STS Chapter 2 (Part1to3)

Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 131

Part 1

Prof. Mary Ann m. Ferrer


Vikings began raiding and settling in
various parts of Europe, including
England, Ireland, Scotland, and
France.
Thank you!
Chapter 2: Science & Technology in Western European Civilization

1500 CE

Prof. Mary Ann m. Ferrer https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=2FAWAbGDxGAt


Access to Classical
Knowledge

Support from Caliphs


and Rulers

Integration of Knowledge
Mathematics
and Science
Pharmacy Islamic pharmacists were
skilled in compounding
medicines.

plant extracts, minerals,


and animal products, to
create pharmaceutical
formulations.

used in the treatment of


diseases and health
conditions.
medicine, philosophy,
astronomy, mathematics,
and chemistry.

"Canon of Medicine"

Founder of
early modern
medicine
Persian polymath
FATHER OF MODERN MEDICINE
Humours in the Medieval times
referred to what was believed to be
their four cardinal bodily fluids, the
innards which made a person healthy,
namely phlegm, yellow bile, black
bile, and blood.
Architecture
calligraphy is not a writing system
but rather a decorative and artistic
way of writing within various writing
systems.

The Latin script, also known as the Roman


script, is an alphabetic writing system based on
the letters of the classical Latin alphabet,
Islamic scholars translate works from Greek, Persian,
Sanskrit, and so on, to produce a new synthesis.
Astronomy played a key role in Islam itself and those who worked
to solve astronomical problems became interested in the
mathematical sciences for their own sake. Islamic astronomers
worked to create a further development of Ptolemaic astronomy
which was more fully consistent with Aristotelian physics.
was a hero to the Church, tried to
reestablish knowledge as a cornerstone of
medieval society

he instigated a revival in art, culture, and


learning, using the Catholic Church to
transmit knowledge and education.

He promoted astronomy, a field that he


loved to study, despite his inability to
read!

Charles the Great or Carolus Magnus


These universities were centers of learning and
scholarship, and they played a crucial role in the
development of education, culture, and intellectual
pursuits during that time.
The first instrument of this
power revolution was the
horse. Once the horse could
be harnessed to the heavy
plow by means of the horse
collar, which increased their
pulling power
A windmill is a structure that
converts wind power into rotational
energy by means of vanes called sails or
blades, specifically to mill grain.
A blast furnace is a
type of metallurgical
furnace used for
smelting to produce
industrial metals
Chapter 2
Western European
Civilization
Part 3

Prof. Mary Ann m. Ferrer


Western European Civilization
Renaissance
The Black Death
Age of Exploration
Technological innovations
2.3 the Scientific Revolution
The Black Death was a
devastating global epidemic of
bubonic plague that struck
Europe and Asia in the mid-
1300s.
Blood and pus seeped out of these strange swellings, which
were followed by a host of other unpleasant symptoms—
fever, chills, vomiting, diarrhea, terrible aches and pains
They know that the bacillus travels from person to person through the air, as
well as through the bite of infected fleas and rats.
The Byzantine Empire, also
known as the Eastern The Byzantine Empire
Roman Empire, emerged
from the Eastern portion of
the Roman Empire and was
officially established in the
4th century CE when
Emperor Constantine the
Great moved the capital
from Rome to Byzantium,
which he renamed
Constantinople (modern-
day Istanbul).
Fall of Constantinople:

As Ottoman forces penetrated the city, panic and chaos


spread among the defending Byzantine forces and the
civilian population. The Byzantine Emperor, Constantine
XI Palaiologos, died in the defense of the city.

The fall of Constantinople marked the end of the


Byzantine Empire
The Renaissance Period

The cultural, artistic, political and economic “rebirth” in


Europe, occurred during the 14th-17th centurie
The Renaissance Period

The Renaissance which means “Rebirth” marked the


transition of Europe from the Middle Ages to modernity.
Spinning jenny
a machine for spinning
with more than one
spindle at a time,
patented by James
Hargreaves in 1770.
Agriculture and Crafts
is a water mill that people use to full, or felt, their woolen
cloth to make a sturdy and windproof felted material
Metallurgy and Mining

Metallurgy is the branch of


science and technology
concerned with the properties
of metals and their production
and purification.
Metallurgy and Mining

Cast iron
Gold
Blast furnace
Warfare
Other Notable
Inventions
Artesian well
An artesian aquifer is a
confined aquifer
containing groundwater
under positive pressure.
This causes the water
level in the well to rise to
a point where
hydrostatic equilibrium
has been reached.
Wheel Barrow
Mirror Throughout European
Middle Ages mirrors
were simply slightly
convex disks of metal,
either bronze, tin, or
silver, that reflected
light off their highly
polished surfaces.
Spectacles
Alchemy
Alchemy in the Middle Ages was a mixture
of science, philosophy, and mysticism. At
the heart of medieval alchemy was the idea
that all matter was composed of four
elements: earth, air, fire, and water. With
the right combination of elements, it was
theorized, any substance on earth might be
formed.
Mathematics
Leonardo of Pisa or Fibonacci - Hindu-
Arabic numeral system
Nicole Oresme - used rectangular
coordinates system
Nicholas of Cusa - ideas on the infinite and
the infinitesimal
Art
Oil painting

Leonardo da Vinci
SISTINE CHAPEL CEILING DAVID THE PIETA
Manufacturing
Knowledge on how
to make concrete

Concrete was made


by mixing lime and
volcanic rock.
Navigation
Compass
Nautical maps
Mining and Metallurgy
Developed mineral resources :
copper
zinc
tin
lead
gold
Agriculture
Horse-driven seed drill by Jethro Tull
Printing
Printing Press by Johannes Gutenberg
Astronomy
Nicolas Copernicus- Heliocentric Theory

Tycho Brahe - collection of data of astronomical bodies

Giordano Bruno – not only does the Earth move, but so


does the sun
Astronomy
Astronomy
Spyglass from
lenses
Lens grinding
powerful telescopes
– 30x
magnification
Sir Isaac Newton – Laws of Motions

Christiaan Huygens – Elastic Collision Theory

Robert Boyle - “father of chemistry”

Antoine Lavoisier - developed an experimentally based theory


of the chemical reactivity of oxygen and coauthored the modern
system for naming chemical substances.
John Dalton –atomic model of an atom

Evangelista Torricelli – invented barometer

Blaise Pascal – vacuum exists in nature

Rene Descartes – Cartesian Coordinate sytem


Other discoveries and inventions

Watt’s steam engine by James


Watt
“Puffing Devil” by Trevithick
First railway steam locomotive
Other discoveries and inventions
Telegraph
Steam turbine by Sir Charles Parsons
electric currents by Alessandro Volta
electricity and magnetism
use of coal gas
Other discoveries and inventions

Filament bulbs by Thomas Edison


Combustion engine
Gas engine by Étienne Lenoir
Other discoveries and inventions
First gasoline automobile by Daimler and Benz
Other discoveries and inventions
First gasoline automobile by Daimler and Benz
Technology performed a service for the Scientific Revolution in this era by
providing it with instruments like:

The telescope for astronomy and navigation and map


making
The microscope for biology and botany
The researches of a number of scientists;
Robert Boyle of England with atmospheric
pressure

Otto von Guericke invented the first air pump and


used it to study the phenomenon of vacuum

Denis Papin with pressure vessels, helped to equip


practical technologists with the theoretical basis
of steam power.
The first commercially successful
industrial use of steam power was due to
Thomas Savery in London in 1698
The Industrial Revolution
was a period during which
predominantly agrarian,
rural and “preindustrial”
societies in Europe and
America became industrial
and urban
Electricity
Dynamo-Michael Faraday
(1832)

The dynamo was the first


electrical generator to power
factories. This produced direct
current (DC) electricity
End of the Chapter
Thank you!

You might also like