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3.5 Circular Functions

The document discusses circular functions and the six trigonometric ratios, including definitions of sine, cosine, tangent, cotangent, secant, and cosecant ratios. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating trigonometric ratios using the sides of right triangles based on the definitions. Practice problems are also included for readers to find trigonometric ratios given side lengths of right triangles.

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Rowly Pearl Nedic
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30 views12 pages

3.5 Circular Functions

The document discusses circular functions and the six trigonometric ratios, including definitions of sine, cosine, tangent, cotangent, secant, and cosecant ratios. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating trigonometric ratios using the sides of right triangles based on the definitions. Practice problems are also included for readers to find trigonometric ratios given side lengths of right triangles.

Uploaded by

Rowly Pearl Nedic
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Circular

Functions
Recall: A

RIGHT TRIANGLE – a triangle


with one right angle and two acute
angles
RIGHT ANGLE – an angle whose
measure is exactly 90°
B
ACUTE ANGLE - an angle whose ∆ABC is a right triangle where C
measure is less than 90° but greater C is a right angle and A and B
than 0°. are acute angles.
Relationship among Angles and Sides of a Right
Triangle

A Referring to the position of 𝜃,


b c the opposite side is side b, the
adjacent side is side a, and the
C 𝜽
B hypotenuse is side c.
a
Example: Determine the sides described in the following
numbers: A
1. side opposite to B.
b c
2. side adjacent to B.
3. hypotenuse C B
4. side adjacent to A. a
5. side opposite to A.
Answers:
1. b 2. a 3. c 4. b 5. a
The 6 Trigonometric Ratios
There are 6 trigonometric functions: sine, cosine, tangent,
cotangent, secant, and cosecant. They are abbreviated as:
sin, cos, tan, cot, sec, csc, respectively.
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑜
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 = =
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 ℎ
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑎
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 = =
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 ℎ
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑜
𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 = =
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑎
SOHCAHTOA
The 6 Trigonometric Ratios

𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑎
𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝜃 = =
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑜
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 ℎ
𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 = =
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑎
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 ℎ
𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝜃 = =
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑜
Example: Find the 6 trigonometric ratios in each triangle.
"##. )*+.
1. A 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = %&#. 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 =
"##.
' ,
= =
𝜽 ( '
3 5 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 =
)*+.
𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 =
%&#.
%&#. )*+.
, (
= =
C B ( ,
4 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 =
"##.
𝑐𝑠𝑐𝜃 =
%&#.
)*+. "##.
' (
= ='
,
2.
5
A C "##.
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = %&#. 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 =
)*+.
"##.
( -.
= =
-, (
)*+. %&#.
12 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 =
13 %&#. )*+.
-. -,
= =
-, -.
𝜽 "##. %&#.
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = )*+.
𝑐𝑠𝑐𝜃 =
"##.
( -,
B = =
-. (
?
3. C B
"##. )*+.
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 = "##.
%&#.
40 41 /
=
'0
= /
'-
𝜽 )*+. %&#.
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 =
A %&#. )*+.
'0 '-
= '- = '0
𝑐 ! = 𝑎! + 𝑏! "##. %&#.
𝑎! = 𝑐 ! − 𝑏! 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = 𝑐𝑠𝑐𝜃 = "##.
)*+.
/ '-
𝑎 = ± 𝑐 ! − 𝑏! = '0 =
/
𝑎 = ± (41)! −(40)!
𝑎 = ±9
𝑎=9
4. B 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 =
"##.
%&#.
𝜽 )*+.
? =
1
𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 = "##.
5 1-
(
=
1 1- =
1- 1
%&#.
C 6 A 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 =
)*+. 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 =
%&#. )*+.
( 1-
= =
𝑐! = 𝑎!
+ 𝑏! 1- (
%&#.
𝑐 = ± 𝑎! + 𝑏! =
( 1- 𝑐𝑠𝑐𝜃 =
1- "##.
𝑐 = ± (5)! +(6)! 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 =
"##.
=
1-
)*+. 1
𝑐 = ± 61 1
𝑐 = 61 =
(
Try this: For each number, use A to find the 6 trigonometric
ratios.
1. a = 8, b = 15, c = 17 B
2. a = 60 b = 11, c= 61
3. a = ? b = 24, c = 25
4. a = 13 b = 84, c=?
C A
5. a = 6 b=? c = 20
Try this: For each number, use A to find the 6 trigonometric
ratios.

6. a = 12 b = 35 c = 37 B
7. a = 14 b = 18 c = ?
8. a = ? b = 16 c = 22
C A

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