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Science
Quarter 4– Module 3:
Chemical Reaction
Science – Grade 10
Quarter 4 – Module 3: Chemical Reaction
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education – Region XI

Regional Director: Evelyn R. Fetalvero, EdD, CESO IV

Assistant Regional Director: Maria Ines C. Asuncion, EdD, CESO V

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Porfirio A. Caronan, III
Editor: Grace Lena Adoracion A. Sito
Reviewer: Paulo D. Prudente
Illustrator: Paulo D. Prudente
Layout Artist: Angelica P. Mendoza
Template Developer: Neil Edward D. Diaz
Management Team:
Reynaldo M. Guillena, CESO V
Jinky B. Firman, PhD, CESE
Marilyn V. Deduyo
Alma C. Cifra, EdD
Aris B. Juanillo, PhD
Faye Genevieve P. Pasamonte

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education – Division of Davao City

Office Address: E. Quirino Avenue, Davao City

Telephone: (082) 227 4762
E-mail Address: lrms.davaocity@deped.gov.ph
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Science
Quarter 4– Module 3:
Chemical Reaction
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to
use this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress
while allowing them to manage their own learning at home.
Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as
they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

As a learner, you must learn to become responsible of your own
learning. Take time to read, understand, and perform the different
activities in the module.
As you go through the different activities of this module be
reminded of the following:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any
part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the
exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer Let Us Try before moving on to the other
activities.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking
your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are done.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this
module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always
bear in mind that you are not alone. We hope that through this material,
you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep understanding
of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 Let Us Learn

A wonderful day to you, young scientists! In this module, you will learn
to apply the principles of conservation of mass to chemical reactions. You
shall learn how to classify chemical reactions according to the different types
and write a chemical equation. Specifically, you are expected to define
chemical reaction and compare the different types of a chemical reaction.

Let Us Try!

Choose the best answer and write this on a separate paper.

1. Which of the following is true about chemical reaction?
A. Only physical changes occur. C. Only changes of state occur.
B. New substances must form. D. Chemical properties remain the
same

2. What do you call to the substances that are involve before a chemical
reaction?
A. Mole C. Coefficient
B. Product D. Reactant

3. What do you call to the substance formed after the chemical reaction?
A. Mole C. Coefficient
B. Product D. Reactant

4. The presence of oxygen leads to the production of sulfur dioxide from

the burning sulfur. Which of the following word equations best
represents this reaction?
A. sulfur + oxygen ® sulfur dioxide C. Sulfur dioxide + oxygen ® sulfur
B. sulfur dioxide ® sulfur + oxygen D. sulfur ®sulfur dioxide + oxygen

5. What is the relationship between the total mass of the reactants and
the total mass of the products?
A. The mass of reactants and C. The mass of the reactants
products must be equal must be greater than the
product.
B. The mass of the products must D. There is no general
be greater than the reactants relationship between the
reactant and the product

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 Let Us Study

In your science engagement, you learn about the reactivity of selected

metals. You also observed the turning of blue litmus paper into the red in an
acid test. These are examples of chemical change. This time you are going to
explore how these chemical changes happen.

What is Chemical Reaction?

A chemical reaction is a process of substances changed into a new
form of chemicals. Zinc and sulfur react with each other to form zinc sulfide.
In other words, we could write the chemical reaction as:
zinc + sulfur → zinc sulfide
The shorthand expression of a chemical reaction is to use the symbols
and chemical formulas involved:
Zn + S → ZnS
In the example shown above, substances at the left side of the arrow
sign in the equation are called reactants. On the other hand, chemicals at
the right side of the arrow sign are called products.
Reactants are any substances involved before a chemical process.
Products are substances produced after the chemical process.
Table 1. Symbols Used in Writing Chemical Equation
(Adapted from Science 10 Learner’s Module)

Symbol Meaning
+ This symbol means a combination of
reactants or products.

➔ This symbol means to produce; to form

or to yield.
(s), (l), (g), (aq) (s)-solid (l)-liquid (g)-gas (aq)-aqueous
substance is dissolved in water

« This symbol indicates a reversible

reaction. This symbol indicates a
reversible reaction. Substances at both
sides of the equation can be labeled as
either reactants or products.

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 Heat ∆ This symbol indicates that heat is used
-------> or --------> during the chemical reaction
Ag A chemical symbol written above or
below the arrow sign indicates the use
-------->
of catalyst during the chemical reaction.
Pt

Who is who?

ANTOINE LAURENT LAVOISIER

He was born on August 26, 1743 to a wealthy family. He is widely

considered as the Father of Modern Chemistry.
Here are some of the contributions of Antoine Lavoisier in the field of
chemistry:
• studied chemical reactions;
• made a proposition that the mass before a reaction occurred was
the same as the mass after the reaction occurred; and
• recognized and named elements Hydrogen (H) and Oxygen (O).

What is the Law of Conservation of Mass?

“Nothing is lost, nothing is created, everything is transformed”
-Antoine Lavoisier
The scientific law explains that nothing is lost in a chemical reaction. The sum
of masses of the reactants is exactly equal to all the masses of the product.

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What are the Types of Chemical Reactions?
(Adapted from Science 10 Learner’s Module)

1. Combination (Synthesis) Reaction. A type of reaction where two or

more substances are transformed into one but complex compound. The
general formula of this type of chemical reaction is shown below.

A + B —> AB

One example of a combination or synthesis reaction is the reaction of

iron (Fe) and Sulfur (S) to form iron sulfide.

Fe(s) + S(s) —>FeS(s)

2. Decomposition Reaction. Another type of chemical reaction where a

more complex substance decomposes or breaks down into a simple
form. A general equation for this type of chemical reaction is shown
below.

AB —> A + B

An example of this reaction is the electrolysis of water to form hydrogen

and oxygen gas.

H2O(l) —> H2(g) + O2(g)

3. Single Displacement (Replacement) Reaction. A type of reaction

where a more reactive element replaces a less reactive element to form
a new compound. The general formula for this type of reaction is shown
below.

A + BC —> AC + B

Magnesium is more reactive than hydrogen. It has now the capacity to

replace one atom of hydrogen in a water molecule that yields
magnesium hydroxide and hydrogen gas.

Mg(s) + 2H2O(l) —> H2(g) + Mg (OH)2(aq)

4. Double Displacement Reaction (Metathesis). This chemical reaction

happens when two different ions switch places with each other to form
new compounds. A generic form of this chemical reaction is shown
below:
AB + CD —> AD + CB
An example of this type of reaction is the reaction between barium
chloride and magnesium sulfate. During this process, magnesium and
barium replaces each other to form barium sulfate & magnesium
chloride.
BaCl2 + MgSO4 —> BaSO4 + MgCl2

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 5. Combustion Reaction. It occurs when oxygen combines with a highly
flammable compound with the application of heat to produce water,
carbon dioxide, and heat. A simple example is burning methane.

CH4 + 2O2 ® O2 + 2H2O + heat

6. Acid-Base Reaction. A unique and specific example of a double

displacement reaction where acid and base react with each other. The
hydrogen ion of the acid reacts with the hydroxide ion to form a salt
substance. Water is also produced as a by-product. An example is the
reaction of acetic acid with sodium bicarbonate. In this process, a salt
substance, water, and carbon dioxide are formed.

CH3COOH + NaHCO3 ® NaCH3COO + H2O + CO2

Let Us Practice

Activity 1: Inflating a Balloon with Chemical Reaction

Materials Needed:
• rubber balloon
• plastic bottle
• funnel
• vinegar
• baking soda

Procedure:
1. Place about two or three teaspoonfuls of baking soda inside the
balloon
2. Pour the vinegar 1-2 cups into the bottle.
3. Fit the balloon surrounding the rim of the plastic bottle. Take note not
to drop the baking soda yet into the vinegar.
4. Hold the balloon and allow the baking soda to fall into the vinegar.

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 5. Observe the interaction between the baking soda and vinegar. Observe
its effect on the balloon.
6. Write your observations on a separate sheet of paper.

Guide Questions:

1. What do you observe when baking soda and vinegar came in

contact with one another?
2. What is being produced during the reaction?
3. What happened to the balloon attached to the bottle?
4. What type of chemical reaction was observed? Explain your
answer.

Let Us Practice More

Activity 2: What Type of Chemical Reaction?

SET A) Direction: Classify the following unbalanced chemical equations

according to the six types of chemical reactions. Write the letter of the correct
answer on a separate paper.
A. Synthesis
B. Decomposition
C. Single displacement
D. Double displacement
E. Combustion
F. Acid-base.
1. Na3PO4 + KOH ➔ NaOH + K3PO4
2. MgCl2 + Li2CO3➔MgCO3 + LiCl
3. C6H12 + O2 ➔ CO2 + H2O
4. Pb + FeSO4 ➔ PbSO4 + Fe
5. CaCO3➔CaO + CO2
6. P4+ O2➔ 2 P2O3
7. RbNO3 + BeF2➔ Be (NO3)2 + RbF
8. AgNO3 + Cu ➔ Cu (NO3)2 + Ag
9. N2 + 3H2 « 2NH3
10. NH4Cl « NH3 + HCl

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 SET B) Direction: Fill in the table below with the Reactants and
Products from the chemical equations above. Below each number, write their
chemical symbol or formula of the reactants and products. (An example has
already been given in number 1)

Table 2. Reactants and Products

Reaction Reactants Products
1 Ex. Na3PO4 + KOH Ex. NaOH + K3PO4
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Let Us Remember

• A chemical reaction is a process of one or more substances converted

to one or more different compounds.
• Reactants are materials before a chemical reaction takes place.
• Products are substances produced after a chemical reaction.
• There are six types of chemical reaction: synthesis, decomposition,
single displacement, double displacement, combustion, and acid-base.
• Law of Conservation of Mass, developed by Sir Antoine Lavoisier,
states that mass is conserved in a chemical reaction. The total mass of
the reactants is equal to the total mass of the products.

Let Us Assess

Read the questions carefully. Choose the best answer and write it on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. The word equation “magnesium reacts with chlorine to produce

magnesium chloride” is represented by which of the following
chemical equations?
A. Mg → Cl2 + MgCl2 C. MgCl2 + Mg → Cl2
B. MgCl2 → Mg + Cl2 D. Mg + Cl2 → MgCl2

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2. Hydrogen reacts with oxygen to produce water. Which substances are
the reactant/s?
A. Hydrogen only
B. Oxygen only
C. Both hydrogen and oxygen
D. Water

3. What scientific principle states that matter is neither created nor

destroyed in a chemical process?
A. The law of conservation of mass
B. The law of conservation of atoms
C. The law of multiple proportions
D. The law of definite proportions

4. Which of the following is true of a chemical reaction?

A. Only physical changes occur. C. Only changes of state occur.
B. New substances must form. D. Chemical properties remain
the same

5. When oxygen is available, sulfur dioxide is produced from the burning

of sulfur. Which of the following word equations best represents this
reaction?
A. sulfur + oxygen ® sulfur dioxide
B. sulfur dioxide ® sulfur + oxygen
C. sulfur dioxide + oxygen ® sulfur
D. sulfur ® sulfur dioxide + oxygen

6. What symbol is written for a reversible reaction?

A. + C. ¬
B. ® D. «

7. In a chemical reaction, what is the relationship between the total mass

of the reactants and the total mass of the products?
A. They must be equal
B. The mass of the products must be greater
C. The mass of the reactants must be greater
D. There is no general relationship between the two

8. Hydrogen gas reacts with Nitrogen gas to form Ammonia. What type of
chemical reaction is this?
A. Combination C. Combustion
B. Decomposition D. Replacement

9. What kind of chemical reaction does the digestion of food inside the
body? Hint: Digestion involves the breaking down of complex food
molecules into simple ones.
A. Combination C. Combustion
B. Decomposition D. Replacement

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10. What do you call to the substance that enters before a chemical
reaction?
A. Coefficient C. Product
B. Mole D. Reactant

11. What do you call to the substance that is formed after a chemical
reaction?
A. Coefficient C. Product
B. Mole D. Reactant

12. Which of the following statement is true?

A. When two elements form a series of compounds, they have the
same composition.
B. When two elements combine, there are always two compounds
formed.
C. When two elements combine, the first element is twice as much as
the second.
D. When two elements form a series of compounds, the ratio of the
second element that combines with 1g of the first element can be
reduced into small whole numbers.

13. Which chemical equation describes the synthetic form of chemical

reaction?
A. C2H2(g) + O2(g) → CO2(g) + H2O(g)
B. Cl2(g) +KBr(aq) → KCl(aq) + Br2(l)
C. H2 + Br2 → HBr
D. 2Al (OH)3(aq) → Al2O3(s) + H2O(l)

Use the diagram to answer question number 14.

-H - Br

14. What word equation describes the chemical reaction in the figure
above?
A. Hydrogen plus bromine are C. Hydrogen plus hydrogen
formed from hydrogen bromide yields bromine.
bromide.
B. Hydrogen plus bromine yields D. Hydrogen plus bromine yields
hydrogen plus bromine. hydrogen bromide.

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15. What type of chemical reaction is described in this chemical equation:
CuSO4 + Zn ® ZnSO4 + Cu?
A. Single Displacement C. Combustion
B. Double Displacement D. Acid and base

Let Us Enhance

Activity 3: Try this one!

In the previous activity, you were asked to identify the type of chemical
reaction and the reactants and products from a chemical equation. This time,
let us try it in a word problem. Write the type of reaction, the reactants and
products from the given word problem.

a) Sodium bromide reacts with Calcium hydroxide to produce Calcium

bromide and Sodium hydroxide.
b) Ammonium Sulfate came from the reaction of Ammonia and Sulfuric acid
d) The reaction of Lead and Phosphoric acid yields to hydrogen gas and Lead
(II) phosphate
e) The reaction between Hydrogen gas and Iodine will yield to Hydrogen
iodide.

Let Us Reflect

What we have learned from this module is the different examples of chemical
reaction. Let us ponder this time two of the significance of chemical reactions.

Let us now reflect on how planting of trees in the community would be

an effective method of reducing CO2 concentrations in the air? Illustrate how

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trees capture carbon dioxide in the atmosphere reducing excessive heat of the
planet?

Another reflection for us to ponder is the production of fire (combustion

process). In the Philippines, we are reminded that every March is Fire
Prevention Month. During this month, as this signals the start of summer,
countless fires break out of the country.
What are some important mitigating measures we can do in case of
Fire? How can we prevent fire incidents in our house and in the community?
What are the three factors that should be always present during this type of
chemical reaction (combustion process)?

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Let us Enhance
a. Double Replacement Reaction; Reactants:
Sodium bromide & Calcium hydroxide; Products:
Calcium bromide & Calcium hydroxide.
b. Combination (Synthesis) Reaction; Reactants:
Ammonia Sulfuric acid; Product: Ammonium
sulfate.
c. Single Replacement Reaction; Reactants: Lead &
Phosphoric acid; Products: Hydrogen gas & Lead
(II) phosphate.
d. Combination (Synthesis) Reaction: Hydrogen gas
& Iodine; Product: Hydrogen iodide.
Let us Pract ice Mor e
Set B Let us Pract ice Mor e
Reaction Reactants Products Set A
1 Na3PO4 + KOH NaOH + K3PO4 1. D
2 MgCl2 + Li2CO3 MgCO3 + LiCl 2. D
3 C6H12 + O2 CO2 + H2O 3. E
4. C
4 Pb + FeSO4 PbSO4 + Fe
5. B
5 CaCO3 CaO + CO2
6. A
6 P4 + O2 2 P2O3
7. D
7 RbNO3 + BeF2 Be (NO3)2 + RbF 8. C
8 AgNO3 + Cu Cu (NO3)2 + Ag 9. A&B
9 N2 + 3H2 & 2NH3 N2 + 3H2 & 2NH3 10. B&A
10 NH4Cl & NH3 + HCl NH4Cl & NH3 + HCl
Let us Pract ice
Act ivity 1
1) A chemical reaction is observed through the presence of bubbles.
2) A gas is produced during the process in form of Carbon dioxide.
3) An inflation of the balloon was observed because of the releasing of gas.
4) Acid-base type of reaction. The reaction of baking soda (base) and vinegar (acid) were involved
during the process.
Let Us Assess Let Us Assess Let Us Assess Let Us Try
11. C 6. D 1. D 1. B
2. D
12. D 7. A 2. C 3. B
13. C 8. A 3. A 4. A
5. A
14. D 9. B 4. B
15. A 10. D 5. A
Answer Key
 References

Anne Marie Helmenstine ThoughtCo.

Retrieved:https://www.thoughtco.com/importance-of-chemical-
reactions-604047 January 29, 2021
H.D. Acosta, et. al. Science-Grade 10 Learner's Material Philippines: REX
Book Store, Inc: Department of Education, 2015

Jose M. Andaya, Conceptual Science and Beyond: Chemistry Quezon City:

Brilliant Creations Publishing, Inc., 2010
Treichel, Paul M. and Kotz, John C. ""Chemical reaction". ." In Encyclopedia
Britannica. 4 Nov. 2020.
Pia C. Campo, et. al., Science – Grade 8 Learner’s Module Philippines: Vibal
Publishing House, Inc., 2013
William L. Masterton and Cecile N. Hurley, Chemistry Principles and
Reactions Singapore: Thomson Learning Asia, 2005
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Department of Education –Davao City Division

E. Quirino Avenue, Davao City

Telephone: (082) 227 4762

Email Address: lrms.davaocity@deped.gov.ph