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    Mechanical Engineering Design: Ilyas

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    Engr Jehangir Khan
    Expert systems (ES) are a form of artificial intelligence that use knowledge bases and inference engines to solve complex problems in specialized domains. An ES acquires knowledge from human experts and applies logical rules to deduce solutions. A typical ES consists of a knowledge base that stores facts about a domain and an inference engine that applies rules to the knowledge base. ES can capture expertise that may otherwise be lost and make it widely available, helping to standardize approaches and minimize errors. However, ES lack common sense and cannot be creative or adaptive like humans.

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    Mechanical Engineering Design: Ilyas

    Uploaded by

    Engr Jehangir Khan
    36 views14 pages
    Expert systems (ES) are a form of artificial intelligence that use knowledge bases and inference engines to solve complex problems in specialized domains. An ES acquires knowledge from human experts and applies logical rules to deduce solutions. A typical ES consists of a knowledge base that stores facts about a domain and an inference engine that applies rules to the knowledge base. ES can capture expertise that may otherwise be lost and make it widely available, helping to standardize approaches and minimize errors. However, ES lack common sense and cannot be creative or adaptive like humans.

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    Expert systems (ES) are a form of artificial intelligence that use knowledge bases and inference engines to solve complex problems in specialized domains. An ES acquires knowledge from human experts and applies logical rules to deduce solutions. A typical ES consists of a knowledge base that stores facts about a domain and an inference engine that applies rules to the knowledge base. ES can capture expertise that may otherwise be lost and make it widely available, helping to standardize approaches and minimize errors. However, ES lack common sense and cannot be creative or adaptive like humans.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    36 views14 pages

    Mechanical Engineering Design: Ilyas

    Uploaded by

    Engr Jehangir Khan
    Expert systems (ES) are a form of artificial intelligence that use knowledge bases and inference engines to solve complex problems in specialized domains. An ES acquires knowledge from human experts and applies logical rules to deduce solutions. A typical ES consists of a knowledge base that stores facts about a domain and an inference engine that applies rules to the knowledge base. ES can capture expertise that may otherwise be lost and make it widely available, helping to standardize approaches and minimize errors. However, ES lack common sense and cannot be creative or adaptive like humans.

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    You are on page 1of 14

    ME 362

    Mechanical Engineering
    Design
    Part 6.3

    Muhammad Ilyas
    Expert Systems (ES)

    ES is an active area of the field of Artificial Intelligence


    Problems are solved using an information database provided by
    the expert and decision rules for interpreting the data
    ES acquires knowledge through knowledge-acquisition
    software tools from a trained specialist called a
    knowledge engineer

    Knowledge engineer may obtains his


    knowledge from one or more experts in
    the technical area

    2
    Expert Systems Applications
    Computer application : performs a task that would
    otherwise be performed by human experts
    e.g. diagnose human illnesses, make financial
    forecasts, schedule routes for delivery vehicles
    ES : designed to take the place of humans or
    designed to assist them

    3
    Expert Systems (ES)
    A typical expert system consists of following
    elements :
    Knowledge Base
    Inference Engine
    Knowledge base : unique to particular domain / area
    and stores facts / knowledge about the related area
    Inference engine : applies logical rules to the
    knowledge base and deduced new knowledge / outcome

    4
    Expert Systems (ES)

    5
    Expert Systems (ES)
    Prime Advantage of ES is that:
    They capture the knowledge of experts that may
    otherwise be lost through death or retirement.
    They can contain the cumulative knowledge of several
    experts, they are available any time of the day or night
    and they can be distributed widely throughout an
    organization
    Disadvantage of ES
    Lacks common sense
    Cannot make creative
    responses as humans
    Errors may occur in
    knowledge base
    Cannot adopt to changing
    environments
    6
    Expert Systems (ES)
    Expert system Examples
    Diagnostic applications, servicing:
    People
    Machinery
    Computer Games ( Chess )
    Make financial planning decisions
    Configure computers
    Monitor real time systems (weather, aero plane routing)
    Underwrite (signing & accepting )insurance policies

    7
    Expert Systems (ES)
    Expert system Examples in medical
    Example of a diagnosis rule-based expert system is
    EMERGE designed to be used in an emergency room
    This system uses a form of production rules which
    incorporates weighing factors which are determined by
    a neural network

    8 [www.rpi.edu/]
    Expert Systems (ES)
    Benefits of Expert System in Design
    Capture valuable expertise and then to give it comfortably into the
    hands of novice / beginner (e.g. PV Elite )
    Improve the consistency of designs within an organization (e.g. for
    similar jobs)
    Minimize errors in problem solving
    Interface the ES with software for engineering analysis (e.g.
    Autoplant by Bentley)
    Search large databases for optimal selection of concepts,
    components and materials (e.g. material library, ANSI standards
    in CAD software)
    Search design libraries for similar designs
    Reduce cost of design while at the same time improving quality

    9
    Concept Generation

    10
    Conceptual Design

    Concept Generation : the stage of product development


    where the skills, experience and creativity of the design
    team are used to fulfill the customers needs

    Concepts are the means for providing function


    Any form that gives an indication how the function can
    be achieved
    What to do Function vs. How to do Concepts (forms)
    It is not necessary that the idea may be original

    11
    Conceptual Design

    First creative stage of any design : generate concepts


    e.g. choice between gasoline or electric powered vehicles
    Important rule in conceptual design : generate a few
    concepts and then select the best
    This requires creativity!

    12
    Creativity and Problem Solving
    Enhance your creative thinking :
    1. Develop a creative attitude: Develop self confidence
    2. Unlock your imagination : Answer to your own questions.
    Ask Why and What if
    3. Be persistent / determined: Dispel the myth that
    creativity occurs with a lightening strike
    Edison tested 6000 materials to use as filament in a light bulb
    Invention is 95% perspiration and 5% inspiration (Edison)

    13
    Creativity and Problem Solving

    Steps for enhancing creative thinking (contd.):

    4. Develop an open mind : Being receptive to ideas from any


    and all sources
    It is not necessary that a degree holder will solve your problem
    5. Suspend your judgment : Creative ideas develop slowly
    Forbear / withhold your comments at the early stage
    6. Set problem boundaries: Establish boundaries taking help
    from problem definition and QFD

    14

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