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    Exp 8 Lab Report

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    SEHLACWI

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    Exp 8 Lab Report

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    79 views7 pages

    Exp 8 Lab Report

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    SEHLACWI

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    You are on page 1of 7

    DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY

    CHE 244
    Experiment No: 8
    Experiment Title: Solubility and thermodynamics
    Surname: Sebetlela

    First name: Atsile

    ID number: 202108439

    Day: Thursday
    Date of experiment 23 February 2023
    Partner’s name and ID: BABUSI 202106775
    SIMASIKU 202102426
    SUMMARY OF PROCEDURE
    20G OF KNO3 was weighed using a top pan balance then transferred into a large clean test-
    tube (25 x 200mm) .15 ml of distilled water was added into it then boiled in a water bath
    whilst stirring until all the KNO3 has dissolved. The volume of KNO3 was determined
    instantly by filling a large test tube with the same dimensions with water until the liquid
    levels of both the tubes were the same. The test tube with KNO3 solution was removed from
    the water bath and allowed to cool whilst slowly stirring the solution continuously. A
    thermometer was inserted to the solution to record the temperature of the crystals at first
    appearance. 5ml of distilled water was added to the test tube and warmed until the solids all
    dissolved and the volume was recorded like before. The test tube was taken out of the water
    bath again and cooled while stirring until the crystals reappeared, the temperature was then
    recorded. A water bath was of use in the formation of crystals. The cycle was repeated 7
    times with 5ml of distilled water being added until a crystallization point temperature near
    temperature was reached.
    ANALYSIS OF DATA
    SAMPLE CALCULATIONS
    Average volume= (29.0+ 30.1+35.9+ 39.1+41.1+40.1+43.4) / 7
    =37.0ml

    Average temperature= (65.6 +58.8+56.2+49.9+46.8+42.9+38.7)/ 7

    = 51.30C

    CALCULATIONS FOR THERMODYNAMICS QUANTITIES


    1) S (mol/L)
    Moles of KNO3= mass/ molar mass
    =20.00g / 101.11g/mol
    =0.1978mol
    S= moles/volume
    =0.1978mol/ (37.0 x 10-3)
    =5.35
    2) Keq = s2
    =28.6
    3) Average T (K) = 51.3 + 273.15
    =324.5K
    4) ∆G = -RT ln K = -( 8.314J K mol x 324.5K x In (28.1)
    At 324.5K, ∆G =8.9 x 103
    -1
    5) T = 1/324.5K
    =0.003082 K-1
    6) In K = ln (28.1)
    =3.34
    1/T AGAINST In K
    3.9

    3.8 f(x) = − 1857.67141251405 x + 9.24944064568504


    R² = 0.543931126309325

    3.7

    3.6

    3.5

    3.4
    ln K

    3.3

    3.2

    3.1

    2.9
    0.0029 0.00295 0.003 0.00305 0.0031 0.00315 0.0032 0.00325

    T⁻ᶦ
    DETERMINATION OF ∆H AND ∆S

    ∆G= ∆H - T∆S
    Gradient = -slope/ R
    = - (-1857.7) /8.3145
    =223.3
    ∆S= (∆G -∆H) / -T
    = (-8.9 X103 - 223.3) / -324.5
    = 28.1 K-1

    T(K) ∆G(J mol-1) ∆S( J mol-1 K)


    1 51.3 8.9 x103 28.1
    2 55.4 1.0 x 104 31.1
    3 40.4 8.5 x103 27.8
    4 47.2 7.5 x104 23.4
    5 68.2 1.9 x104 56.4
    6 44.1 9.6 x103 31.0
    7

    7. The reaction is endothermic because the value of change in enthalpy is positive.


    8. Crystallisation decreases the entropy because heat is being releases in the system
    therefore increasing the entropy of the universe.
    DISCUSSION
    The reaction of potassium nitrate and water is usually endothermic, and this corresponds to
    the results obtained in the experiment as the value of change enthalpy is positive thus
    showing an endothermic reaction. The experiment was less accurate as there was a difference
    between the value in the R value in the experiment and literature value.
    The were some experimental errors that could have happened during the experiment like the
    reaction time when measuring the temperature when the crystals appeared. Another error
    might have been the method used to measure the volume of the solution which was subject to
    errors like parallax error which arises when taking the reading below the meniscus of a liquid.
    CONCLUSION
    The ∆H of the reaction was found to be 223.3KJ/ mol and the Gibbs (∆G) and
    entropy(∆S) were also found.

    REFERENCES

    Atkins, P. W. and Beran, J. A., (2002), General Chemistry, 3rd ed., Freeman
    publishers, New York, USA.

    Shashashiri, B, Z (1989) Chemical demonstrations, vol 3 University of Wisconsin


    Madison, P 269

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