Edexcel IAL P2 Exercise 2C (Solution)

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Exercise 2C

1 a (=
x1 , y1 ) (=3, 2 ) , r 4
So ( x − 3) + ( y − 2 ) =
2 2
42
( x − 3) + ( y − 2 ) =
2 2
16

b ( x1 , y1 ) = ( −4,5) , r = 6
So ( x − ( −4 ) ) + ( y − 5 ) =62
2 2

( x + 4 ) + ( y − 5) =
2 2
36

c ( x1 , y1 ) =( 5, −6 ) , r =2 3

( )
2
So ( x − 5 ) + ( y − ( −6 ) ) = 2 3
2 2

( 3)
2
( x − 5) + ( y + 6 )
2 2
22
=

( x − 5) + ( y + 6 ) =
2 2
4×3
( x − 5) + ( y + 6 ) = 12
2 2

( x1 , y1 )
d= (=
2a, 7 a ) , r 5a
So ( x − 2a ) + ( y − 7 a ) =( 5a )
2 2 2

( x − 2a ) + ( y − 7 a ) =
2 2
25a 2

e ( −2
( x1 , y1 ) = )
2, −3 2 , r =
1

( ( )) + ( y − ( −3 2 ))
2 2
So x − −2 2 =12

(x + 2 2) +( y +3 2)
2 2
1
=

( x + 5) + ( y − 4 ) =
2 2
2 a 92

( x − ( −5) ) + ( y − 4 )2 =92
2

The centre of the circle is (–5, 4) and the radius is 9.

( x − 7 ) + ( y − 1) =
2 2
b 16
( x − 7 ) + ( y − 1) =
2 2
42
The centre of the circle is (7, 1) and the radius is 4.

( x + 4) + y2 =
2
c 25

( x − ( −4 ) ) + ( y − 0 )2 =52
2

The centre of the circle is (–4, 0) and the radius is 5.

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( x + 4a ) + ( y + a ) =
2 2
2 d 144a 2

( x − ( −4a ) ) + ( y − ( −a ) ) =(12a )2
2 2

The centre of the circle is (–4a, –a) and the radius is 12a.

( ) ( )=
2 2
e x −3 5 + y+ 5 27

( x − 3 5 ) + ( y − ( − 5 )) =( )
2 2 2
27
Now=
27 9×3
= 9× 3 =
3 3
(
The centre of the circle is 3 5, − 5 and the radius is 3 3. )
3 a Substitute x = 4, y = 8 into (x – 2)2 + (y – 5)2 = 13
(x – 2)2 + (y – 5)2 = (4 – 2)2 + (8 – 5)2 = 22 + 32 = 4 + 9 = 13 
So the circle passes through (4, 8).

b Substitute x = 0, y = –2 into (x + 7)2 + (y – 2)2 = 65


(x +7)2 + (y – 2)2 = (0 + 7)2 + (–2 – 2)2 = 72 + (–4)2 = 49 + 16 = 65 
So the circle passes through (0, –2).

c Substitute x = 7, y = –24 into x2 + y2 = 252


x2 + y2 = 72 + (–24)2 = 49 + 576 = 625 = 252 
So the circle passes through (7, –24).

d Substitute x = 6a, y = –3a into (x – 2a)2 + (y + 5a)2 = 20a2


(x – 2a)2 + (y + 5a)2 = (6a – 2a)2 + (–3a + 5a)2 = (4a)2 + (2a)2 = 16a2 + 4a2 = 20a2 
So the circle passes through (6a, –3a).

(
) + ( y − 5 ) =( 2 10 )
2 2 2
e Substitute x =5, y =
− 5 into x − 3 5

( ) ( 5) = ( 5 − 3 5 ) + (− 5 − 5 ) = ( −2 5 ) + ( −2 5 )
2 2 2 2 2 2
x −3 5 + y−

40 ( 40 )
2
= 4×
= 5 + 4 × 5 20 =
+ 20 =
Now
= 40 4 ×10
= 4 × 10 =
2 10 
So the circle passes through ( 5, − 5 . )
4 The radius of the circle is
( 4 − 8) + ( ( −2 ) − 1)
2
( x2 − x1 ) + ( y2 − y1 ) =
2 2 2

= 42 + 32
= 16 + 9
= 25
=5

The centre of the circle is (8, 1) and the radius is 5.


So (x – 8)2 + (y – 1)2 = 52
or (x – 8)2 + (y – 1)2 = 25
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5 P (5, 6) and Q (−2, 2)
The centre of the circle is
 x1 + x2 y1 + y2   5 + ( −2 ) 6 + 2   3 8   3 
 , =   ,=  = ,   ,4
 2 2   2 2  2 2 2 
The radius of the circle is
2
 3
( x2 − x1 ) + ( y2 − y1 ) =  5 −  + ( 6 − 4)
2 2 2

 2
2
7
  + ( 2)
2
=
2
49
= +4
4
49 16
= +
4 4
65
=
4

So the equation of the circle is


2 2 2
 3  65   3 65
+ ( y − 4) + ( y − 4)
2 2
x− =   or  x − =
 2  4   2 4

−3 into ( x − 3) + ( y + 4 ) =
2 2
6 Substitute x =
1, y = r2
2 2
(1 − 3) + ( −3 + 4 ) =r 2
2 2
( −2 ) + (1) =r2
5 = r2
So r= 5

7 a Substitute ( 2, 2 ) into ( x − 2 ) + ( y − 4 ) =
2 2
r2
( 2 − 2) + ( 2 − 4) =
2 2
r2
02 + ( −2 ) =r 2
2

r2 = 4
r=2

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7 b The distance between (2, 2) and 2 + 3,5 is ( )
( 2 + 3 − 2)
2
( x2 − x1 ) + ( y2 − y1 ) + (5 − 2)
2 2 2
=

( 3) + 3
2
2
=

= 3+9
= 12

The distance between (2, 2) and 2 − 3,5 is ( )


( 2 − 3 − 2) + (5 − 2)
2
( x2 − x1 ) + ( y2 − y1 )
2 2 2
=

=( − 3 ) + ( 3)
2 2

= 3+9
= 12

The distance between 2 + 3,5 ( ) ( )


and 2 − 3,5 is

(( 2 − 3 ) − ( 2 + 3 ) ) + ( 5 − 5)
2
( x2 − x1 ) + ( y2 − y1 ) =
2 2 2

(2 − 3 − 2 − 3)
2
= + 02

( −2 3 )
2
=

= 4×3
= 12
PQ, QR and PR all equal 12 .

So ∆PQR is equilateral.

2
0 into the form ( x − a ) + y 2 =
8 a Rearrange x 2 + y 2 − 4 x − 11 = r2
x 2 − 4 x − 11 + y 2 =
0
Completing the square gives
2
( x − 2) − 4 − 11 + y 2 =
0
2
( x − 2) + y2 =
15

b Centre of the circle = (2, 0), radius = 15

9 a x2 + y2 − 10x + 4y − 20 = 0
x2 − 10x + y2 + 4y − 20 = 0
Completing the square gives
(x − 5)2 − 25 + (y + 2)2 − 4 − 20 = 0
(x − 5)2 + (y + 2)2 = 49
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9 b Centre of the circle = (5, −2), radius = 7

10 a x2 + y2 − 2x + 8y − 8 = 0
x2 − 2x + y2 + 8y − 8 = 0
Completing the square gives
(x − 1)2 − 1 + (y + 4)2 − 16 − 8 = 0
(x − 1)2 + (y + 4)2 = 25
Centre of the circle = (1, −4), radius = 5

b x2 + y2 + 12x − 4y = 9
x2 + 12x + y2 − 4y = 9
Completing the square gives
(x + 6)2 − 36 + (y − 2)2 − 4 = 9
(x + 6)2 + (y − 2)2 = 49
Centre of the circle = (−6, 2), radius = 7

c x2 + y2 − 6y = 22x − 40
x2 − 22x + y2 − 6y = −40
Completing the square gives
(x − 11)2 − 121 + (y − 3)2 − 9 = −40
(x − 11)2 + (y − 3)2 = 90
Centre of the circle = (11, 3), radius = 90 = 3 10

d x2 + y2 + 5x − y + 4 = 2y + 8
x2 + 5x + y2 − 3y = 4
Completing the square gives
2 2
 5  25  3 9
4
x+  − + y−  − =
 2 4  2 4
2 2
 5  3 25
x+  + y−  =
 2  2 2
 5 3 5 5 2
Centre of the circle =  − ,  , radius = =
 2 2 2 2

e 2x2 + 2y2 − 6x + 5y = 2x − 3y − 3
2x2 − 8x + 2y2 + 8y = −3
Completing the square gives
2((x − 2)2 − 4) + 2((y + 2)2 − 4) = −3
2(x − 2)2 − 8 + 2(y + 2)2 − 8 = −3
2(x − 2)2 + 2(y + 2)2 = 13
13
(x − 2)2 + (y + 2)2 =
2
13 26
Centre of the circle = (2, −2), radius = =
2 2

11 a x2 + y2 + 12x + 2y = k
x2 + 12x + y2 + 2y = k
(x + 6)2 − 36 + (y + 1)2 − 1 = k
(x + 6)2 + (y + 1)2 = k + 37
Centre of the circle = (−6, −1)
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11 b A circle must have a positive radius, so k + 37 > 0
So k > −37

13 (x − k)2 + y2 = 41, (3, 4)


Substitute x = 3 and y = 4 into the equation (x − k)2 + y2 = 41
(3 − k)2 + 42 = 41
k2 − 6k + 9 + 16 = 41
k2 − 6k − 16 = 0
(k + 2)(k − 8) = 0
k = −2 or k = 8

Challenge

1 (x − k)2 + (y − 2)2 = 50, (4, −5)


Substitute x = 4 and y = −5 into the equation (x − k)2 + (y − 2)2 = 50
(4 − k)2 + (−5 − 2)2 = 50
k2 − 8k + 16 + 49 = 50
k2 − 8k + 15 = 0
(k − 3)(k − 5) = 0
k = 3 or k = 5
(x − 3)2 + (y − 2)2 = 50 or (x − 5)2 + (y − 2)2 = 50

2 x2 + y2 + 2fx + 2gy + c = 0
Rearranging the equation:
x2 + 2fx + y2 + 2gy + c = 0
Completing the square gives
(x + f )2 − f 2 + (y + g)2 − g2 + c = 0
(x + f)2 + (y + g)2 = f 2 + g2 − c
The centre of the circle is (−f, −g) and the radius is f 2 + g2 − c .

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