18CSC305J-Artificial Intelligence

Unit- V

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• Expert System Architecture • Advance topics in Artificial Intelligence- Cloud
Pros and cons of Expert system Computing and Intelligent agent
• Rule based systems • Business Intelligence and Analytics
Frame based expert system • Sentiment Analysis
• Case study • Deep Learning Algorithms
• NLP – levels of NLP • Planning and Logic in intelligent Agents
• Syntactic and Semantic Analysis
Information Retrieval
• Information Extraction
Machine Translation
• NLP Applications

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 Expert Systems

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 Expert Systems - Objectives
• Learn the meaning of an expert system
• Understand the problem domain and knowledge domain
• Learn the advantages of an expert system
• Understand the stages in the development of an expert
system
• Examine the general characteristics of an expert system

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 Objectives
• Examine earlier expert systems which have given rise to
today’s knowledge-based systems
• Explore the applications of expert systems in use today
• Examine the structure of a rule-based expert system
• Learn the difference between procedural and
nonprocedural paradigms
• What are the characteristics of artificial neural systems

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 What is an expert system?
“An expert system is a computer system that emulates, or acts in all
respects, with the decision-making capabilities of a human expert.”

Professor Edward Feigenbaum

Stanford University

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 Architecture of Expert Systems

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 Architecture of Expert Systems
Knowledge Base
Stores all relevant information, data, rules, cases, and
relationships used by the expert system.
Uses
•Rules
•If-then Statements
•Fuzzy Logic

Inference Engine
Seeks information and relationships from the knowledge
base and provides answers, predictions, and suggestions
the way a human expert would.
Uses
•Backward Chaining
•Forward Chaining

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 Architecture of Expert Systems
Explanation Facility
Allows a user to understand how the expert system arrived at certain conclusions or results.
For example: it allows a doctor to find out the logic or rationale of the diagnosis made by a medical expert
system

Knowledge acquisition facility

Provide convenient and efficient means of capturing and storing all the components of the knowledge base.
Acts as an interface between experts and the knowledge base.

User Interface
Specialized user interface software employed for designing, creating, updating, and using expert
systems.
The main purpose of the user interface is to make the development and use of an expert system easier
for users and decision makers

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 General Methods of Inferencing
• Forward chaining (data-driven)– reasoning from facts to the conclusions
resulting from those facts – best for prognosis, monitoring, and control.
– Examples: CLIPS, OPS5

• Backward chaining (query/Goal driven)– reasoning in reverse from a

hypothesis, a potential conclusion to be proved to the facts that support the
hypothesis – best for diagnosis problems.
– Examples: MYCIN

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 Expert Systems Development

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 Expert system technology may include:

• Special expert system languages – CLIPS

• Programs

• Hardware designed to facilitate the implementation of those

systems

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 Problem Domain vs. Knowledge Domain

• An expert’s knowledge is specific to one problem domain –

medicine, finance, science, engineering, etc.
• The expert’s knowledge about solving specific problems is called
the knowledge domain.
• The problem domain is always a superset of the knowledge
domain.

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 Problem and Knowledge Domain Relationship

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 Advantages of Expert Systems

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 Disadvantages of Expert Systems

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 Representing the Knowledge

The knowledge of an expert system can be represented

in a number of ways, including IF- THEN rules:

IF you are hungry THEN eat

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 Knowledge Engineering
The process of building an expert system:

1. The knowledge engineer establishes a dialog with

the human expert to elicit knowledge.
2. The knowledge engineer codes the knowledge
explicitly in the knowledge base.
3. The expert evaluates the expert system and gives a
critique to the knowledge engineer.

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 Development of an Expert System

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 The Role of AI

• An algorithm is an ideal solution guaranteed to yield a solution in

a finite amount of time.
• When an algorithm is not available or is insufficient, we rely on
artificial intelligence (AI).
• Expert system relies on inference – we accept a “reasonable
solution.”

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 Uncertainty
• Both human experts and expert systems must be able to deal with
uncertainty.
• It is easier to program expert systems with shallow knowledge
than with deep knowledge.
• Shallow knowledge – based on empirical and heuristic
knowledge.
• Deep knowledge – based on basic structure, function, and
behavior of objects.

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 Early Expert Systems
• DENDRAL – used in chemical mass spectroscopy to identify
chemical constituents

• MYCIN – medical diagnosis of illness

• DIPMETER – geological data analysis for oil

• PROSPECTOR – geological data analysis for minerals

• XCON/R1 – configuring computer systems

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 Broad Classes of Expert Systems

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 Problems with Algorithmic Solutions

• Conventional computer programs generally solve problems having

algorithmic solutions.

• Algorithmic languages include C, Java, and C#.

• Classical AI languages include LISP and PROLOG.

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 Considerations for Building Expert Systems
• Can the problem be solved effectively by conventional
programming?
• Is there a need and a desire for an expert system?
• Is there at least one human expert who is willing to cooperate?
• Can the expert explain the knowledge to the knowledge
engineer can understand it.
• Is the problem-solving knowledge mainly heuristic and
uncertain?

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 Languages, Shells, and Tools

• Expert system languages are post-third generation.

• Procedural languages (e.g., C) focus on techniques to
represent data.
• More modern languages (e.g., Java) focus on data abstraction.
• Expert system languages (e.g. CLIPS) focus on ways to represent
knowledge.

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 Production Rules
• Knowledge base is also called production memory.
• Production rules can be expressed in IF-THEN pseudocode format.
• In rule-based systems, the inference engine determines which rule
antecedents are satisfied by the facts.

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 Rule-Based Expert System
• A rule based expert system is the simplest form of artificial intelligence and uses prescribed knowledge
based rules to solve a problem
• The aim of the expert system is to take knowledge from a human expert and convert this into a number of
hardcoded rules to apply to the input data
• In their most basic form, the rules are commonly conditional statements (if a, then do x, else if b, then do
y)
• These systems should be applied to smaller problems, as the more complex a system is, the more rules
that are required to describe it, and thus increased difficulty to model for all possible outcomes

Example:
A very basic example of rule based expert system would be a program to direct the management of
abdominal aneurysms The system would input the diameter of an aneurysm Using conditional arguments,
the input diameter would be stratified to recommend whether immediate intervention was required, and if
not what appropriate follow up is recommended
Note: with problems related to radiological images, often preprocessing of the images is required prior to the expert
system being applied.
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 Structure of a Rule-Based Expert System

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 Rule-Based ES

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 Example Rules

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 Inference Engine Cycle

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 Foundation of Expert Systems

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 Markov Algorithm
• An ordered group of productions applied in order or priority to an input
string.

• If the highest priority rule is not applicable, we apply the next, and so on.

• inefficient algorithm for systems with many rules.

• Termination on (1) last production not applicable to a string, or (2)

production ending with period applied
• Can be applied to substrings, beginning at left
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 Markov Algorithm

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 Rete Algorithm
• Markov: too inefficient to be used with many rules
• Functions like a net – holding a lot of information.
• Much faster response times and rule firings can occur compared to a large
group of IF-THEN rules which would have to be checked one-by-one in
conventional program.
• Takes advantage of temporal redundancy and structural similarity.
• Looks only for changes in matches (ignores static data)
• Drawback is high memory space requirements.

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 Frame-Based Expert System

• The expert systems which make use of frames for the knowledge are called
frame-based expert systems.
• What is a frame? – A frame is a data structure with typical knowledge
about the object or concept.
• Frame has its name and set of attributes
• Example : A car frame can have make, type, color and so on as
slots/attributes in the frame
• Each slot/ attribute has unique value associated to it

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 Frame-Based Expert System
We can have the following included in the slot

1. Frame Name
2. Relationship with other frames
3. Values or Ranges
4. Procedural information

Represents the frame structure for Class and Instance

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 Frame-Based Expert System
• Relationship – hierarchy, or to be specific, the
inheritance is depicted

• Values & Ranges – Represent the actual/default values

or specified ranges

• Procedural information – the slot is attached to a

procedure that is executed when any event is triggered
such as change in value for the slot

• Instance Frame refers to an object and Class frame

refers to group
Frames : Class and Instance

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 Working of Frame-Based Expert System
• Method – A method is a procedure that is executed
when requested

• Demon – makes use of if-then structure

• Frames that have the knowledge representation, the

methods or the demons essentially add actions to
them.
When needed and when required methods : Snapshot
• As an example, how the process of an expert system
works to check the eligibility of a student appearing
for an exam is explained in the picture

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 Guidelines to build a Frame-Based Expert System

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 MYCIN

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 MYCIN
•MYCIN was an early expert system that used artificial intelligence to identify
bacteria causing severe infections.
•recommend antibiotics, with the dosage adjusted for patient's body weight
•The MYCIN system was also used for the diagnosis of blood clotting
diseases.
•MYCIN was developed over five or six years in the early 1970s at Stanford
University.
•It was written in Lisp

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 MYCIN
•MYCIN was a stand alone system that required a user to enter all relevant
information about a patient by typing in responses to questions MYCIN posed.
•MYCIN operated using a fairly simple inference engine, and a knowledge base of
~600 rules.
•It would query the physician running the program via along series of simple yes/no
or textual questions.

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 Tasks and Domain
•Disease DIAGNOSIS and Therapy SELECTION

•Advice for non-expert physicians with time considerations and

incomplete evidence on:

–Bacterial infections of the blood

–Expanded to meningitis and other ailments

–Meet time constraints of the medical field

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 Consultation System

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 Consultation “Control Structure”
•Goal-directed Backward-chaining Depth-first Tree Search
•High-level Algorithm:
1.Determine if Patient has significant infection
2.Determine likely identity of significant organisms
3.Decide which drugs are potentially useful
4.Select best drug or coverage of drugs

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 Static Database

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 Dynamic Database

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 Explanation System

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 Xcon
•The R1 (internally called XCON, for eXpertCONfigurer) program was a production rule based system written
in OPS5 by John P. McDermott of CMU in 1978.
–configuration of DEC VAX computer systems
•ordering of DEC's VAX computer systems by automatically selecting the computer system components based
on the customer's requirements.
•XCON first went into use in 1980 in DEC's plant in Salem, New Hampshire. It eventually had about 2500 rules.
•By 1986, it had processed 80,000 orders, and achieved 9598% accuracy.
•It was estimated to be saving DEC $25M a year by reducing the need to give customers free components
when technicians made errors, by speeding the assembly process, and by increasing customer satisfaction.
•XCON interacted with the sales person, asking critical questions before printing out a coherent and workable
system specification/order slip.
•XCON's success led DEC to rewrite XCON as XSEL a version of XCON intended for use by DEC's salesforce to
aid a customer in properly configuring their VAX.
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 XCON: Expert Configurer

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 Natural Language
Processing (NLP)

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 Natural language
• Natural languages are languages that living creatures use for

communication,

• A machine is considered to be really intelligent only when it can understand

and interpret or speak the matter of natural language.

• The capability to understand, interpret and communicate through natural

language is a very important criteria of intelligent behavior.

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 Why Natural language processing?
• Huge amount of data?
– Internet=at least 2.5 billion pages
• Applications for processing large amounts of texts.
– Classify text into categories
– Index and search large texts
– Automatic translation
– Speech understanding: Understanding phone conversation
– Information extraction: Extract useful information from
resumes
– Automatic summarization
– Question answering
– Knowledge acquisition: knowledge from expert
– Text generations/dialogs
• All these requires natural language expertise.
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 NLP Tasks

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 Levels of NLP

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 Syntactic Analysis
• Rules of syntax (grammar) specify the possible organization of words in sentences
and allows us to determine sentence’s structure(s)

• “John saw Mary with a telescope”

• John saw (Mary with a telescope)

• John (saw Mary with a telescope)

• Parsing: given a sentence and a grammar

• Checks that the sentence is correct according with the grammar and if so
returns a parse tree representing the structure of the sentence

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 Syntactic Analysis - Grammar
• sentence -> noun_phrase, verb_phrase
• noun_phrase -> proper_noun
• noun_phrase -> determiner, noun
• verb_phrase -> verb, noun_phrase
• proper_noun -> [mary]
• noun -> [apple]
• verb -> [ate]
• determiner -> [the]

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 Syntactic Analysis - Parsing

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 Syntactic Analysis – Complications (1)

• Number (singular vs. plural) and gender

• sentence-> noun_phrase(n),verb_phrase(n)
• proper_noun(s) -> [mary]
• noun(p) -> [apples]
• Adjective
• noun_phrase-> determiner,adjectives,noun
• adjectives-> adjective, adjectives
• adjective->[ferocious]
• Adverbs, …

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 Syntactic Analysis – Complications (2)

• Handling ambiguity
• Syntactic ambiguity: “fruit flies like a banana”

• Having to parse syntactically incorrect sentences

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 Semantic Analysis
• Syntax analysis is doing the parsing activity
• But we need to understand the meaning of the words and it is done
by semantic analysis
• For example,
• ‘Keep the book on the table’ – Here table refers physical object
• ‘Learn the table of number 23’ – here table refers mathematics concept of
table

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 Lexical Processing
• In lexical processing, the meaning of the tokens is found out
• Word sense disambiguation: Understanding the meaning of a
particular word in the context
• It is concerned with the sense where it would be operational
• It would be done with the help of semantic marker
• Semantic marker: ‘Keep’ in sentence 1
• Semantic marker: ‘Learn’ in sentence 2

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 Semantic grammars

• Example,
• ‘The pen is on the ceiling’
• Solution is,
• S -> Action the Food
• Action -> eat|drink|shallow|chew – Set of words
• Food -> burger|sandwich|coke|pizza – Set of words

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 Case Grammar

• Case grammar is also called as Fillmore grammar

• Elements of the sentence are:
• Object (thing on which it is acted)
• Agent/actor (Someone who carries out the action or the event)
• Dative (Someone who is affected by the event)
• Location (place where the event/action occurs)
• Time (date or time at which the action/event takes place)
• Example,
• Rohit will meet Kunal at Mall

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 Conceptual Dependency

• ATRANS: Transfer of some relationship for verb (e.g.) ’give’

• PTRANS: Transfer of location of an object, say the verb ‘go’
• GRASP: This primitive occurs with verb like ‘throw’
• SPEAK: This primitive has some sound production, say the verb
‘speak’ or ‘say’

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 Information retrieval

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 Information retrieval - Models

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 Information retrieval - Models

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 Information retrieval - Models

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 Information retrieval - Models

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 Information Extraction

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 Information Extraction

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• Advance topics in Artificial Intelligence- Cloud Computing and
Intelligent agent
• Business Intelligence and Analytics
• Sentiment Analysis
• Deep Learning Algorithms
• Planning and Logic in intelligent Agents

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 Advance topics in Artificial Intelligence- Cloud
Computing and Intelligent agent
Cloud computing
The practice of using a network of remote servers hosted on the
Internet
to:
store,
manage,
and process data,
rather than a local server or a personal computer.

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Cloud computing and
AI(contd.)
Cloud computing and AI
While artificial intelligence (A.I.) has struggled to gain
footholds in other niches, it is finding its place in the
world of cloud computing, a sort of revolution within the
revolution that could rapidly change the face of businesses
using cloud computing solutions over the next few years.

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Cloud computing and
AI(contd.)
In three areas of cloud computing, A.I. is taking long strides.
Those areas are

 Parallel processing

 Machine Learning-ML Algorithms

 Big Data

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What’s parallel processing and how it work in
cloud
•Parallel processing means more than one microprocessor handling
parts of the same overall task. Parallel processing essentially means that
multiple processors shoulder the load. To have multiple processors
working on the same problem at the same time, there are two big
things you need:

Latency

Bandwidth
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What’s parallel processing and
how it work in cloud(contd.)
Latency
it refers to the amount of time it takes for a processor to send results back
to the system. The longer the wait, the longer it will take the entire system
to process the problem.

Bandwidth
Bandwidth is a more common term, referring to how much data a processor
can send in a given length of time.

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 ML algorithms for cloud
applications
Machine learning (ML) is a type of artificial
intelligence (AI) that allows software applications to
become more accurate in predicting outcomes
without being explicitly programmed

For cloud applications Machine Learning algorithms

are built

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ML algorithms for cloud applications(contd.)
ML algorithms for cloud applications involve:
Cognitive computing(to combine different patterns together; i.e. voice,
imagery or other such data; for mimicking human behavior)

Chatbots and virtual assistants (they are getting smarter every time they
have a conversation)
Internet of things-IoT (It connects every potentially “smart” machine in the
world to the cloud and add that massive amount of data to the conversation)

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 How AI uses big data
As business enterprises increasingly need a massive data-
crunching champion, cloud computing companies have begun
to deploy Artificial Intelligence as a service (AIaaS). Once
AIaaS is deployed, it can begin crunching data at a faster
rate than any single microprocessor or human mind could
ever hope to compete with.

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 AI has not come to take over our world, but to improve
the way we harness technology to make everything
better. Consider the surface of AI finally scratched. ??

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 Business Intelligence and Analytics

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 So, how does AI actually work in
the business world? let’s try to
understand what artificial
intelligence is and why it is so
important for today’s business
corporations.

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 What is Business Intelligence (BI)?

Business intelligence systems are used to maintain, optimize and streamline current operations. BI
improves and maintains operational efficiency and helps businesses increase organizational
productivity. Business intelligence software confers many benefits, notably powerful reporting and
data analysis capabilities. Using BI’s rich visualization mechanisms, managers are able to generate
intuitive, readable reports that contain relevant, actionable data.

Popular business intelligence solutions include; SAP BusinessObjects, QlikView, IBM Cognos, Microstrategy, etc.

https://selecthub.com/business-intelligence/business-intelligence-vs-business-analytics/

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 What is Business Analytics (BA)?

Like business intelligence, BA collects and analyzes data, employs predictive analytics and
generates richly visualized reports, helping identify and address an organization’s weak points.
That’s where similarities end. Business analytics software is used to explore and analyze
historical and current data. It utilizes statistical analysis, data mining and quantitative analysis
to identify past business trends.

Popular business analytics solutions include; SAP Business Analytics Suite, Pentaho BA, Birst BI and Tableau BIg Data Analytics.

https://selecthub.com/business-intelligence/business-intelligence-vs-business-analytics/

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 Business Analytics vs. Business Intelligence
• What will happen?
• What if and Why did it happen?
Vision, • Predictive Modeling

Business Mission
Statements
•
•
Simulation/Optimization
Advanced Statistic Models
“Sustainability” • Data Mining (Text, Multimedia)
Analytics “Efficiency”
“Innovation”
Business Services &
• Data Science

Business Objectives
New Optimized Retired
Services Services Services

Digital Organization • Who did that task?

CEO • What happened?
CMO COO CFO • Dashboards, Alerts
• Scorecards Monitoring
• Slice & Dice, Drilling
BI Business Process as a Service
More FlexibleMore Control
• Reports
Digital Initiatives
Enterprise
New Customers, Channels Business Process
Metamorphosis
Optimization/Outsourcing
Data Monetization IoT, Smart Devices Smart Workforce

Digital Platform • DWH

Digital
Big Data Cloud Security
• Data Lake

Danairat, 2016
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 Choosing between Business Intelligence (BI)
and Business Analytics (BA)

While superficially similar, the difference between business intelligence vs business analytics
is clear:
- BI uses past and current data to optimize the present for current success.
- BA uses the past and analyzes the present to prepare businesses for the future.

Choosing the solution for your business depends on your aims.

- If you are satisfied with your business model as a whole and mainly wish to improve
operations, increase efficiency and meet organizational goals, business intelligence may be
an optimal solution.
- If you intend to change your business model and need to know where to start, business
analytics might be the best option.

https://selecthub.com/business-intelligence/business-intelligence-vs-business-analytics/

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 Choosing between Business Intelligence (BI)
and Business Analytics (BA)

Business Intelligence (BI)

BI has the added advantages of targeting a business’s weak areas and providing actionable solutions to
those problems. Business Intelligence software is an excellent solution for managers who want to improve
decision making and understand their organization’s productivity, work processes and employees. And,
with that understanding, improve their business from the ground up.

Business Analytics (BA)

If your organization is a new entity, or in the midst of significant changes, business analytics software is a
serious contender. BA uses historical data, current information, and projected trends to ensure your business
makes the right changes. Business analytics is the solution if you want to analyze your company, your
market, and your industry with the dual goals of optimizing current performance and predicting business
trends to help you remain competitive in the future.

Most businesses want a combination of current success and future preparation. Alone or together, business analytics
and business intelligence can help you take your business where you want it to go.
https://selecthub.com/business-intelligence/business-intelligence-vs-business-analytics/

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 1. (Re)Identifying your
-
vision and missions
Strategic and Top Decision Making:-
Political and Policy Reports Vision,
- Economic Reports Mission
- Customer Analytic Statements
Trends “Sustainability”
- Technology Trends “Efficiency”
“Innovation”
- Economic Value Business Services &
Business Objectives
New Optimized Retired
Services Services Services

Digital Platform
Digital
Big Data Cloud Security

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 2. Identifying Business
Services and Objectives
Vision,
Business Services/Objectives:- Mission
- Social Listening Analytics Statements
- Customer Experiences / UX “Sustainability”
“Efficiency”
- Discover Unman Customers “Innovation”
- Demographic Analytics Business Services &
- Voice of Customers Business Objectives
- Objectives/Measurements New Optimized Retired
Services Services Services
Results

Digital Platform
Digital
Big Data Cloud Security

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 3. Identifying BI for Management Level
Vision,
Mission
Management BI:- Statements
• Promotion Impact Report “Sustainability”
“Efficiency”
• Channel Productivity “Innovation”
• Operational Efficiency Business Services &
• Profit and Loss Report Business Objectives
New Optimized Retired
• Compliance Reports Services Services Services
• Internal Policy Adoption
Digital Organization
CEO

CMO COO CFO

Digital Platform
Digital
Big Data Cloud Security

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 Digital Organization
CEO

CMO COO CFO

• CEO : combine all successes from all C-Level

• CMO: innovation for new products offering
• COO : operation and automation
• CFO : finance, budgeting, HR, Audit, QA and IT
• Put the right skill on the right role
• Promote paperless policy organization

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 Top Business Questions from CMO

CMO

Chief Marketing Officer (CMO), Innovation, Sales and Promotion:-

• Which customers should we target?
• What has caused the change in my pipeline?
• Which are my most profitable campaigns/region?
• Did store sales spike when we advertised in the local paper or
launched the campaign?
• What is the most profitable sales channel and how has that
changed over time?

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 Top Business Questions from COO

COO

Chief Operation Officer (COO):-

• Lead time and cost of production for each products
• Which order processing processes are most inefficient?
• Which vendors are best at delivering on time and on
budget?–
• How many additional personnel do we need to add per
branch?
• Percent of error or defect trend for each product

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 Top Business Questions from CFO

CFO

Chief Financial Officer (CFO):-

• What is the fully loaded cost of new products
deployment?
• What are the current trends in cash flow, accounts
payable and accounts receivable and how do they
compare with plan?
• What is the expected annual profit/loss based on
current marketing and sales forecasts?
• How are forecasts trending against the annual plan?

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 4. Identifying Operational BI
Vision,
Mission
Statements
“Sustainability”
“Efficiency”
“Innovation”
Operational BI:-
Business Services & - Task Tracking
- Alerts on Progression
Status
Business Objectives - Error correction and
New Optimized Retired
Services Services Services recommendation
Digital Organization
CEO

CMO COO CFO

Business Process as a Service

More Flexible More Control
Digital Initiatives
Enterprise
New Customers, Channels Business Process
Metamorphosis
Optimization/Outsourcing
Data Monetization IoT, Smart Devices Smart Workforce

Digital Platform
Digital
Big Data Cloud Security

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 Key Questions Type in each level of enterprise

Vision,
Mission Why
Statements
“Sustainability”
“Efficiency”
“Innovation”
Business Services &
Business Objectives When
New Optimized Retired
Services Services Services

Digital Organization
CEO
Who
CMO COO CFO

Business Process as a Service

More FlexibleMore Control
Digital Initiatives How
Enterprise
New Customers, Channels Business Process
Metamorphosis
Optimization/Outsourcing
Data Monetization IoT, Smart Devices Smart Workforce

Digital Platform What

Digital
Big Data Cloud Security

Danairat, 2016
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 5. Identifying BI and BA Platform
Vision,
Mission
Statements
“Sustainability”
“Efficiency”
“Innovation”
Business Services &
Business Objectives
New
Services
Optimized
Services Services
Retired BI &
Digital Organization Business
CEO Analytics
CMO COO CFO Platforms :-
• Traditional BI
Business Process as a Service • Big Data
More FlexibleMore Control • Cloud
Digital Initiatives • Digital Security
Enterprise
New Customers, Channels Business Process
Metamorphosis
Optimization/Outsourcing
Data Monetization IoT, Smart Devices Smart Workforce

Digital Platform
Digital
Big Data Cloud Security

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 Summary
• What will happen?
• What if and Why did it happen?
Vision, • Predictive Modeling

Business Mission
Statements
•
•
Simulation/Optimization
Advanced Statistic Models
“Sustainability” • Data Mining (Text, Multimedia)
Analytics “Efficiency”
“Innovation”
Business Services &
• Data Science

Business Objectives
New Optimized Retired
Services Services Services

Digital Organization • Who did that task?

CEO • What happened?
CMO COO CFO • Dashboards, Alerts
• Scorecards Monitoring
• Slice & Dice, Drilling
BI Business Process as a Service
More FlexibleMore Control
• Reports
Digital Initiatives
Enterprise
New Customers, Channels Business Process
Metamorphosis
Optimization/Outsourcing
Data Monetization IoT, Smart Devices Smart Workforce

Digital Platform • DWH

Digital
Big Data Cloud Security
• Data Lake

Danairat, 2016
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 Big Data for Business Analytics Platform

Customers Staffs Managers Partners Experts Executives

Big Data
Next Best Applications Cyber Talent
BI/Report
Action Analysis
Fraud Security Search

Big Data Platform

Descriptive/ Predictive Prescriptive
Diagnose Analytics Analytics Analytics

Monitoring,
Resource Parallel Data Processing, Refinery Security and
Management Control
and Metadata Distributed Data Store, Data Lake Framework
Framework
Ingestion and Acquisition

Big Data Infrastructure

Compute Storage, Network

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 Internet of Things and Real-time Data Feeds
Application
Areas

Smart Cities Smart Smart Smart E-Health Retail Logistics Industrial

Environment Energy Agriculture Control

37
Monika, 2015

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 Smart Home

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Monika, 2015

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 Chatbots, virtual assistants, and business
Based on these intelligence bots
capabilities, we
have seen
Targeted online advertising
multiple
applications of
artificial Predictive analytics

intelligence in
business in the Voice recognition
form of:
Pattern recognition
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 Sentiment Analysis

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Sentiment Sentiment Analysis

A thought, view, or attitude, especially one based mainly on

emotion instead of reasonSentiment Analysisaka opinion
mininguse of natural language processing (NLP) and
computational techniques to automate the extraction or
classification of sentiment from typically unstructured text

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 Sentiment analysis has many other
names
• Opinion extraction
• Opinion mining
• Sentiment mining
• Subjectivity analysis
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What is SA & OM?
• Identify the orientation of opinion in a piece of text

The movie The movie The movie

was fabulous! stars Mr. X was horrible!
• Can be generalized to a wider set of emotions

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 Positive or negative movie review?
• unbelievably disappointing
• Full of zany characters and richly applied satire, and some
great plot twists
• this is the greatest screwball comedy ever filmed
• It was pathetic. The worst part about it was the
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 Why sentiment analysis?
• Movie: is this review positive or negative?
• Products: what do people think about the new iPhone?
• Public sentiment: how is consumer confidence? Is despair
increasing?
• Politics: what do people think about this candidate or issue?
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5

• Prediction: predict election outcomes or market trends

from sentiment
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 Why compute affective meaning?
• Detecting:
• sentiment towards politicians, products, countries, ideas
• frustration of callers to a help line
• stress in drivers or pilots
• depression and other medical conditions
• confusion in students talking to e-‐tutors
• emotions in novels (e.g., for studying groups that are feared over
time)
• Could we generate:
• emotions or moods for literacy tutors in the children’s storybook
domain
• emotions or moods for computer games
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 Scherer’s typology of affective states
Emotion: relatively brief episode of synchronized response of all or most
subsystems in response to the evaluation of an event as being of major significance
angry, sad, joyful, fearful, ashamed, proud, desperate
Mood: diffuse affect state …change in subjective feeling, of low intensity but relatively long
duration, ojen without apparent cause
cheerful, gloomy, irritable, listless, depressed, buoyant
Interpersonal stance: affective stance taken toward another person in a specific interaction,
coloring the interpersonal exchange
distant, cold, warm, supportive, contemptuous
A]tudes: relatively enduring, affectively colored beliefs, preferences predispositions
towards objects or persons
liking, loving, hating, valuing, desiring
Personality traits: emotionally laden, stable personality dispositions and behavior
tendencies,
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typical for a person 117
nervous, anxious, reckless, morose, hostile, envious, jealous
 Google Product
Search
• a

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 TwiGer sentiment:
Johan Bollen, Huina Mao, Xiaojun Zeng. 2011.
Twitter mood predicts the stock market,
Journal of Computational Science 2:1,
1-‐8. 10.1016/j.jocs.2010.12.007.

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 Bollen et al. (2011)

• CALM predicts

CALM Dow Jones

DJIA 3 days
later
• At least one
current hedge
12
0
fund uses this
algorithm

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DEEP LEARNING

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 MACHINE LEARNING

• Train machine by ourselves

• Extract feature and feed to the machine
then apply algorithm to train it

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 ML VS DL

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DEEP LEARNING
•It’s a type of ML inspired by
human brain.

•In DL, the structure is called

artificial neural network.
•In DL, machine learns itself
using artificial neural
network that mimics
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 CONVOLUTIONAL
NEURAL NETWORK

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 CONVOLUTIONAL
NEURAL NETWORK (CNN)

• Image
recognition

• Image
classification

• Object detection

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 CNN LAYER

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 CONVOLUTION LAYER

• An image matrix (volume) of dimension (h x w x d)

• A filter (fh x fw x fd)
• Out put a volume dimension

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 Image Filter Convolved
Matrix Matrix Feature

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 STRID
E

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PADDING

•Pad the picture with

zero-padding so that it fits.
•Drop part where image did not
if. This called valid padding
which keep only valid part of
image.

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 SEPARABLE
CONVOLUTION LAYER

• The spatial separable convolution

is so named because it deals
primarily with the spatial
dimensions of an image and
kernel: the width and the height.
(The other dimension, the “depth”
dimension, is the number of
channels of each image).
I also use
this layer
in my
project too

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