Great Learning AS Project

Problem 1
A physiotherapist with a male football team is interested in studying the relationship between
foot injuries and the positions at which the players play from the data collected.
Striker Forward Attacking Midfielder Winger Total
Players Injured 45 56 24 20 145
Players Not Injured 32 38 11 9 90
Total 77 94 35 29 235
Based on the above data, answer the following questions.

1.1 What is the probability that a randomly chosen player would suffer an injury?
Solution: Total injured players/total players, 145/235 = 0.61
1.2 What is the probability that a player is a forward or a winger?
Solution: Probability to be forward = 94/235 = 0.4

Probability to be a winger = 29/235 = 0.123
Probability to be a forward or a winger = 0.4+0.123 = 0.523
1.3 What is the probability that a randomly chosen player plays in a striker position and has
a foot injury?
Solution: Probability to be striker with foot injury = 45/77 = 0.58
1.4 What is the probability that a randomly chosen injured player is a striker?
Solution: 45/145 = 0.31
Problem 2
The breaking strength of gunny bags used for packaging cement is normally distributed with
a mean of 5 kg per sq. centimeter and a standard deviation of 1.5 kg per sq. centimeter. The
quality team of the cement company wants to know the following about the packaging
material to better understand wastage or pilferage within the supply chain; Answer the
questions below based on the given information; (Provide an appropriate visual
representation of your answers, without which marks will be deducted)
2.1 What proportion of the gunny bags have a breaking strength of less than 3.17 kg per sq
cm?
Solution: Normal cumulative distribution function (3.17, 5, 1.5) is 0.111
Proportion of the gunny bags have a breaking strength less than 3.17 kg per sq cm is 0.1112
2.2 What proportion of the gunny bags have a breaking strength of at least 3.6 kg per sq
cm.?
Solution: proportion of the gunny bags have a breaking strength of at least 3.6 per kg sq cm
is 0.888
2.3 What proportion of the gunny bags have a breaking strength between 5 and 5.5 kg per
sq cm.?
Solution: Proportion of the gunny bags have a breaking strength between 5 and 5.5 kg per
sq. cm is 0.130
2.4 What proportion of the gunny bags have a breaking strength NOT between 3 and 7.5 kg
per sq cm.?
Solution: Proportion of the gunny bags have a breaking strength not between 3 and 7.5 Kg
per sq.cm is 0.139
Problem 3
Zingaro stone printing is a company that specializes in printing images or patterns on
polished or unpolished stones. However, for the optimum level of printing of the image, the
stone surface has to have a Brinell's hardness index of at least 150. Recently, Zingaro has
received a batch of polished and unpolished stones from its clients. Use the data provided to
answer the following (assuming a 5% significance level);
3.1 Zingaro has reason to believe that the unpolished stones may not be suitable for
printing. Do you think Zingaro is justified in thinking so?
Solution: Reject the null hypothesis. The unpolished stones may not meet the minimum
hardness requirement.
3.2 Is the mean hardness of the polished and unpolished stones the same?
Solution: Unpolished mean: 134.1

Polished and Treated mean: 147.7
Since the means are not same, hardness of polished and unpolished stones are not the
same.
Problem 4
Dental implant data: The hardness of metal implants in dental cavities depends on multiple
factors, such as the method of implant, the temperature at which the metal is treated, the
alloy used as well as the dentists who may favor one method above another and may work
better in his/her favorite method. The response is the variable of interest.
4.1 How does the hardness of implants vary depending on dentists?
Solution: Ho = there is no significant difference in the implant hardness among the dentist
Ha= there is a significant difference in the implant hardness among the dentist
Conclusion: Fail to reject the null hypothesis

There is no significant difference in implant hardness among the dentists.
4.2 How does the hardness of implants vary depending on methods?

Solution: #Ho: There is no significant difference in implant hardness among the methods.
#Ha: There is significant difference in implant hardness among the methods.
Conclusion: Reject the null hypothesis.

There is a significant difference in implant hardness among the methods.
4.3 What is the interaction effect between the dentist and method on the hardness of dental
implants for each type of alloy?
Solution:
4.4 How does the hardness of implants vary depending on dentists and methods together?
Solution:

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Problem 1

Striker Forward Attacking Midfielder Winger Total

Players Injured 45 56 24 20 145

Players Not Injured 32 38 11 9 90

Based on the above data, answer the following questions.

1.2 What is the probability that a player is a forward or a winger?

Solution: Probability to be forward = 94/235 = 0.4

Solution: Probability to be striker with foot injury = 45/77 = 0.58

Solution: 45/145 = 0.31

Solution: Unpolished mean: 134.1

4.1 How does the hardness of implants vary depending on dentists?

Conclusion: Fail to reject the null hypothesis

4.2 How does the hardness of implants vary depending on methods?

Conclusion: Reject the null hypothesis.

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