DIMENSION OF

GENDER AND
SEXUALITY

By Group 1
 CONTENT
Biological Dimension

1
Male and female
2
Physical
3
Family planning
anatomy and reactions to
physiology sexual stimulus
I) MALE AND FEMALE ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
A. SEX ORGAN
What is Sex Organ?
A sex organ, also known as a reproductive organ, is a
part of an organism that is involved in sexual
reproduction. Sex organs constitute the primary sex
characteristics of an organism. Sex organs are
responsible for producing and transporting gametes, as
well as facilitating fertilization and supporting the
development and birth of offspring.
Erogenous zones (genitals and other parts of the body)
• Body and genital hygiene
Breast and testicle self-examination
EROGENOUS ZONES (GENITALS AND OTHER
PARTS OF THE BODY)
What is Erogenous Zone?
An erogenous zone is any part of the body that can trigger
sexual arousal when touched.
While the genitals are commonly recognized as erogenous
zones, other parts of the body, such as the lips, nipples, neck,
inner thighs, and ears, can also be highly sensitive and
contribute to sexual arousal when stimulated. Each person may
have different erogenous zones and preferences, so
communication and exploration with a partner are essential for
mutual satisfaction.
Body and Genital Hygiene
What is Body and Genital Hygiene?
Body hygiene refers to the practices and habits we
adopt to keep our bodies clean and healthy. This
includes activities like bathing or showering regularly,
using soap or body wash to cleanse the skin, brushing
teeth, washing hands, and keeping nails trimmed.
Good body hygiene helps to prevent the spread of
germs, reduces the risk of infections, and promotes
overall well-being.
Meanwhile, genital hygiene is a broad term that includes hygiene
behaviors and care practices that protect from genital infections,
maintain genital hygiene and improve health. In cases where genital
hygiene is not provided, microorganisms multiply rapidly in this
region and cause reproductive system infections. When these
infections are not treated, they can cause many health problems. In
particular, the susceptibility to infection in this region is increasing
due to the lack of knowledge and misbehavior about it.

Methods to keep Body Hygienic

1. Cleaning your body every day such as taking a shower or a bath.
2. Washing your hands with soap and water after going to the toilet.
3. Brushing and flossing your teeth twice a day.
4. covering your mouth and nose with a tissue (or your sleeve) when sneezing or
coughing.
5. washing your hands after handling pets and other animals.
Breast and testicle self-examination
What is Breast self-examination?
Breast self-examination (BSE) is a screening method used
in an attempt to detect early breast cancer. The method
involves the woman herself looking at and feeling each
breast for possible lumps, distortions or swelling.

How do you self examine your breast?

Using your left hand, move the pads of your 3 middle
fingers around your right breast, covering the entire breast
area and armpit. Use light, medium, and firm pressure to
feel for any new lumps, thickenings, hardened knots, or any
other breast changes. Also squeeze the nipple to check for
discharge.
Breast and testicle self-examination
What is Testicle self-examination?
Testicular self-examination is when you check your testicles for any
abnormalities. It is important to know what feels normal and to be able
to notice any changes. Changes are not always cancer. If it is cancer
and you catch it early, you have the best chance for a cure.

How do you self examine your Testicle

To perform a testicular self-exam, stand naked in front of a mirror. Look
for swelling on the scrotum skin. Using both hands, examine each
testicle by placing index and middle fingers under it and thumbs on top.
Gently roll each testicle between thumbs and fingers, feeling for any
changes in size, shape, or consistency, such as lumps or bumps.
Why are breast and testicle self-
examinations important?
Breast and testicle self-examinations are crucial for early
detection of abnormalities, such as breast cancer or testicular
cancer. Detecting these conditions early greatly improves
treatment outcomes and survival rates. Additionally,
performing these exams regularly empowers individuals to
take control of their health and become familiar with their
bodies, enabling them to promptly seek medical attention if
any changes are detected. These self-examinations play a vital
role in maintaining good health and well-being.
I) MALE AND FEMALE ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
B. REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
What is Reproductive System?
The female reproductive system is made up of the
internal and external sex organs that function in the
reproduction of new offspring. The human female
reproductive system is immature at birth and develops
to maturity at puberty to be able to produce gametes,
and to carry a fetus to full term.
 What is the reproductive system of a female?

A female's internal reproductive organs are the

vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. The
vagina is a muscular, hollow tube that extends from
the vaginal opening to the uterus.
What is the purpose of the gynecologic examination?
To check your sexual and reproductive health.

A pelvic exam can be part of a routine physical exam.

It can find any signs of ovarian cysts, some sexually
transmitted infections, growths of the uterus or early-
stage cancer. The exam also is commonly done
during pregnancy at the first prenatal care visit
What are the basic methods of gynecological
examination?
Physical Examination
External examination.
Speculum examination.
Bimanual examination.
Rectal examination (sometimes)
Andropause is a condition that is associated
with the decrease in the male hormone
testosterone. It is unlike menopause in that
the decrease in testosterone and the
development of symptoms is more gradual
than what occurs in women.
 Menopause is a point in time 12 months after
a woman's last period. The years leading up to
that point, when women may have changes
in their monthly cycles, hot flashes, or other
symptoms, are called the menopausal
transition or perimenopause. The
menopausal transition most often begins
between ages 45 and 55.
II PHYSICAL REACTIONS TO
SEXUAL STIMULUS
A. SEXUAL AROUSAL, ORGASM, SEX DRIVE
What is Sexual Arousal?
Arousal is the feeling of being turned on
sexually. When you're turned on, your body
experiences physical and emotional changes.
Your penis or clitoris may get erect (hard),
engorged, and sensitive, and you may feel
wetness on your vulva or vagina, or on the tip
of your penis.
 What is Orgasm?
Orgasm is what usually happens when you
reach the height of sexual arousal. It
usually feels really good. When you have
an orgasm — aka cum or climax — sexual
tension increases until it reaches a peak,
and pressure in your body and genitals is
released.
What is Sex Drive?
In psychology also known as “Libido” meaning
it is psychic drive or energy, usually conceived
as sexual in nature, but sometimes conceived
as including other forms of desire. The term
libido was originally used by the neurologist
and pioneering psychoanalyst Sigmund
Freud who began by employing it simply to
denote sexual desire.

Sexual dysfunctions (e.g. sexual desire disorders,

erectile dysfunction, orgasm disorders)
 SEXUAL DESIRE
DISORDERS

It is a psychiatric condition marked by a lack

of desire for sexual activity over a prolonged
period.
 ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION
Also known as impotence, is defined by
difficulty getting and keeping an erection.It's
been reported that more than half of men
between the ages of 40 and 70 experience
some form of ED.
 ORGASM DISORDERS
Orgasm disorder happens when you don't
have orgasms, it takes a long time for you to
orgasm, you have orgasms less often than
you'd like, or your orgasms aren't as strong as
you would like, and you feel sad, or worried
about it. It's one of the most common sexual
problems.
 III FAMILY PLANNING
A. FERTILITY CYCLE
What is Fertiility?
The menstrual cycle is a series of natural changes in hormone
production and the structures of the uterus and ovaries of the
female reproductive system that makes pregnancy possible. The
ovarian cycle controls the production and release of eggs and the
cyclic release of estrogen and progesterone. The uterine cycle
governs the preparation and maintenance of the lining of the uterus
(womb) to receive an embryo. These cycles are concurrent and
coordinated, normally last between 21 and 35 days, with a median
length of 28 days, and continue for about 30–45 years.
 How long does a fertility cycle
take?
•4-6 weeks
Pregnancy and trimesters of
pregnancy?
Pregnancy is the term used to describe the
period in which a fetus develops inside a
woman's womb or uterus. Pregnancy usually
lasts about 40 weeks, or just over 9 months,
as measured from the last menstrual period
to delivery. Health care providers refer to
three segments of pregnancy, called
trimesters.
 Pregnancy is roughly divided into 3
stages known as trimesters of about 3
months each :

•first trimester – conception to 12 weeks.

•second trimester – 13 to 27 weeks.
•third trimester – 28 to 40 weeks
B. CONTRACEPTION:
METHODS AND USE
What is Contraception?
Contraception is the act of preventing
pregnancy. This can be a device, a
medication, a procedure or a behavior.
Contraception allows a woman control of her
reproductive health and affords the woman
the ability to be an active participant in her
family planning.
 DIFFERENT TYPES OF CONTRACEPTION

1.)Barrier methods-work by creating a literal barrier against pregnancy.

Example: Condoms

2.) Hormonal contraception-contains hormones — either estrogen and progestin or

progestin only — that prevent pregnancy by stopping ovulation.

Example: The Pills

3.) IUDs
•are sometimes called long-acting, reversible contraceptives because your OBGYN or
gynecologist places one inside the uterus and removes it when you want to get pregnant.

4.)PERMANENT CONTRACEPTION
•may be the right choice if you choose not to have children or have finished growing your
family.
 OBSTACLES TO CONTRACEPTION

FEAR

Fear was noted by nearly all school adolescents and

health workers as a critical barrier to using
contraception. Fear was one category under the
individual-related barrier that further subcategorises
into two, fear of side effects and fear of being judged
by family and friends.
• Fear of side effects

Both categories of study participants indicated that

adolescents are afraid of infertility if they use
hormonal contraceptives. Furthermore, many are
concerned that contraceptives would alter their
body’s appearance, making them too thin or too
obese, and induce menstrual irregularities.
Fear of being judged by family and friends
School adolescents fear being judged by their
parents and friends if they take contraceptives
like Implanon or oral tablets. According to a key
informant participant, they gossip about and
discriminate against her if they find out she uses
contraception.
 •FEAR OF
HEALTHWORKERS
Both adolescents and health professionals reported
that adolescents fear health professionals since most
are unpleasant and judgemental and may divulge
information to their parents. Consequently,
adolescents want to leave the health centre as soon as
they take contraception or without it. They even deny
having sex until a laboratory test confirms they are
pregnant because they fear health workers.
•Religious beliefs
Religious beliefs, according to both kinds of study
participants, are a barrier to contraceptive use since
practically everyone in the study area values religious
beliefs and advocates for abstinence before marriage,
and views contraception as a bad thing. Moreover,
adolescents who desire contraception before
marriage are considered sinful and repulsive.
 THE MOST COMMON METHODS
CONTRACEPTION OF WOMEN
REPORTED CURRENTLY USING.

•Female sterilization
•The pill
.The male condom
•Long Acting Reversible
Contraception
 MORNING AFTER PILL

The 'morning after' pill is a type of emergency

contraception. It is sometimes called 'Plan B'.
Emergency contraception can be used to reduce the
risk of pregnancy. While it is called the morning after
pill, some types can be taken up to 5 days after
unprotected sex.
 ELECTIVE ABORTION

The term elective abortion or voluntary abortion

describes the interruption of pregnancy before
viability at the request of the woman, but not for
medical reasons. Most abortions done today are
elective, and thus, it is one of the most frequently
performed medical procedures.
Thank
you!!