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GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC WASHIM

A MICRO PROJECT REPORT ON :

“ Collect detailed information of robotics ”

Submitted by:
Roll no. Name Enrollment no.
21 Roshan S Deshmukh 2100310235
22 Samir B Gaurave 2100310237
23 Rudra K Khandelwal 2100310240
24 Kanta A Mate 2100310241
25 Ketan R Kashte 2200310495

PRINCIPAL GUIDED BY
Dr. B.G. Gawalwad Mr. B.S. Raut
(Ph.D in ME) (Lect. In Me Dept.)
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DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

2023-24

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC WASHIM

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Mr./Ms________________________________________
Roll No._____ of Department of Mechanical Engineering has completed this
Micro Project of the subject EMERGING TRENDS IN MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING (22652) within four walls of the institute.

Date: / /2024

Place: Washim

Dr. B.G. Gawalwad Mr. B. S. Raut

(Principle) (Lect. of Mech Dept.)
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INTRODUCTION
Robotics is an interdisciplinary field that integrates computer
science, engineering, and various other disciplines to design, build,
and operate robots. These machines, often inspired by living
organisms or human behaveior, are programmed to carry out tasks
autonomously or semi-autonomously. This report provides a
detailed examination of robotics, covering its history, applications,
key components, challenges, and future prospects.

HISTORY OF ROBOTICS
The roots of robotics can be traced back to ancient civilizations
where rudimentary automated machines were developed for tasks
like irrigation or entertainment. However, modern robotics began to
take shape in the mid-20th century with the introduction of
programmable computers and advancements in electronics.
Significant milestones include the development of the Unimate, the
first industrial robot, in 1961, and the subsequent rapid expansion
of robotics across industries.
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KEY COMPONENTS OF ROBOTICS

1. Actuators: These are the components responsible for motion in

robots. Examples include motors, hydraulics, and pneumatics.
2. Sensors: Sensors provide robots with feedback from the
environment, enabling them to perceive and react to their
surroundings. Types of sensors include cameras, lidar, ultrasonic
sensors, and touch sensors.
3. Control Systems: Control systems manage the operation of
robots, interpreting sensor data and sending commands to actuators.
They can be simple microcontrollers or complex artificial
intelligence algorithms.
4. End Effectors: These are the tools or attachments at the end of a
robot arm used to interact with the environment. Grippers, welders,
and drills are common examples.

APPLICATIONS OF ROBOTICS

1. Manufacturing: Robotics has revolutionized manufacturing

processes, enhancing efficiency, precision, and safety in tasks such
as welding, assembly, and packaging.
2. Healthcare: Robots are increasingly used in healthcare for tasks
like surgery, patient care, and medication dispensing, improving
accuracy and reducing the risk of human error.
3. Agriculture: Agricultural robots assist with tasks such as
harvesting, planting, and monitoring crops, contributing to
increased productivity and sustainability.
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4. Exploration: Robots play a vital role in space exploration, deep-

sea exploration, and exploration of hazardous environments, where
they can operate in conditions unsuitable for humans.
5. Domestic and Personal Use: Robotic vacuum cleaners, lawn
mowers, and personal assistants are becoming more prevalent in
households, simplifying everyday tasks.

APPLICATIONS OF ROBOTICS IN VARIOUS

INDUSTRIES

1. Manufacturing Industry:
- Industrial Robots: These are the most common type of robots
used in manufacturing. They perform tasks such as welding,
painting, assembly, and material handling.
- Collaborative Robots (Cobots): Designed to work alongside
humans, cobots enhance productivity and safety in manufacturing
by assisting with tasks that require human dexterity and decision-
making.
- Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs): AGVs are mobile robots
used for material transportation in manufacturing facilities,
warehouses, and distribution centers, optimizing logistics and
reducing manual labor.
- 3D Printing Robots: Also known as additive manufacturing
robots, these machines build three-dimensional objects layer by
layer from digital designs, offering flexibility and customization in
manufacturing processes.
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2. Healthcare Industry:
- Surgical Robots: Robotic surgical systems assist surgeons in
performing minimally invasive procedures with enhanced precision
and control, reducing patient trauma and recovery time.
- Rehabilitation Robots: Used in physical therapy and
rehabilitation, these robots help patients regain mobility and motor
function through guided exercises and assistance.
- Telepresence Robots: These robots enable remote medical
consultations and patient monitoring, allowing healthcare
professionals to interact with patients and colleagues from a
distance.

3. Agriculture Industry:
- Harvesting Robots: Robotic harvesters automate the process of
picking fruits, vegetables, and crops, increasing efficiency and
reducing labor costs.
- Precision Farming Robots: Equipped with sensors and imaging
technology, precision farming robots monitor crop health, optimize
irrigation, and apply fertilizers or pesticides with precision, leading
to higher yields and resource conservation.
- Autonomous Tractors and Farm Vehicles: Self-driving tractors
and farm vehicles autonomously plow fields, plant seeds, and
perform other tasks, freeing up human labor and improving
agricultural productivity.
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4. Automotive Industry:
- Assembly Line Robots: These robots perform repetitive
assembly tasks such as welding, painting, and parts installation in
automotive manufacturing plants, ensuring consistent quality and
efficiency.
- Robotic Inspection Systems: Automated inspection robots use
sensors and vision systems to detect defects, ensuring product
quality and compliance with safety standards.
- Material Handling Robots: Autonomous mobile robots transport
materials and components within automotive factories, optimizing
logistics and reducing cycle times.

5. Logistics and Warehousing Industry:

- Warehouse Automation Robots: These robots automate tasks
such as picking, packing, and sorting in warehouses and fulfillment
centers, streamlining order fulfillment processes and reducing order
processing times.
- Parcel Delivery Robots: Autonomous delivery robots navigate
urban environments to deliver packages to customers' doorsteps,
offering last-mile delivery solutions for e-commerce companies and
logistics providers.
- Inventory Management Robots: Inventory robots use sensors
and RFID technology to track inventory levels, locate items, and
optimize warehouse space utilization, improving inventory
accuracy and operational efficiency.
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6. Construction Industry:
- Robotic Bricklayers: These robots lay bricks or blocks with
precision and speed, reducing labor costs and increasing
construction efficiency.
- Demolition Robots: Demolition robots equipped with
specialized tools and attachments safely dismantle structures and
remove debris in hazardous environments, minimizing risks to
human workers.
- Autonomous Construction Vehicles: Self-driving excavators,
bulldozers, and other construction vehicles autonomously perform
earthmoving and site preparation tasks, improving construction
productivity and safety.

7. Retail Industry:
- Service Robots: Service robots assist customers in retail stores
by providing information, guiding them to specific products, and
processing payments, enhancing the shopping experience and
reducing the need for human assistance.
- Inventory Management Robots: Inventory robots scan store
shelves to monitor product availability, identify out-of-stock items,
and replenish inventory, ensuring optimal stock levels and reducing
lost sales opportunities.
- Cleaning Robots: Autonomous floor-cleaning robots vacuum
and mop retail store floors during off-hours, maintaining cleanliness
and hygiene without human supervision.
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CHALLENGES IN ROBOTICS
1. Safety: Ensuring the safety of humans working alongside robots
remains a significant challenge, particularly in dynamic
environments.
2. Autonomy: Achieving true autonomy in robots, where they can
adapt to unforeseen circumstances without human intervention, is
still a work in progress.
3. Ethical Considerations: As robots become more autonomous and
capable, ethical questions surrounding their use, such as job
displacement and decision-making in critical situations, need to be
addressed.
4. Cost: The initial cost of implementing robotic systems can be
prohibitive for some industries, although this is gradually
decreasing with advancements in technology.

FUTURE PROSPECTS
The future of robotics holds immense promise, with ongoing
advancements in artificial intelligence, materials science, and
human-robot interaction. Key areas of focus include:
- Soft Robotics: Development of robots with soft, flexible materials
that mimic biological organisms, enabling safer interactions with
humans and delicate objects.
- Collaborative Robots (Cobots): These are robots designed to work
alongside humans, assisting in tasks that require human dexterity
and intelligence.
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- Autonomous Vehicles: The development of self-driving cars,

drones, and other autonomous vehicles has the potential to
revolutionize transportation and logistics.
- Medical Robotics: Continued advancements in medical robotics,
including minimally invasive surgery and rehabilitation robotics,
could significantly improve healthcare outcomes.

CONCLUSION
Robotics continues to evolve rapidly, transforming industries and
reshaping the way we live and work. With ongoing technological
advancements and interdisciplinary collaboration, the potential
applications of robotics are virtually limitless. However, addressing
challenges such as safety, autonomy, and ethics will be crucial in
ensuring that robotics benefits society as a whole. As we look to the
future, robotics will undoubtedly play a central role in driving
innovation and progress across various domains.

REFERENCES
1. https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/robotics-introduction/

2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robotics

3. https://builtin.com/robotics

4. https://www.britannica.com/technology/robotics