Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry

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Q.1. Find the distance between the following pairs of points:

(i) (2, 3), (4, 1) (ii) (−5, 7), (−1, 3) (iii) (a, b), (− a, − b)
Ans.(i) Distance between the two points is given by

√(𝑥1 − 𝑥2 )2 + (𝑦1 − 𝑦2 )2
Therefore, distance between (2,3) and (4,1) is given by
𝑙 = √(2 − 4)2 + (3 − 1)2 = √(−2)2 + (2)2

= √4 + 4 = √8 = 2√2
(ii) Distance between (-5,7) and (-1,3) is given by

2
𝑙 = √(−5 − (−1)) + (7 − 3)2 = √(−4)2 + (4)2
= √16 + 16 = √32 = 4√2
(iii) Distance between (a,b) and (-a,-b) is given by

2 2
𝑙 = √(𝑎 − (−𝑎)) + (𝑏 − (−𝑏))
= √(2𝑎)2 + (2𝑏)2 = √4𝑎2 + 4𝑏 2 = 2√𝑎2 + 𝑏 2
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Q.2. Determine if the points (1, 5), (2, 3) and (− 2, − 11) are collinear.
Ans. Let the points (1, 5), (2, 3), and (−2, −11) be representing the vertices A, B, and C of the
given triangle respectively.
Let A= (1, 5), B= (2, 3), C= (−2, −11)
∴ 𝐴𝐵 = √(1 − 2)2 + (5 − 3)2 = √5
𝐵𝐶 = √(2 − (−2))2 + (3 − (−11))2 = √42 + 142 = √16 + 196 = √212
𝐶𝐴 = √(1 − (−2))2 + (5 − (−11))2 = √32 + 162 = √9 + 256 = √265
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝐴𝐵 + 𝐵𝐶 ≠ 𝐶𝐴.
Therefore, the points (1, 5), (2, 3), and (−2, −11) are not collinear.
Q.3. Check whether (5, − 2), (6, 4) and (7, − 2) are the vertices of an isosceles triangle.
Ans. Let the points (5, −2), (6, 4), and (7, −2) are representing the vertices A, B, and C of the
given triangle respectively.
𝐴𝐵 = √(5 − 6)2 + (−2 − 4)2 = √(−1)2 + (−6)2 = √1 + 36 = √37
𝐵𝐶 = √(6 − 7)2 + (4 − (−2))2 = √(−1)2 + (6)2 = √1 + 36 = √37
𝐶𝐴 = √(5 − 7)2 + (−2 − (−2))2 = √(−2)2 + 02 = 2
Therefore, AB=BC
As two sides are equal in length, therefore, ABCis an isosceles triangle.
Q.4. Find the values of y for which the distance between the points P (2, − 3) and Q (10, y)
is 10 units.
Ans. It is given that the distance between (2, −3) and (10, y) is 10.
Therefore, √(2 − 10)2 + (−3 − y)2 = 10
√(−8)2 + (−3 − y)2 = 10
64 + (y + 3)2 = 100
(y + 3)2 = 36
(y + 3) = ±6
y + 3 = 6 or y + 3 = −6
Therefore, y = 3 or -9

Q.5. If Q (0, 1) is equidistant from P (5, − 3) and R (x, 6), find the values of x. Also find the
distance QR and PR.
Ans. PQ = QR
√(5 − 0)2 + (−3 − 1)2 = √(0 − x)2 + (1 − 6)2
√(5)2 + (−4)2 = √(−x)2 + (−5)2
√25 + 16 = √x 2 + 25
41 = x 2 + 25
16 + x 2
𝑥 = ±4
Therefore, point R is (4, 6) or (−4, 6).
When point R is (4, 6),
𝑃𝑅 = √(5 − 4)2 + (−3 − 6)2 = √12 + (−9)2 = √1 + 81 = √82
𝑄𝑅 = √(0 − 4)2 + (1 − 6)2 = √(−4)2 + (−5)2 = √16 + 25 = √41
When point R is (−4, 6),
𝑃𝑅 = √(5 − (−4))2 + (−3 − 6)2 = √92 + (−9)2 = √81 + 81 = 9√2
𝑄𝑅 = √(0 − (−4))2 + (1 − 6)2 = √(4)2 + (−5)2 = √16 + 25 = √41
Q.6. Find a relation between x and y such that the point (x, y) is equidistant from the point
(3, 6) and (− 3, 4).
Ans. Point (x, y) is equidistant from (3, 6) and (−3, 4).
∴ √(x − 3)2 + (y − 6)2 = √(x − (−3))2 + (y − 4)2
√(x − 3)2 + (y − 6)2 = √(x + 3)2 + (y − 4)2
(x − 3)2 + (y − 6)2 = (x + 3)2 + (y − 4)2
x 2 + 9 − 6𝑥 + y 2 + 36 − 12𝑦 = x 2 + 9 + 6𝑥 + y 2 + 16 − 8𝑦
36 − 16 = 6𝑥 + 6𝑥 + 12𝑦 − 8𝑦
20 = 12𝑥 + 4𝑦
3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 5
3𝑥 + 𝑦 − 5 = 0
Q.7. Find the area of the triangle whose vertices are:

(i) (2, 3), (− 1, 0), (2, − 4) (ii) (− 5, − 1), (3, − 5), (5, 2)
Ans. (i) Area of a triangle is given by
1
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 = {𝑥1 (𝑦2 − 𝑦3 ) + 𝑥2 (𝑦3 − 𝑦1 ) + 𝑥3 (𝑦1 − 𝑦2 )}
2

1
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 = [2{0 − (−4)} + (−1){(−4) − (3)} + 2(3 − 0)]
2
1
{8 + 7 + 6}
=
2
21
= 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
2
1
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 = [(−5){(−5) − (2)} + 3(2 − (−1)) + 5{−1 − (−5)}]
2
(ii)
1
{35 + 9 + 20}
2
= 32 Square units
Q.8. In each of the following find the value of ‘k’, for which the points are collinear.
(i) (7, − 2), (5, 1), (3, − k) (ii) (8, 1), (k, − 4), (2, − 5)
Ans. (i) For collinear points, area of triangle formed by them is zero.
Therefore, for points (7, −2) (5, 1), and (3, k), area = 0
1
[7{1 − 𝑘} + 5{𝑘 − (−2)} + 3{(−2) − 1}] = 0
2
7 − 7𝑘 + 5𝑘 + 10 − 9 = 0
−2𝑘 + 8 = 0
𝑘=4
(ii) For collinear points, area of triangle formed by them is zero.
Therefore, for points (8, 1), (k, −4), and (2, −5), area = 0
1
8{−4 − (−5)} + 𝑘{(−5) − (1)} + 2{1 − (−4)}] = 0
2
8 − 6𝑘 + 10 = 0
6𝑘 = 18
𝑘=3
Q.9. Determine the ratio in which the line 2x + y − 4 = 0 divides the line segment joining the
points A(2, − 2) and B(3, 7)
Ans. Let the given line divide the line segment joining the points A(2, −2) and B(3, 7) in a ratio
k : 1.
3𝑘 + 2 7𝑘 − 2
𝐶𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 = ( , )
𝑘+1 𝑘+1
This point also lies on 2x + y − 4 = 0

3𝑘 + 2 7𝑘 − 2
∴ 2( )+( )−4= 0
𝑘+1 𝑘+1
6𝑘 + 4 + 7𝑘 − 2 − 4𝑘 − 4
⇒ =0
𝑘+1
⇒ 9𝑘 − 2 = 0
2
⇒𝑘=
9
Therefore, the ratio in which the line 2x + y − 4 = 0 divides the line segment joining the
points A(2, −2) and B(3, 7) is 2:9.
Q.10. Find a relation between x and y if the points (x, y), (1, 2) and (7, 0) are collinear.
Ans. If the given points are collinear, then the area of triangle formed by these points will be 0.
1
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 = {𝑥1 (𝑦2 − 𝑦3 ) + 𝑥2 (𝑦3 − 𝑦1 ) + 𝑥3 (𝑦1 − 𝑦2 )}
2
1
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = [𝑥(2 − 0) + 1(0 − 𝑦) + 7(𝑦 − 2)]
2
1
0 = [2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 7𝑦 − 14]
2
1
0 = [2𝑥 + 6𝑦 − 14]
2
2𝑥 + 6𝑦 − 14 = 0
𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 7 = 0
This is the required relation between x and y.
Q.11. Find the centre of a circle passing through the points (6, − 6), (3, − 7) and (3, 3).
Ans. Let O (x, y) be the centre of the circle. And let the points (6, −6), (3, −7), and (3, 3) be
representing the points A, B, and C on the circumference of the circle.
∴ 𝑂𝐴 = √(x − 6)2 + (y + 6)2
𝑂𝐵 = √(x − 3)2 + (y + 7)2
𝑂𝐴 = √(x − 3)2 + (y − 3)2
However OA=AB (Radii of the same circle)
⇒ √(x − 6)2 + (y + 6)2 = √(x − 3)2 + (y + 7)2
⇒ x 2 + 36 − 12𝑥 + y 2 + 36 + 12𝑦 = x 2 + 9 − 6𝑥 + y 2 + 49 + 14𝑦
⇒ −6𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 14 = 0
⇒ 3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 7 …1
Similarly, OA=OC (Radii of the same circle)
⇒ √(x − 6)2 + (y + 6)2 = √(x − 3)2 + (y + 7)2

⇒ x 2 + 36 − 12𝑥 + y 2 + 36 + 12𝑦 = x 2 + 9 − 6𝑥 + y 2 + 9 − 6𝑦
⇒ −6𝑥 + 18𝑦 + 54 = 0
⇒ −3𝑥 + 9𝑦 = −27 …2
On adding equation (1) and (2), we obtain
10y = −20
y = −2
From equation (1), we obtain
3x − 2 = 7
3x = 9
x=3
Therefore, the centre of the circle is (3, −2).
Q.12. Find the value of a when the distance between the points (3, a) and (4, 1) is √𝟏𝟎.
Ans. We have P 3, a and Q4,1
Here,
𝑥1 = 3, 𝑦1 = 𝑎
𝑥2 = 4, 𝑦2 = 1
𝑃𝑄 = √10
𝑃𝑄 = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2
⇒ √10 = √(4 − 3)2 + (1 − a)2
⇒ √10 = √(1)2 + (1 − a)2
⇒ √10 = √1 + 1 + a2 − 2𝑎 [∴ (𝑎 − b)2 = a2 + b2 − 2𝑎𝑏]
⇒ √10 = √2 + a2 − 2𝑎
Squaring both sides
2 2
⇒ (√10 ) = (√2 + a2 − 2𝑎)
⇒ 10 = 2 + a2 − 2𝑎
⇒ a2 − 2𝑎 + 2 − 10 = 0
⇒ a2 − 2𝑎 − 8 = 0
Splitting the middle team.
⇒ a2 − 4𝑎 + 2𝑎 − 8 = 0
⇒ 𝑎(𝑎 − 4) + 2(𝑎 − 4) = 0
⇒ (𝑎 − 4)(𝑎 + 2) = 0
⇒ 𝑎 = 4, 𝑎 = −2

Q.13. If the points (2, 1) and (1, -2) are equidistant from the point (x, y) from (-3, 0) as well
as from (3, 0) are 4.
Ans. We have P2,1 and Q1, 2  and R X,Y 
Also, PR = QR
𝑃𝑅 = √(x − 2)2 + (y − 1)2
⇒ 𝑃𝑅 = √𝑥 2 + (2)2 − 2𝑥𝑥 × 2 + 𝑦 2 + (1)2 − 2 × 𝑦 × 1
⇒ 𝑃𝑅 = √𝑥 2 + 4 − 4𝑥 + 𝑦 2 + 1 − 2𝑦
⇒ 𝑃𝑅 = √𝑥 2 + 5 − 4𝑥 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑦
𝑄𝑅 = √(x − 1)2 + (y + 2)2
⇒ 𝑃𝑅 = √𝑥 2 + 1 − 2𝑥 + 𝑦 2 + 4 + 4𝑦
⇒ 𝑃𝑅 = √𝑥 2 + 5 − 2𝑥 + 𝑦 2 + 4𝑦
∴ 𝑃𝑅 = 𝑄𝑅
⇒ √𝑥 2 + 5 − 4𝑥 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑦 = √𝑥 2 + 5 − 2𝑥 + 𝑦 2 + 4𝑦
⇒ 𝑥 2 + 5 − 4𝑥 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 5 − 2𝑥 + 𝑦 2 + 4𝑦
⇒ −4𝑥 + 2𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 4𝑦 = 0
⇒ −2𝑥 − 6𝑦 = 0
⇒ −2(𝑥 + 3𝑦) = 0
0
⇒ 𝑥 + 3𝑦 =
−2
⇒ 𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 0
Hence proved
Q.14. Prove that the points A (1, 7), B (4, 2), C (−1, −1) and D (−4, 4) are the vertices of a
square.
Ans. Let A 1,7), B( 4,2) , C(-1,-1  and D4,4 be the given point. One way of showing that
ABCD is a square is to use the property that all its sides should be equal and both its
diagonals should also be equal
Now,
𝐴𝐵 = √(1 − 4)2 + (7 − 2)2 = √9 + 25 = √34
𝐵𝐶 = √(4 + 1)2 + (2 + 1)2 = √25 + 9 = √34
𝐶𝐷 = √(−1 + 4)2 + (−1 − 4)2 = √9 + 25 = √34

𝐷𝐴 = √(1 + 4)2 + (7 − 4)2 = √25 + 9 = √34
𝐴𝐶 = √(1 + 1)2 + (7 + 1)2 = √4 + 64 = √68
𝐵𝐷 = √(4 + 4)2 + (2 − 4)2 = √64 + 4 = √68

Since, AB=BC=CD=DA and AC=BD all the four sides of the quadrilateral ABCD
are equal and its diagonals AC and BD are also equal. Therefore, ABCD is a square
Q.15. Prove that the points (3, 0) (6, 4) and (-1, 3) are vertices of a right angled isosceles
triangle.
Ans. Let A 3,0) , B (6,4  and C 1,3 be the given points
𝐴𝐵 = √(6 − 3)2 + (4 − 0)2
⇒ 𝐴𝐵 = √(3)2 + (4)2
⇒ 𝐴𝐵 = √9 + 16
⇒ 𝐴𝐵 = √25
𝐵𝐶 = √(−1 − 6)2 + (3 − 4)2
⇒ 𝐵𝐶 = √(−7)2 + (−1)2
⇒ 𝐵𝐶 = √49 + 1
⇒ 𝐵𝐶 = √50
𝐴𝐶 = √(−1 − 3)2 + (3 − 0)2
⇒ 𝐴𝐶 = √(−4)2 + (3)2
⇒ 𝐴𝐶 = √16 + 9
⇒ 𝐴𝐶 = √25

2
𝐴𝐵 2 = (√25)
⇒ 𝐴𝐵 2 = 25
𝐴𝐶 2 = 25
2
𝐵𝐶 2 = (√50)
𝐵𝐶 2 = 50
Since 𝐴𝐵 2 + 𝐴𝐶 2 = 𝐵𝐶 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐴𝐶
∴ 𝐴𝐵𝐶 is a right angled isosceles triangle
Q.16. Prove that the points (2, 3), (-4, -6) and (1, 3/2) do not form a triangle.
Ans. Let A 2,3), B (-4,-6  and C 1,3 / 2 be the given points
𝐴𝐵 = √(−4 − 2)2 + (−6 − 3)2
⇒ 𝐴𝐵 = √(−6)2 + (−9)2
⇒ 𝐴𝐵 = √36 + 81
⇒ 𝐴𝐵 = √117
2
3
𝐵𝐶 = √(1 + 4)2 + ( + 6)
2
15 2
⇒ 𝐵𝐶 = √(5)2 + ( )
2
225
⇒ 𝐵𝐶 = √25 +
4
325
⇒ 𝐵𝐶 = √
4
⇒ 𝐵𝐶 = √8125
3 2
√ 2
𝐴𝐶 = (2 − 1) + (3 − )
2

3 2
⇒ 𝐴𝐶 = √(1)2 + ( )
2
9
⇒ 𝐴𝐶 = √1 +
4
13
⇒ 𝐴𝐶 = √
4
⇒ 𝐴𝐶 = √3.25
We know that for a triangle sum of two sides is greater than the third side Here AC + BC
is not greater than AB.
ABC is not triangle
Q.17. Prove that the points (— 2, 5), (0, 1) and (2, — 3) are collinear.
Ans. Let A 2,5), B (0,1  and C2, -3  be the given points
𝐴𝐵 = √(0 + 2)2 + (1 − 5)2
⇒ 𝐴𝐵 = √4 + (−4)2
⇒ 𝐴𝐵 = √4 + 16
⇒ 𝐴𝐵 = √20
⇒ 𝐴𝐵 = 2√5
𝐵𝐶 = √(2 − 0)2 + (−3 − 1)2
⇒ 𝐵𝐶 = √(2)2 + (−4)2
⇒ 𝐵𝐶 = √4 + 16
⇒ 𝐵𝐶 = √20
⇒ 𝐵𝐶 = 2√5
𝐴𝐶 = √(2 + 2)2 + (−3 − 5)2
⇒ 𝐴𝐶 = √(4)2 + (−8)2
⇒ 𝐴𝐶 = √16 + 64

⇒ 𝐴𝐶 = √80
⇒ 𝐴𝐶 = 4√5
Since AB+ BC =AC
Hence A 2,5), B (0,1, and C2, -3  are collinear
Q.18. Find the value of k, if the point P (0, 2) is equidistant from (3, k) and (k, 5).
Ans. Let the point P0, 2 is equidistant from A 3,k  and k,5
𝑃𝐴 = 𝑃𝐵
𝑃𝐴2 = 𝑃𝐵 2
(3 − 0)2 + (𝑘 − 2)2 = (𝑘 − 0)2 + (5 − 2)2
⇒ 9 + 𝑘 2 + 4 − 4𝑘 = 𝑘 2 + 9
⇒ 9 + 𝑘 2 + 4 − 4𝑘 = 𝑘 2 − 9 = 0
⇒ 4 − 4𝑘 = 0
⇒ −4𝑘 = −4
⇒𝑘=1
Q.19. If two opposite vertices of a square are (5, 4) and (1, —6), find the coordinates of its
remaining two vertices.
Ans. Let ABCD be a square and let A5,4 and C1, -6 be the given points.
Let  x, y  be the coordinates of B.
𝐴𝐵 = 𝐵𝐶
𝐴𝐵 2 = 𝐵𝐶 2
(𝑥 − 5)2 + (𝑦 − 4)2 = (𝑥 − 1)2 + (𝑦 + 6)2
⇒ 𝑥 2 + 25 − 10𝑥 + 𝑦 2 + 16 − 8𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 1 − 2𝑥 + 𝑦 2 + 36 + 12𝑦
⇒ 𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 + 𝑦 2 − 8𝑦 − 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 𝑦 2 − 12𝑦 = 1 + 36 − 25 − 16
⇒ −8𝑥 − 20𝑦 = −4
⇒ −8𝑥 = 20𝑦 − 4
20𝑦 − 4
⇒𝑥=
−8

4(5𝑦 − 1)
⇒𝑥=
−8
5𝑦 − 1
⇒𝑥=
−2
1 − 5y
⇒𝑥= …1
2
In right triangle ABC
𝐴𝐵 2 + 𝐵𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐶 2
(𝑥 − 5)2 + (𝑦 − 4)2 + (𝑥 − 1)2 + (𝑦 + 6)2 = (5 − 1)2 + (4 + 6)2
⇒ 𝑥 2 + 25 − 10𝑥 + 𝑦 2 + 16 − 8𝑦 + 𝑥 2 + 1 − 2𝑥 + 𝑦 2 + 36 + 12𝑦 = 16 + 100
⇒ 2𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2 − 12𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 116 − 78
⇒ 2𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2 − 12𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 38
⇒ 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 6𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 19
⇒ 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 6𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 19 = 0 …2
Substituting the value of x form (1) in (2), we get
1 − 5y 2 1 − 5y
( ) + 𝑦2 − 6 ( ) + 2𝑦 − 19 = 0
2 2
(1 − 5y)2
⇒ + 𝑦 2 − 3(1 − 5𝑦) + 2𝑦 − 19 = 0
2
1 + 25𝑦 2 − 10𝑦
⇒ + 𝑦 2 − 3 + 15𝑦 + 2𝑦 − 19 = 0
4
1 + 25𝑦 2 − 10𝑦 + 4𝑦 2 − 12 + 60𝑦 + 8𝑦 − 76
⇒ =0
4
⇒ 29𝑦 2 + 58𝑦 − 87 = 0
⇒ 𝑦 2 + 2𝑦 − 3 = 0
⇒ 𝑦 2 + 3𝑦 − 𝑦 − 3 = 0
⇒ 𝑦(𝑦 + 3) − 1(𝑦 + 3) = 0
⇒ (𝑦 + 3)(𝑦 − 1) = 0
⇒ 𝑦 = −3, 𝑦 = 1
Substituting y  3 and y 1 in equation (1), we get
1 − 5(−3)
𝑥=
2

1 + 15
⇒𝑥=
2
⇒𝑥=8
1 − 5(1)
𝑥=
2
1−5
⇒𝑥=
2
4
⇒𝑥=−
2
⇒ 𝑥 = −2
Hence, the required vertices of the square are 2,1 and 8, 3).
Q.20. Find a point on the x-axis which is equidistant from the points (7, 6) and (—3, 4).
Ans. Let A7,6 and B3,4 be the given points.
Let P x.0 be the point on x-axis such that PA=PB
𝑃𝐴 = 𝑃𝐵
(𝑥 − 7)2 + (0 − 6)2 = (𝑥 = 3)2 + (0 − 4)2
⇒ 𝑥 2 + 49 − 14𝑥 + 36 = 𝑥 2 + 9 + 6𝑥 + 16
⇒ 𝑥 2 − 14 − 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 = 9 + 16 − 36 − 49
⇒ −20𝑥 = −60
⇒𝑥=3
 The point on x-axis is 3,0).
Q.21. Find the point on x-axis which is equidistant from the points (—2, 5) and (2,—3).
Ans. Let A2,5 and 2, 3  be the given points.
Let  x,0 be the point on x-axis
Such that PA=PB
𝑃𝐴 = 𝑃𝐵
(𝑥 + 2)2 + (0 − 5)2 = (𝑥 − 2)2 = (0 + 3)2

⇒ 𝑥 2 + 4 + 4𝑥 + 25 = 𝑥 2 + 4 − 4𝑥 + 9
⇒ 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 = 4 + 9 − 4 − 25
⇒ 8𝑥 = −16
⇒ 𝑥 = −2
 The point on x-axis is 2,0
Q.22. Find the points of trisection of the line segment joining the points: (i) (5, —6) and (—
7, 5),
(ii) (3, —2) and (—3, —4)
(iii) (2, —2) and (—7, 4).
Ans. (i) Let P and Q be the point of trisection of AB i.e., AP= PQ= QB
Therefore, P divides AB internally in the ratio of 1:2, thereby applying section formula,
the coordinates of P will be
1(−7) + 2(5) 1(5) + 2(−6) −7
( ),( ) 𝑖. 𝑒. , (1, )
1+2 1+2 3
Now, Q also divides AB internally in the ratio of 2:1 there its coordinates are
2(−7) + 1(5) 2(5) + 1(−6) 4
( ),( ) 𝑖. 𝑒. , (−3, )
1+2 2+1 3
(ii)
Let P, Q be the point of tri section of AB i.e.,
AP= PQ= QB
Therefore, P divides AB internally in the ratio of 1:2

Hence by applying section formula, Coordinates of P are

1(−3) + 2(3) 1(−4) + 1(−2) −8

(( ), ) , 𝑖. 𝑒. , (1, )
1+2 1+2 3
Now, Q also divides as internally in the ratio of 2:1

So, the coordinates of Q are
2(−3) + 1(3) 2(−4) + 1(−2) −10

(( ), ) , 𝑖. 𝑒. , (−1, )
2+1 2+1 3
Let P and Q be the points of trisection of AB i.e., AP=PQ=OQ
Therefore, P divides AB internally in the ratio 1 : 2. Therefore, the coordinates of P, by

applying the section formula, are
1(−7) + 2(2) 1(4) + 2(−2)

(( ),( )) , 𝑖. 𝑒. , (−1,0)
1+2 1+2
Now, Q also divides AB internally in the ration 2 : 1. So, the coordinates of Q are
2(−7) + 1(2) 2(4) + 1(2)
( , ) , 𝑖. 𝑒. , (−4,2)
2+1 2+1
Q.23. If A (—1, 3), B (1, —1) and C (5, 1) are the vertices of a triangle ABC, find the
length of the median through A
Ans.
Let A 1,3), B (1,1 and C 5,1 be the vertices of triangle ABC and let AD be the median through
A.

Since, AD is the median, D is the mid-point of B

1 + 5 −1 + 1
∴ 𝐶𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐷 𝑎𝑟𝑒 ( , ) = (3,0)
2 2
𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 𝐴𝐷 = √(3 + 1)2 + (0 − 3)2
= √(4)2 + (−3)2
= √16 + 9
= √25
= 5 𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
Q.24. If the coordinates of the mid-points of the sides of a triangle be (3, —2), (—3, 1) and
(4, — 3), then find the coordinates of its vertices.
Ans.
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝐴(𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ), 𝐵(𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶(𝑥3 , 𝑦3 ) 𝑏𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶

𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝐷(3, −2), 𝐸(−3,1)𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐹(4, −3)be the midpoint of sides BC, CA , and AB respectively
Since, D is the midpoint of BC
𝑥2 + 𝑥3 𝑦2 + 𝑦3
∴ = 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 = −2
2 2
⇒ 𝑥2 + 𝑥3 = 6 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦2 + 𝑦3 = −4 … (𝑖)
Similarly, E and F are the midpoint of CA and AB respectively.
𝑥1 + 𝑥3 𝑦1 + 𝑦3
∴ = −3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 = −2
2 2

⇒ 𝑥1 + 𝑥3 = −6 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦1 + 𝑦3 = 2 … (𝑖𝑖)
And,
𝑥1 + 𝑥2 𝑦1 + 𝑦2
∴ = 4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 = −3
2 2
⇒ 𝑥1 + 𝑥2 = 8 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦1 + 𝑦2 = −6 … (𝑖𝑖𝑖)
From (i), (ii) and (iii), we have
𝑥2 + 𝑥3 + 𝑥1 + 𝑥3 + 𝑥1 + 𝑥2 = 6 + (−6) + 8 𝑎𝑛𝑑
𝑦2 + 𝑦3 + 𝑦1 + 𝑦3 + 𝑦1 + 𝑦2 = −4 + 2 − 6
⇒ 2(𝑥1 + 𝑥2 + 𝑥3 ) = 8 𝑎𝑛𝑑 2(𝑦1 + 𝑦2 + 𝑦3 ) = −8
⇒ 𝑥1 + 𝑥2 + 𝑥3 = 4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦1 + 𝑦2 + 𝑦3 = −4 … (𝑖𝑣)
From (i) and (iv)
𝑥1 + 6 = 4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦1 − 4 = −4
⇒ 𝑥1 = −2 ⇒ 𝑦1 = 0
So, the coordinates of A are 2,0
From (ii) and (iv)
𝑥3 + 8 = 4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦3 − 6 = −4
⇒ 𝑥3 = −4 ⇒ 𝑦3 = 2
So, the coordinates of C are 4,2
Hence, the vertices of ABC are A 2,0), B(10,6  and C4,2).
Q.25. Find the area of the triangle formed by joining the mid-points of the sides of the
triangle whose vertices are (0, − 1), (2, 1) and (0, 3). Find the ratio of this area to the
area of the given triangle. Answer:

Let the vertices of the triangle be A (0, −1), B (2, 1), C (0, 3).
Let D, E, F be the mid-points of the sides of this triangle. Coordinates of D, E, and F are
given by
0 + 2 −1 + 1
𝐷=( , ) = (1,0)
2 2
0+0 3−1
𝐸=( , ) = (0,1)
2 2
2+0 3+1
𝐹=( , ) = (1,2)
2 2
1
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 = {𝑥 (𝑦 − 𝑦3 ) + 𝑥2 (𝑦3 − 𝑦1 ) + 𝑥3 (𝑦1 − 𝑦2 )}
2 1 2
1
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 ∆𝐷𝐸𝐹 = {1(2 − 1) + 1(1 − 0) + 0(0 − 2)}
2
1
= (1 + 1) = 1 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡
2
1
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 = [0(1 − 3) + 2{3 − (−1)} + 0(−1 − −1)]
2
1
= {8} = 4 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡
2
Therefore, required ratio = 1:4
Q.26. Find the distance between the following pair of points:

(i) 6,7 and   1, 5
(ii) a+b, b+c) and a-b, c-b
(iii) a sin , b cos    and a cos , b sin  
(iv) a,0 and 0,b
Ans. (i) we have P(-6,7) and Q(-1,-5)
Here,
𝑥1 = −6, 𝑦1 = 7 𝑎𝑛𝑑
𝑥2 = −1, 𝑦2 = −5
𝑃𝑄 = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2
𝑃𝑄 = √[−1 − (−6)]2 + (−5 − 7)2
𝑃𝑄 = √(−1 + 6)2 + (−5 − 7)2

𝑃𝑄 = √(5)2 + (−12)2
𝑃𝑄 = √25 + 144
𝑃𝑄 = √169
𝑃𝑄 = 13
(ii) We have P(a+b,b+c) and Q(a-b,c-b) here,
𝑥1 = 𝑎 + 𝑏, 𝑦1 = 𝑏 + 𝑐 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥2 = 𝑎 − 𝑏, 𝑦2 = 𝑐 − 𝑏
𝑃𝑄 = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2
𝑃𝑄 = √[𝑎 − 𝑏 − (𝑎 + 𝑏)]2 + (𝑐 − 𝑏 − 𝑏 − 𝑐)2
𝑃𝑄 = √(𝑎 − 𝑏 − 𝑎 − 𝑏)2 + (𝑐 − 𝑏 − 𝑏 − 𝑐)2
𝑃𝑄 = √(−2𝑏)2 + (−2𝑏)2
𝑃𝑄 = √4𝑏 2 + 4𝑏 2
𝑃𝑄 = √8𝑏 2
𝑃𝑄 = √42𝑏 2
𝑃𝑄 = 2√2𝑏
(iii) we have P a sin , -b cos    and Q a cos , b sin   here
𝑥1 = 𝑎 sin  , 𝑦1 = −𝑏 cos  and
𝑥2 = 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑠 , 𝑦2 = 𝑏 𝑠𝑖𝑛 
𝑃𝑄 = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2
𝑃𝑄 = √(−𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑠  − 𝑎 sin )2 + [−𝑏 𝑠𝑖𝑛  − (−𝑏 cos )]2

𝑃𝑄
= √(−𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑠 )2 + (−𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛 )2 + 2(−𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑠 )(−𝑎 sin )+(𝑏 sin )2 + (−𝑏 cos )2 + 2(𝑏 𝑠𝑖𝑛 )(−𝑏 cos )
𝑃𝑄 = √𝑎2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2  + 𝑎2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2  + 2𝑎2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 sin + 𝑏 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2  + 𝑏 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2  + 2𝑏 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 cos
𝑃𝑄 = √𝑎2 × 1 + 2𝑎2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 sin𝑏 2 + 𝑏 2 × 1 + 2𝑏 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 cos [∵ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2  + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2  = 1]
𝑃𝑄 = √𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 2𝑎2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 sin𝑏 2 + 2𝑏 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 cos
𝑃𝑄 = √(𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 ) + 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 sin(𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 )
𝑃𝑄 = √(𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 ) (1 + 2 cos  sin )

(iv) We have P  a ,0 and Q 0,b 

Here,
𝑃𝑄 = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2
𝑃𝑄 = √(0 − 𝑎)2 + (𝑏 − 0)2
𝑃𝑄 = √(−𝑎)2 + (𝑏)2
𝑃𝑄 = (𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 )

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CBSE 10th Coordinate geometry Solved Paper

Q.1. Find the distance between the following pairs of points:

Ans.(i) Distance between the two points is given by

𝑙 = √(2 − 4)2 + (3 − 1)2 = √(−2)2 + (2)2

(ii) Distance between (-5,7) and (-1,3) is given by

= √16 + 16 = √32 = 4√2

(iii) Distance between (a,b) and (-a,-b) is given by

= √(2𝑎)2 + (2𝑏)2 = √4𝑎2 + 4𝑏 2 = 2√𝑎2 + 𝑏 2

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Q.7. Find the area of the triangle whose vertices are:

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𝐴𝐵 = √(1 − 4)2 + (7 − 2)2 = √9 + 25 = √34

𝐵𝐶 = √(4 + 1)2 + (2 + 1)2 = √25 + 9 = √34

𝐶𝐷 = √(−1 + 4)2 + (−1 − 4)2 = √9 + 25 = √34

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𝐷𝐴 = √(1 + 4)2 + (7 − 4)2 = √25 + 9 = √34

𝐴𝐶 = √(1 + 1)2 + (7 + 1)2 = √4 + 64 = √68

𝐵𝐷 = √(4 + 4)2 + (2 − 4)2 = √64 + 4 = √68

Ans. Let A 3,0) , B (6,4  and C 1,3 be the given points

𝐴𝐵 = √(6 − 3)2 + (4 − 0)2

𝐵𝐶 = √(−1 − 6)2 + (3 − 4)2

𝐴𝐶 = √(−1 − 3)2 + (3 − 0)2

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𝐴𝐵 = √(−4 − 2)2 + (−6 − 3)2

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𝐴𝐵 = √(0 + 2)2 + (1 − 5)2

𝐵𝐶 = √(2 − 0)2 + (−3 − 1)2

𝐴𝐶 = √(2 + 2)2 + (−3 − 5)2

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Therefore, P divides AB internally in the ratio of 1:2

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1(−3) + 2(3) 1(−4) + 1(−2) −8

Now, Q also divides as internally in the ratio of 2:1

2(−3) + 1(3) 2(−4) + 1(−2) −10

Let P and Q be the points of trisection of AB i.e., AP=PQ=OQ

Therefore, P divides AB internally in the ratio 1 : 2. Therefore, the coordinates of P, by

1(−7) + 2(2) 1(4) + 2(−2)

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Since, AD is the median, D is the mid-point of B

𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝐴(𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ), 𝐵(𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶(𝑥3 , 𝑦3 ) 𝑏𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶

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Q.26. Find the distance between the following pair of points:

𝑃𝑄 = √[−1 − (−6)]2 + (−5 − 7)2

𝑃𝑄 = √(−1 + 6)2 + (−5 − 7)2

𝑃𝑄 = √[𝑎 − 𝑏 − (𝑎 + 𝑏)]2 + (𝑐 − 𝑏 − 𝑏 − 𝑐)2

𝑃𝑄 = √(𝑎 − 𝑏 − 𝑎 − 𝑏)2 + (𝑐 − 𝑏 − 𝑏 − 𝑐)2

𝑃𝑄 = √(−𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑠  − 𝑎 sin )2 + [−𝑏 𝑠𝑖𝑛  − (−𝑏 cos )]2

𝑃𝑄 = √𝑎2 × 1 + 2𝑎2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 sin𝑏 2 + 𝑏 2 × 1 + 2𝑏 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 cos [∵ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2  + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2  = 1]

𝑃𝑄 = √𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 2𝑎2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 sin𝑏 2 + 2𝑏 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 cos

𝑃𝑄 = √(𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 ) + 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 sin(𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 )