Java Package
A java package is a group of similar types of classes, interfaces and sub-packages.
Package in java can be categorized in two form, built-in package and user-defined package.
There are many built-in packages such as java, lang, awt, javax, swing, net, io, util, sql etc.
Here, we will have the detailed learning of creating and using user-defined packages
Advantage of Java Package
1) Java package is used to categorize the classes and interfaces so that they can be easily
maintained.
2) Java package provides access protection.
3) Java package removes naming collision.
Simple example of java package
/save as Simple.java
package mypack;
public class Simple
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
System.out.println("Welcome to package");
}
}
How to compile java package
javac -d directory javafilename.java
javac -d . Simple.java
The -d switch specifies the destination where to put the generated class file. You can use any directory
name like /home (in case of Linux), d:/abc (in case of windows) etc. If you want to keep the package
within the same directory, you can use . (dot).
How to run java package program
You need to use fully qualified name e.g. mypack.Simple etc to run the class
To Compile: javac -d . Simple.java
To Run: java mypack.Simple
Output:Welcome to package
The -d is a switch that tells the compiler where to put the class file i.e. it represents destination. The .
represents the current folder.
How to access package from another package?
There are three ways to access the package from outside the package.
1. import package.*;
2. import package.classname;
3. fully qualified name.
1) Using packagename.*
If you use package.* then all the classes and interfaces of this package will be accessible but not
subpackages.
The import keyword is used to make the classes and interface of another package accessible to
the current package.
(1)
package pack;
public class A
{
public void msg()
{
System.out.println("Hello");
}
}
(2)
package mypack;
import pack.*;
class B
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
A obj = new A();
obj.msg();
}
}
Output:Hello
2) Using packagename.classname
If you import package.classname then only declared class of this package will be accessible.
Example of package by import package.classname
//save by A.java
package pack;
public class A
{
public void msg()
{
System.out.println("Hello");
}
}
(2)//save by B.java
package mypack;
import pack.A;
class B
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
A obj = new A();
obj.msg();
}
Out put:-Hello
3) Using fully qualified name
If you use fully qualified name then only declared class of this package will be accessible. Now
there is no need to import. But you need to use fully qualified name every time when you are
accessing the class or interface.
It is generally used when two packages have same class name e.g. java.util and java.sql packages
contain Date class.
Example of package by import fully qualified name
(1)//save by A.java
package pack;
public class A
{
public void msg()
{
System.out.println("Hello");
}
}
(2)//save by B.java
package mypack;
class B
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
pack.A obj = new pack.A();//using fully qualified name
obj.msg();
}
}
Output:- Hello
Subpackage in java
package com.javapack.core;
class Simple
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
System.out.println("Hello subpackage");
}
}
To Compile: javac -d . Simple.java
To Run: java com.javapack.core.Simple
Output: Hello subpackage
How to send the class file to another directory or drive?
There is a scenario, I want to put the class file of A.java source file in classes folder of c: drive.
For example:
//save as Simple.java
package mypack;
public class Simple
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
System.out.println("Welcome to package");
}
}
To Compile:
e:\sources> javac -d c:\classes Simple.java
To Run:
To run this program from e:\source directory, you need to set classpath of the directory where the class file resides.
e:\sources> set classpath=c:\classes;.;
e:\sources> java mypack.Simple
Another way to run this program by -classpath switch of java:
The -classpath switch can be used with javac and java tool.
To run this program from e:\source directory, you can use -classpath switch of java that tells
where to look for class file. For example:
e:\sources> java -classpath c:\classes mypack.Simple
Output:Welcome to package
