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    Subtractionusing 1 Scomplement

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    hmanupati08
    The document discusses subtraction using complements, BCD arithmetic, and binary codes. It covers 1's complement, 2's complement, and BCD subtraction. It also discusses weighted and non-weighted codes like Gray code and converting between binary and Gray code.

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    Subtractionusing 1 Scomplement

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    hmanupati08
    11 views28 pages
    The document discusses subtraction using complements, BCD arithmetic, and binary codes. It covers 1's complement, 2's complement, and BCD subtraction. It also discusses weighted and non-weighted codes like Gray code and converting between binary and Gray code.

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    Subtractionusing1scomplement

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    The document discusses subtraction using complements, BCD arithmetic, and binary codes. It covers 1's complement, 2's complement, and BCD subtraction. It also discusses weighted and non-weighted codes like Gray code and converting between binary and Gray code.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    11 views28 pages

    Subtractionusing 1 Scomplement

    Uploaded by

    hmanupati08
    The document discusses subtraction using complements, BCD arithmetic, and binary codes. It covers 1's complement, 2's complement, and BCD subtraction. It also discusses weighted and non-weighted codes like Gray code and converting between binary and Gray code.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 28

    Subtraction using

    complements&
    CODES:
    Lecture 4
    Jeevan Battini
    Objective of Lecture 4:
    • The lecture will develop students’ knowledge on subtraction using
    complements, BCD arithmetic and binary Codes

    9/5/2022 U18EI309: Digital Electronics (CSE-3) - Jeevan Battini 2


    Signed Magnitude Representation

    9/5/2022 U18EI309: Digital Electronics (CSE-3) - Jeevan Battini 3


    Carefully observe the differences in three methods.

    9/5/2022 U18EI309: Digital Electronics (CSE-3) - Jeevan Battini 4


    The range of numbers

    9/5/2022 U18EI309: Digital Electronics (CSE-3) - Jeevan Battini 5


    Subtraction Using 1’s Complement
    • The Before using any complement method for subtraction equate the length
    of both minuend and subtrahend by introducing leading zeros.
    • Following are the rules for subtraction using 1’s complement.
    • Take 1’s complement of subtrahend.
    • Add 1’s complement of subtrahend to minuend.
    • If a carry is produced by addition then add this carry to the LSB of result. This is called
    as end around carry (EAC).
    • If no carry, generated result is negative, and again do 1’s complement, put –ve sign.

    9/5/2022 U18EI309: Digital Electronics (CSE-3) - Jeevan Battini 6


    Example 1
    • Perform following subtraction using 1’s complement.
    •7–3

    9/5/2022 U18EI309: Digital Electronics (CSE-3) - Jeevan Battini 7


    Example 2:
    • 3-7

    9/5/2022 U18EI309: Digital Electronics (CSE-3) - Jeevan Battini 8


    2’s complement Subtraction
    • Take 2’s complement of subtrahend.
    • Add 2’s complement of subtrahend to minuend.
    • If a carry is produced, then discard the carry and the result is
    positive.
    • If no carry is produced result is negative and is in 2’s compliment
    form.

    9/5/2022 U18EI309: Digital Electronics (CSE-3) - Jeevan Battini 9


    • Perform following subtraction using 2’s complement.
    •7–5

    9/5/2022 U18EI309: Digital Electronics (CSE-3) - Jeevan Battini 10


    Example 2:
    • 5-7

    9/5/2022 U18EI309: Digital Electronics (CSE-3) - Jeevan Battini 11


    9’s and 10’s Complement
    • 9’s complement of 36 ?

    • 10’s complement of a decimal number can also be obtained by


    adding 1 to its 9’s complement.

    9/5/2022 U18EI309: Digital Electronics (CSE-3) - Jeevan Battini 12


    r’s Complement and (r – 1)’s Complement
    • r stands for radix or base of the number system
    • r’s complement is referred as radix complement and (r – 1)’s
    complement is referred as diminished radix complement.
    • Examples of r’s complements are 2’s complement and 10’s
    complement.
    • Examples of (r – 1)’s complement are 1’s complement and 9’s
    complement.

    9/5/2022 U18EI309: Digital Electronics (CSE-3) - Jeevan Battini 13


    CODES
    • Binary Coded Decimal (BCD)
    • The BCD is a group of four binary bits that represent a decimal digit.
    • In this representation each digit of a decimal number is replaced by a 4-bit
    binary number (i.e., a nibble).
    • Since a decimal digit is a number from 0 to 9.
    • a nibble representing a number greater than 9 is invalid BCD.

    9/5/2022 U18EI309: Digital Electronics (CSE-3) - Jeevan Battini 14


    Carefully observe the difference : binary and BCD

    • The rules for binary subtraction is summarized.

    9/5/2022 U18EI309: Digital Electronics (CSE-3) - Jeevan Battini 15


    BCD Addition
    • Adder circuits used are simple binary adders, which does not take
    care of peculiarity of BCD representation.
    • Thus one must verify the result for valid BCD by using following
    rules:
    1. If Nibble (i.e., group of 4-bits) is less than or equal to 9, it is a valid BCD
    number.
    2. If Nibble is greater than 9, it is invalid. Add 6 (0110) to the nibble, to
    make it valid. Or
    If a carry was generated from the nibble during the addition, it is
    invalid. Add 6 (0110) to the nibble, to make it valid.

    9/5/2022 U18EI309: Digital Electronics (CSE-3) - Jeevan Battini 16


    BCD Addition
    • Example

    9/5/2022 U18EI309: Digital Electronics (CSE-3) - Jeevan Battini 17


    BCD Addition
    • Example

    9/5/2022 U18EI309: Digital Electronics (CSE-3) - Jeevan Battini 18


    BCD Subtraction
    • The best way to cary out the BCD subtraction is to use
    complements - 9’s and 10’s complement
    • Add the 10’s complement of subtrahend to minuend.
    • Apply the rules of BCD addition to verify that result of addition is valid
    BCD.
    • Apply the rules of 10’s complement on the result obtained in step 2, to
    declare the final result i.e., to declare the result of subtraction.

    9/5/2022 U18EI309: Digital Electronics (CSE-3) - Jeevan Battini 19


    Subtract 61 from 68 using BCD.
    • first we perform the subtraction using 10’s complement in decimal
    system. After that we go for BCD subtraction.

    9/5/2022 U18EI309: Digital Electronics (CSE-3) - Jeevan Battini 20


    Weighted & Non-weighted codes
    • Effect In weighted binary codes, each position of a number represents a specific weight.
    • The bits are multiplied by the weights indicated; and the sum of these weighted bits gives
    the equivalent decimal digit.
    • Examples: 8421, 84-2-1, 2421.

    9/5/2022 U18EI309: Digital Electronics (CSE-3) - Jeevan Battini 21


    Non-Weighted Codes
    • Excess-3 codes and Gray codes are examples of non-weighted
    codes.

    9/5/2022 U18EI309: Digital Electronics (CSE-3) - Jeevan Battini 22


    Gray Code:

    9/5/2022 U18EI309: Digital Electronics (CSE-3) - Jeevan Battini 23


    Binary to Gray Code conversion and vice versa
    • Convert binary 100101 to Gray code word.?
    • Ex-OR operation
    • Two bits are same; output is 0
    • Two bits are different; output is 1

    • Ans: 110111
    • Convert Gray code word 100111 into binary.?

    • Ans: 111010
    9/5/2022 U18EI309: Digital Electronics (CSE-3) - Jeevan Battini 24
    Self Learning
    • Self learning question.
    • Why is 2’s complement subtraction is advantageous over 1’s complement?
    • Self learning topic
    • Excess -3 Addition/subtraction

    9/5/2022 U18EI309: Digital Electronics (CSE-3) - Jeevan Battini 25


    Outcome of Lecture 4
    • After Completion of the session, the students will be able to…

    • subtraction using 1’s and 2’s complement.


    • Compute BCD addition and subtraction
    • List the types of CODEs.
    • Convert binary to gray and gray to binary .

    9/5/2022 U18EI309: Digital Electronics (CSE-3) - Jeevan Battini 26


    Week2_Assignment

    9/5/2022 U18EI309: Digital Electronics (CSE-3) - Jeevan Battini 27


    Next Session:
    • Boolean Algebra
    • New concepts

    THANK YOU ….Students

    9/5/2022 U18EI309: Digital Electronics (CSE-3) - Jeevan Battini 28

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