexandria no problems. So we took a risk. “Look, the first bolt is right
Science Museum. We are holding a Chemistry Fair for local there. I can definitely climb out to it. (A) Piece of cake,” I
middle school students on Saturday, October 28. The goal of persuaded Gregg, 5minutes before I found myself pinned. It
the fair is to encourage them to be interested in science wasn’t a (B) piece of cake. The rock was deceptively barren of
through guided experiments. 1
We are looking for college handholds. I clumsily moved back and forth across the cliff
students who can help the experiments during the event. I am face and ended up with nowhere to go...but down. The bolt
contacting you to ask you to 2recommend some students from that would save my life, if I could get to it, 6was about two feet
the chemistry department at your college who you think are above my reach. My arms trembled from exhaustion. I looked
3
qualified for this job. With their help, I’m sure the participants at Gregg. My body froze with fright from my neck down to my
will have a great experience. I look forward to hearing from toes. Our rope was tied between us. If I fell, he would fall with
you soon. me.
Sincerely, * barren of: ~이 없는
Ellis Wight
4
식은 죽 먹기야 에 해당하는 공통의 표현을 (A)와 (B)에 세
밑줄 친 문장에서 어법상 어색한 한 곳을 찾아 바르게 단어로 쓰시오.
수정하시오. 1

5
밑줄 친 부분을 우리말로 적절하게 해석하시오.
밑줄 친 부분에는 문맥을 고려하여 적절한 한 단어를 쓰시오. 2

6
밑줄 친 부분에 다음 단어들을 문맥과 어법에 맞게 적절하게
3
밑줄 친 부분에는 다음 영영 설명에 해당하는 한 단어를 쓰시오. 배열하시오.
___________ ... having suitable knowledge, experience, or skills, [ reach / was / my / above / about / two / feet ]
especially for a particular job
 2
2023 년 9 월 고 1 모의고사 STN 변형 문제

다음 글을 읽고 각 물음에 답하시오.
20. 21. 다음 글을 읽고 각 물음에 답하시오.
We are always teaching our children something by our words Most people have no doubt heard this question: If a tree falls
and our actions. They learn from seeing. They learn from in the forest and 9there is no one there to hear it fall, does it
hearing and from overhearing. Children share the values of make a sound? The correct answer is no. Sound is more than
their parents about the most important things in life. Our pressure waves, and indeed there can be no sound without a
priorities and principles and our examples of good behavior hearer. And similarly, scientific communication is a twoway
can teach our children to take the high road when other roads process. Just as a signal of any kind is useless ① unless it is
look tempting. Remember that children do not learn the values perceived, a published scientific paper (signal) is useless ②
that make up strong character simply by being told about unless it is both received and understood by its intended
7
them. They learn by seeing the people around them act on audience. Thus we can restate the axiom of science as follows:
and uphold those values in their daily lives. Therefore show A scientific experiment is not complete until the results have
your child good examples of life by your action. In our daily been published and understood. Publication is no more than
lives, we can show our children that we respect others. We can pressure waves ③ unless the published paper is understood.
show them our compassion and concern when others are Too many scientific papers fall silently in the woods.
suffering, and our own selfdiscipline, courage and honesty as * axiom: 자명한 이치
we make difficult decisions
9
밑줄 친 부분에는 다음 단어들을 문맥에 맞게 적절하게
7
밑줄 친 them 이 가리키는 것을 찾아 영어로 쓰시오. 배열하시오.

8
필자가 주장하는 바를 영어로 표현할 때, 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 10
① ~ ③ 의 각 빈칸에는 공통으로 적절한 한 단어의 접속사를
적절한 한 단어를 본문에서 찾아 쓰시오. 쓰시오.
When we teach our children, we should set good __________ .
 3
2023 년 9 월 고 1 모의고사 STN 변형 문제

11
22. (A)와 (B)에는 서로 반의어가 될 수 있는 단어들을 각각 12
23. (A) ~ (D)의 각 빈칸에는 문맥상 적절한 단어들을 주어진
주어진 철자로 시작하여 쓰시오. 철자로 시작하여 각각 쓰시오. (단, (A)와 (B)에는 같은 단어가
We all negotiate every day, whether we realise it or not. Yet 들어감에 유의할 것)
few people ever learn how to negotiate. Those who do usually The interaction of workers from different cultural backgrounds
learn the traditional, winlose negotiating style rather than an with the host population might increase productivity due to
approach that is likely to result in a winwin agreement. This positive externalities like knowledge spillovers. This is only an
oldschool, (A) adversarial approach may be useful in a oneoff advantage up to a certain degree. When the variety of
negotiation where you will probably not deal with that person backgrounds is too large, fractionalization may cause excessive
again. However, such transactions are becoming increasingly transaction costs for communication, which may lower
rare, because most of us deal with the same people repeatedly productivity. (A) Diversity not only impacts the labour market,
— our spouses and children, our friends and colleagues, our but may also affect the quality of life in a location. A tolerant
customers and clients. In view of this, it’s essential to achieve native population may value a multicultural city or region
successful results for ourselves and maintain a healthy because of an increase in the range of available goods and
relationship with our negotiating partners at the same time. In services. On the other hand, (B) diversity could be perceived as
today’s (B) interdependent world of business partnerships and an unattractive feature if natives perceive it as a (C) distortion
longterm relationships, a winwin outcome is fast becoming the of what they consider to be their national identity. They might
only acceptable result. even (D) discriminate against other ethnic groups and they
* adversarial: 적대적인 might fear that social conflicts between different foreign
nationalities are imported into their own neighbourhood.
* externality: 외부 효과 ** fractionalization: 분열
 4
2023 년 9 월 고 1 모의고사 STN 변형 문제

다음 글을 읽고 각 물음에 답하시오. 15
29. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지
24. 않은 것은?
We think we are shaping our buildings. But really, our buildings There is a reason the title “Monday Morning Quarterback”
and development are also shaping (A) ________ . One of the exists. Just read the comments on social media from fans
best examples of this is the oldestknown construction: the discussing the weekend’s games, and you quickly see how
ornately carved rings of standing stones at Göbekli Tepe in many people believe they could play, coach, and manage sport
Turkey. Before these ancestors got the idea to ① erect teams more ① successfully than those on the field. This goes
standing stones some 12,000 years ago, they were hunter- for the boardroom as well. Students and professionals with
gatherers. It appears that the erection of the multiple rings of years of training and specialized degrees in sport business may
megalithic stones took so ② long, and so many ③ successful also find themselves being given advice on how to do their
generations, that these innovators were forced to settle down jobs from friends, family, or even total strangers without any ②
to ④ complete the construction works. In the process, they expertise. Executives in sport management have decades of
became the first farming society on Earth. This is an early knowledge and experience in their ③ respectful fields.
example of a society constructing something that ends up However, many of them face ④ criticism from fans and
radically remaking the (B) _________ itself. Things are not so ⑤ community members telling them how to run their business.
different in our own time. Very ⑤ few people tell their doctor how to perform surgery or
* ornately: 화려하게 ** megalithic: 거석의 their accountant how to prepare their taxes, but many people
provide feedback on how sport organizations should be
13
(A)와 (B)의 각 빈칸에 들어갈 적절한 단어들을 문맥을 managed.
고려하여 각각 쓰시오. * boardroom: 이사회실

14
① ~ ⑤ 의 밑줄 친 부분에서 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 어색한
것은?
 5
2023 년 9 월 고 1 모의고사 STN 변형 문제

16
30. 전체 문맥을 고려하여 (A) ~ (C)에 들어갈 적절한 단어들을 다음 글을 읽고 각 물음에 답하시오.
주어진 철자로 시작하여 각각 쓰시오. 31.
While moving is difficult for everyone, it is particularly stressful Many people are terrified to fly in airplanes. Often, this fear
for children. They lose their sense of security and may feel (A) stems from a lack of ① control. The pilot is in ② control, not
disoriented when their routine is disrupted and all that is the passengers, and this lack of ③ control instills fear. Many
familiar is taken away. Young children, ages 3-6, are particularly potential passengers are so afraid they choose to drive great
affected by a move. Their understanding at this stage is quite distances to get to a destination instead of flying. But their
(B) literal , and it is difficult for them to imagine beforehand decision to drive is based solely on emotion, not logic. Logic
a new home and their new room. Young children may have says that statistically, the odds of dying in a car crash are
worries such as “Will I still be me in the new place?” and “Will around 1 in 5,000, while the odds of dying in a plane crash are
my toys and bed come with us?” It is important to establish a closer to 1 in 11 million. If you’re going to take a risk,
balance between validating children’s past experiences and especially one that could possibly involve your wellbeing,
focusing on helping them adjust to the new place. Children wouldn’t you want the odds in your favor? However, most
need to have opportunities to share their backgrounds in a people choose the option that will cause them the least
way that respects their past as an important part of who they amount of anxiety. Pay attention to the thoughts you have
are. This contributes to building a sense of community, which is about taking the risk and make sure you’re basing your
essential for all children, especially those in (C) transition . decision on (A) facts , not just (B) feelings .

17
① ~ ③ 에는 공통의 한 단어를 쓰시오.

18
(A)와 (B)에 들어갈 적절한 단어들을 주어진 철자로 시작하는
복수형 명사로 각각 쓰시오.
 6
2023 년 9 월 고 1 모의고사 STN 변형 문제

다음 글을 읽고 각 물음에 답하시오. 다음 글을 읽고 각 물음에 답하시오.

32. 33.
The famous primatologist Frans de Waal, of Emory University, A key to engagement and achievement is providing students
says humans 19
downplay similarities between us and other with relevant texts they will be interested in. My scholarly work
animals as a way of maintaining our spot at the top of our and my teaching have been deeply influenced by the work of
imaginary ladder. Scientists, de Waal points out, can be some Rosalie Fink. She interviewed twelve adults who were highly
of the worst offenders — employing technical language to successful in their work, including a physicist, a biochemist, and
distance the other animals from us. They call “kissing” in a company CEO. All of them had dyslexia and had had
chimps “mouthtomouth contact”; they call “friends” between significant problems with reading throughout their school
primates “favorite affiliation partners”; they interpret evidence years. While she expected to find that they had avoided
showing that crows and chimps can make tools as being reading and discovered ways to bypass 22
it or compensate with
somehow 20
qualitatively different from the kind of toolmaking other strategies for learning, she found the opposite. “To my
said to define humanity. If an animal can beat us at a cognitive surprise, I found that these dyslexics were enthusiastic
task — like how certain bird species can remember the precise readers...they rarely avoided reading. On the contrary, they
locations of thousands of seeds — they write it off as (A) sought out books.” The pattern Fink discovered was that 24
all of
instinct, not (B) intelligence. This and so many more tricks of her subjects had been passionate in some personal ① interest.
language are what de Waal has termed “linguistic castration.” The areas of ② interest included religion, math, business,
The way we use our tongues to disempower animals, the way science, history, and biography. What mattered was that they
we invent words to maintain our spot at the top. read voraciously to find out more.
* primatologist: 영장류학자 ** affiliation: 제휴 * dyslexia: 난독증 ** voraciously: 탐욕스럽게

19
빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. 22
밑줄 친 it 이 가리키는 것을 찾아 영어로 쓰시오.
① are inclined to mistreat other animals
② respect differences between us and other animals 23
①, ② 에는 문맥상 공통의 한 단어를 쓰시오.
③ search for evidence that they expect to see
④ downplay similarities between us and other animals 24
밑줄 친 문장을 우리말로 해석하시오.
⑤ embrace other animals as family members

20
밑줄 친 부분에는 다음 단어들을 적절하게 배열하여 문맥상 그
의미가 통하도록 하시오.
[ of / from / qualitatively / humanity / said / to / toolmaking /
the kind / different / define ]

21
(A)와 (B)에 들어갈 적절한 단어들을 주어진 철자로 시작하는
적절한 단어들을 각각 쓰시오.
 7
2023 년 9 월 고 1 모의고사 STN 변형 문제

다음 글을 읽고 각 물음에 답하시오. 다음 글을 읽고 각 물음에 답하시오.

34. 35.
For many people, (A) ability refers to intellectual competence, Sensory nerves have specialized endings in the tissues that
so 26
they want everything they do to reflect how smart they pick up a particular sensation. If, for example, you step on a
are — writing a brilliant legal brief, getting the highest grade sharp object such as a pin, nerve endings in the skin will
on a test, writing elegant computer code, saying something transmit the pain sensation up your leg, up and along the
exceptionally wise or witty in a conversation. You could also spinal cord to the brain. While the pain itself is unpleasant, it is
define (B) ability in terms of a particular skill or talent, such as in fact acting as a ① protective mechanism for the foot. Within
how well one plays the piano, learns a language, or serves a the brain, nerves will connect to the area that controls ②
tennis ball. Some people focus on their ability to be attractive, speech , so that you may well shout ‘ouch’ or something
entertaining, up on the latest trends, or to have the newest rather less polite. They will also connect to motor nerves that
gadgets. However ability may be defined, a problem occurs travel back down the spinal cord, and to the muscles in your
when it is the sole determinant of one’s selfworth. The leg that now ③ contract quickly to lift your foot away from
performance becomes the only measure of the person; nothing the painful object. (A) Sensory and (B) motor nerves control
else 27
is taken into [account]. An outstanding performance almost all functions in the body — from the beating of the
means an outstanding person; an average performance means heart to the movement of the gut, sweating and just about
an average person. Period. everything else.
* spinal cord: 척수 ** gut: 장
25
(A)와 (B)에는 전체 문맥을 고려하여 공통의 한 단어를 쓰시오.
28
① ~ ③ 에 들어갈 적절한 단어들을 주어진 철자로 시작하여 각
26
밑줄 친 부분에는 다음 단어들을 적절하게 배열하시오. 자리의 품사에 맞게 각각 쓰시오.
[ want / do / they / they / how / are / smart / reflect / they /
everything / to ] 29
(A)와 (B)에 들어갈 적절한 단어들을 전체 문맥을 고려하여
각각 쓰시오.
27
밑줄 친 부분이 = is taken into consideration 과 같은 뜻이
되도록 괄호 안에 적절한 한 단어를 쓰시오.
 8
2023 년 9 월 고 1 모의고사 STN 변형 문제

다음 글을 읽고 각 물음에 답하시오. 다음 글을 읽고 각 물음에 답하시오.

36. 37.
Maybe you’ve heard this joke: “How do you eat an elephant?” When you pluck a guitar string it moves back and forth
The answer is “one bite at a time.” So, how do you “build” the hundreds of times every second. Naturally, this movement is so
Earth? That’s simple, too: one atom at a time. Atoms are the fast that you cannot see it — you just see the blurred outline
basic building blocks of crystals, and since all rocks are made of the moving string. Strings vibrating in this way on their own
up of crystals, 30
the more you know about atoms, the better. make (A) hardly any noise because strings are very thin and
Crystals come in a variety of shapes that scientists call habits. don’t push much air about. But if you attach a string to a big
Common crystal habits include squares, triangles, and sixsided hollow box (like a guitar body), then the vibration is (B)
hexagons. ( ① ) Usually crystals form when liquids cool, such amplified and the note is heard loud and clear. The vibration of
as when you create ice cubes. ( ② ) Many times, crystals form the string is passed on to the wooden panels of the guitar
in ways that do not allow for perfect shapes. ( ③ ) If conditions body, ① which vibrate back and forth at the same rate as the
are too cold, too hot, or there isn’t enough source material, string. The vibration of the wood creates more powerful waves
they can form strange, twisted shapes. ( ④ ) Usually, this in the air pressure, ② which travel away from the guitar. When
involves a slow, steady environment where the individual atoms the waves reach your eardrums they flex in and out the same
have plenty of time to join and fit perfectly into what’s known number of times a second as the original string.
as the crystal lattice. ( ⑤ ) This is the basic structure of atoms * pluck: (현악기를) 뜯다
that is seen time after time.
32
(A)와 (B)의 밑줄 친 부분에 주어진 철자로 시작하는 적절한
30
밑줄 친 부분에는 the 비교급, the 비교급을 사용하여 다음 단어들을 각각 쓰시오.
우리말을 영작하시오.
여러분은 원자에 대해 더 많이 알수록 더 좋다. 33
밑줄 친 관계대명사 ① which 와 ② which 의 선행사를 각각
찾아 영어로 쓰시오.
31
① ~ ⑤ 에 다음 문장이 들어갈 적절한 곳은?
But when conditions are right, we see beautiful displays.
 9
2023 년 9 월 고 1 모의고사 STN 변형 문제

34
38. (A) ~ (C)의 각 빈칸에는 주어진 철자로 시작하는 적절한 35
39. (A)와 (B)에 들어갈 적절한 단어들을 전체 문맥을
단어들을 각 자리의 품사와 어형에 맞게 각각 쓰시오. 고려하여각각 쓰시오.
Boundaries between work and home are (A) blurring as A “complementary good” is a product that is often consumed
portable digital technology makes it increasingly possible to alongside another product. For example, popcorn is a
work anywhere, anytime. Individuals differ in how they like to complementary good to a movie, while a travel pillow is a
manage their time to meet work and outside responsibilities. complementary good for a long plane journey. When the
Some people prefer to separate or segment roles so that popularity of one product increases, the sales of its
boundary crossings are (B) minimized . For example, these complementary good also increase. By producing goods that
people might keep separate email accounts for work and complement other products that are already (or about to be)
family and try to conduct work at the workplace and take care popular, you can ensure a steady stream of (A) demand for
of family matters only during breaks and nonwork time. We’ve your product. Some products enjoy perfect complementary
even noticed more of these “segmenters” carrying two phones status — they have to be consumed together, such as a lamp
― one for work and one for personal use. Flexible schedules and a lightbulb. However, do not assume that a product is
work well for these individuals because they enable greater perfectly complementary, as customers may not be completely
distinction between time at work and time in other roles. Other locked in to the product. For example, although motorists may
individuals prefer (C) integrating work and family roles all day seem required to purchase gasoline to run their cars, they can
long. This might entail constantly trading text messages with (B) switch to electric cars.
children from the office, or monitoring emails at home and on
vacation, rather than returning to work to find hundreds of
messages in their inbox.
* entail: 수반하다
 10
2023 년 9 월 고 1 모의고사 STN 변형 문제

다음 글을 읽고 각 물음에 답하시오.
40.
It’s not ① news to anyone that we judge others based on their
clothes. In general, studies that investigate these judgments
find that people prefer clothing that matches ② expectations
— surgeons in scrubs, little boys in blue — with one notable
exception. A series of studies published in an article in June
2014 in the Journal of Consumer Research explored observers’
reactions to people who ③ broke established norms only
slightly. In one scenario, a man at a blacktie affair was viewed
as having higher status and competence when wearing a red
bow tie. The researchers also found that valuing uniqueness ④
decreased audience members’ ratings of the status and
competence of a professor who wore red sneakers while giving
a lecture. The results suggest that people judge these slight ⑤
deviations from the (A) norm as positive because they
suggest that the individual is powerful enough to risk the
social costs of such behaviors.

36
① ~ ⑤ 에서 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?

37
위 본문의 (A)와 아래 요약문의 (B)의 빈칸에는 공통의 한
단어를 쓰시오.
▶ A series of studies show that people view an individual
positively when the individual only slightly challenges the (B)
norm for what people should wear.
 11
2023 년 9 월 고 1 모의고사 STN 변형 문제

정답
1
help the experiments → help with the experiments
2
recommend
3
qualified
4
Piece of cake
5
얼마 지나지 않아 나는 내가 꼼짝 못 하게 되었다는 것을 알게 되었다

6
was about two feet above my reach.
7
the values
8
examples
9
there is no one there to hear it fall
10
unless

11
(A) adversarial (B) interdependent
12
(A) Diversity (B) diversity (C) distortion (D) discriminate
13
(A) us (B) society
14
③ successful → successive
15
③ respectful → respective

16
(A) disoriented (B) literal (C) transition.
17
control
18
(A) facts, (B) feelings
19
④
20
qualitatively different from the kind of toolmaking said to define humanity

21
(A) instinct, (B) intelligence
22
reading
23
interest
24
그녀의 실험대상자 모두가 어떤 개인적인 관심사에 열정적이었다
25
ability

26
they want everything they do to reflect how smart they are
27
account
28
① protective ② speech ③ contract
29
(A) Sensory (B) motor
30
the more you know about atoms, the better
31
④
32
(A) hardly (B) amplified
33

① the wooden panels (of the guitar body)

② more powerful waves (in the air pressure)

34
(A) blurring (B) minimized (C) integrating
35
(A) demand (B) switch

36
④
37
norm