TEACHER EARVIE MAÑALAC

At the end of the lesson, the

students are expected to:

a. Identify the elements of

fiction;
b. Differentiate the modes of
fiction; and
c. Distinguish the elements of
fiction present in a story.
TRY TO REMEMBER!
WHAT IS FICTION?
 Fiction is a prose
narrative form of
writing that
Fiction is a product
recreates life
of the writer’s
imaginatively and
imagination.
creatively using
different elements
and techniques.
• Dialogue and
Thought
• Action
• Description
• Exposition
DIALOGUE AND Example:
THOUGHT “Hey, you look nice
in that dress” Mike
It is character- said.
centered since it
reveals something “Is it right to feel
more about the butterflies in my
character. stomach?” Mary
said to herself.
 ACTION Example:
This pertains to the Mary accidentally
movements and dropped her
gestures of the things in front of
characters that Mike. They both
make the story picked it up and
suddenly
more appealing to everything was in
the reader. slow motion.
 DESCRIPTION Example:

This mode focuses Mary looked at

Mike and noticed
on providing his sparkling brown
explanations on eyes. His black
the details of the smooth hair
person, place, or smelled like flowers.
He was wearing
thing. Mary’s favorite
color, yellow.
 Example:
EXPOSITION
Mary liked Mike
This refers to the ever since they
character’s details were kids. Mike’s
given by the narrator. favorite food is fish
Sometimes, this can be balls and we would
background always share back
information about the then. He loves to
character, a flashback, share his food. His
or flash-forward.
kindness is one of
the things I like.
• Narrator
• Setting
• Plot
• Character
• Atmosphere
• Tone
• Style
• Dialogue
• Theme
• Symbol
• NARRATOR / Types of
NARRATION VOICE Narration Voice
It answers the • OMNISCIENT
question “Who is telling • LIMITED OMNISCIENT
the story?” Also known • FIRST PERSON
as POINT OF VIEW. • OBJECTIVE OR
DRAMATIC
 Types of
Narration Voice • FIRST PERSON – the
pronoun “I” is used since
• OMNISCIENT - The the narration focuses on
narrator’s knowledge the personal point-of-
view.
is “all-knowing”
• OBJECTIVE OR DRAMATIC –
• LIMITED OMNISCIENT
opposite of the
- the narrator is not
omniscient where the
able to “see or know”
narrator only must rely on
all
external action and
dialogue
2. SETTING 3. PLOT
this element answers this pertains to the series
the questions of events and actions
that arise in the story.
“Where?”, “When”,
“What circumstance?” a. Conflict - Complication
and “What cultural or “Exciting” Force
content? (If there is Man vs. Man
any)” Man vs. Nature
Man vs. Society
Man vs. Self
Man vs. Man Man vs. Nature
 Man vs. Self
Man vs. Society
b. Divisions of the Plot c. Flashback - shows
Climax
action in the past
d. Foreshadowing -
anticipates or predicts
the outcome of the
struggle or conflict
Diversion
e. Resolution
Exposition
Types of Resolution
Happy Ending
Tragic or Unhappy
Ending Open
f. Suspense - usually 4. CHARACTER
produced by mystery. It
answers the question: CHARACTER DEVELOPMENT
“What is going to – is the change that a
happen?” character undergoes from
the beginning of a story to
g. Deus ex Machina (God the end.
of the Machine) – a plot
device wherein a CHARACTERIZATION – the
character or an object process of presenting and
suddenly appears to help introducing the characters.
the solve the problem.
a. Flat - one-dimensional c. Static – can either be round or
character flat character, yet they do not
change in the story.

b. Round – a complex, fully- d. Dynamic – a developing

developed character which is character who changes or grows
usually prone to change to a new awareness of life
Function of Character b. Antagonist – the character with
whom the protagonist is engaged
in a struggle
a. Protagonist – the
principal figure in the story

d. Foil – usually ordinary and static

5. ATMOSPHERE/MOOD – the
dominant emotion or feeling 7. STYLE – refers to the
that spreads through the distinct qualities of the
story author’s work that sets it
Ex: apart from another’s

6. TONE – the narrator’s

attitude toward his subject
and audience
8. DIALOGUE – the verbal 9. THEME- this is the
exchanges between central idea dominating in
characters. a literary work.

10. SYMBOL – anything that

has a deeper meaning
beyond itself
TEACHER EARVIE MAÑALAC
TEACHER EARVIE MAÑALAC
 • Allusion
• Analogy
• Aphorism
These are language • Hyperbole
techniques used by • Imagery
writers to make a • Irony
text more artistically • Metaphor
• Paradox
appealing,
• Personification
interesting, and clear
• Symbol
• Understatement
 Ex:
1. ALLUSION • Don’t be a Grinch and
enjoy the holidays with
reference in one story your family. (Dr. Seuss’
to a well-known The Grinch)
• Meryl played fairy
character or event godmother when she
from another story, turned Joyce into a prom
history, or place queen. (Cinderella’s fairy
godmother)
• Her mom warned her not
to lie lest her nose will
grow longer. (Pinocchio)
 2. ANALOGY • Ex:

• “She’s as blind as a
comparing one thing
bat.”
to another very
• “You have to be as
different thing to busy as a bee to get
explain it better good grades in high
school.”
• “Finding that lost dog
will be like finding a
needle in a haystack.”
 3. APHORISM • Ex:

• “It is better to be safe

a brief statement
than sorry.”
expressing some
• “Every cloud has a
truth as shown in a silver lining.”
story; it can be a • “Early to bed, early to
moral, or proverb, or rise makes a man
maxim. healthy, wealthy, and
wise.”
 4. HYPERBOLE Ex:

• I could eat a horse

obvious exaggeration
• I was dying of
which not meant to
laughter
be taken literally • I could sleep forever
• I love you more than
forever
• I ran a hundred
miles yesterday
 5. IMAGERY Ex:
• “The bark on the tree
mental pictures
was rough and
which are created by brown”.
descriptions of the • The sun was a giant
senses, so that we orange orb in the sky.
can see and feel what • The wind whistled
the character is through the trees.
experiencing • The soup tasted like a
warm hug in a bowl.
 Ex:
6. IRONY
a contrast between • if it were a cold, rainy
the expected gray day, you might
outcome and the say, “What a
beautiful day!”
actual way things
• if you were suffering
turn out
from a bad bout of
food poisoning, you
might say, “Wow, I
feel great today.”
 7. METAPHOR Ex:

a suggested • He's a couch

comparison between potato.
two unlike things in • She's got a heart
order to point out a of gold.
similarity; a • That party was
the bomb.
metaphor DOES NOT
• Money is the root
use the word like, as, of all evil.
or than.
 8. PARADOX Ex:
• Save money by
a statement that spending it.
reveals a kind of truth • If I know one thing,
although at first it it's that I know
seems to be self- nothing.
contradictory and • This is the beginning
untrue of the end.
• Deep down, you're
really shallow.
9. PERSONIFICATION Ex:

a description in which • My hair stood on

an object (or animal, or end.
idea, or force of nature) • The sun kissed my
takes on human cheeks.
characteristics or • My heart danced.
• The wind howled.
actions
• The last piece of
cake called my
name.
 10. SYMBOL Ex:
• A heart = love, life and
any person, object, or vitality.
action that has • A black cat =
additional meaning superstition and
beyond itself deviousness.
• A snake = evilness and
trickery.
• A clock = the passage
of time, or time being
lost.
 Ex:
11. UNDERSTATEMENT
• Someone who won a
when the author gold medal says "not a
big deal."
presents something
• An expert on black
as less significant holes might say "I
know a bit about black
holes"
• trying to be polite or
avoid conflict says
"Well, that's a
controversial opinion."
 • Dramatic Irony
• Situational Irony
• Verbal Irony
deliberate
• Creative License
construction of • Epiphany
language used by • Foreshadowing
writers to convey • Parallelism
meaning. These are • Stream of
not necessarily consciousness
present in every text. • Symbolism
1. DRAMATIC IRONY Ex:
• a character leaning
when the reader on the balcony right
knows things that the before the ship hits
characters in the the iceberg says,
story do not "It's so beautiful I
could just die."
 2. SITUATIONAL Ex:
IRONY • A fire station burns
down.
when the outcome of • A marriage counselor
the situation is files for divorce.
opposite to what is • The police station gets
expected robbed.
• A post on Facebook
complains about how
useless Facebook is.
3. VERBAL IRONY Ex:
• "The cake is as soft
where the meaning is as concrete"
intended to be the • “Water is as clear as
exact opposite of mud"
what the words • A weatherman
actually mean saying “It's not like I
know about when
it's going to rain
next.”
 exaggeration or
alteration of
objective facts or
4. CREATIVE
reality for the
LICENSE purpose of
enhancing meaning
in a fictional context.
 5. EPIPHANY Ex:
• It’s a normal day in
the moment when a class when Mary trips
character is suddenly on her shoelace and
struck with a life- falls down. As she
changing realization embarrassedly stands
which changes the up blushing and finds
her desk, Ryan
rest of the story
realizes he is in love
with her.
6. FORESHADOWING Ex:
• “Wouldn’t it be
future events in the funny if it rained
story are suggested the day of the big
by the author game?”
• “I swear I’ll never
work at a grocery
store ever again!”
 7. PARALLELISM Ex:
• The famous line
use of similar or by Julius Caesar
identical language, of "I came, I saw,
structures, events or I conquered"
ideas in different
parts of a text
 8. STREAM OF 9. SYMBOLISM
CONSCIOUSNESS The use of specific
a style or technique objects or images to
of writing that shows represent abstract
ideas. A symbol must
the natural flow of a
be something tangible
character's extended
or visible, while the idea
thought process
it symbolizes must be
something abstract or
universal.
TEACHER EARVIE MAÑALAC