Wireline Procedure

WIRELINE DEPTH CONTROL PROCEDURE

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 Wireline Procedure

AMENDMENT LOG SHEET

Amendments shall be maintained by the QHSE Department and electronically archived in the QHSE system.

Revision Date Amendment Details Pages Section Author /

No. Editor

0 16 Jul 2019 Original Release. All All A.Ospina

K. Earl

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 Wireline Procedure

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 OBJECTIVE .......................................................................................................................................... 4

2.0 DEPTH CALCULATION / CORRECTION ......................................................................................................4
Measuring system depth correction ......................................................................................................................4
2.1 Calibrated Measuring Wheel .....................................................................................................................4
2.1.1 Electronic Measuring Heads (Refer to BenchMark or SmartHead Manuals for more information)....................4
2.1.2 Mechanical Measuring Head (Refer to Geo-Log Manual for more information).............................................5
2.2 Magnetic Markers....................................................................................................................................6
2.3 Depth Control Best Practices.....................................................................................................................6
2.3.1 Rig Up Length ...................................................................................................................................6
2.3.2 Zeroing the Tool and Datum Reference.................................................................................................6
2.3.3 Z-chart and Drum / Cable Marking .......................................................................................................7
3.0 DEPTH CONTROL STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES ............................................................................8
3.1 Non-primary Run ....................................................................................................................................8
3.2 Energetics Run (Plug Setting or Perforating) ...............................................................................................8
3.2.1 Procedure for Energetic Services..........................................................................................................9
3.3 Primary Run....................................................................................................................................11

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 Wireline Procedure

1.0 OBJECTIVE

The objective of this procedure is to establish proper practices in regard to depth control on wireline runs. When
Gyrodata is called for a wireline job it is very important that we provide our clients with the most accurate depth
measurement available. The importantance is elevated if our run is the primary run for the well since this will
determime the tops and bases of all geological formations and well as providing tie in data for subsequent wireline
runs. Open hole logs provide the primary depth on most wells drilled and completed and should be utilized for tie in
data when available.

2.0 DEPTH CALCULATION / CORRECTION

Measuring system depth correction

There are two methods of calculating and correcting depth.

 Calibrated Measuring Wheel

 Magnetic Marks

Both methods require seasoned cable well as the proper measuring wheel and a calibrated load cell (tension).

Both methods will correct for stretch. Stretch is the enlongation of the cable under tension and temperature. There
are two kinds of stretch, permanent and elastic. Elastic stretch is predictable by utilizing a K factor
(ft/1000ft/1000#).

2.1 Calibrated Measuring Wheel

2.1.1 Electronic Measuring Heads (Refer to BenchMark or SmartHead Manuals for more information)

When the wireline unit is equipped with an electronic measuring system like the BenchMark 3K or
5K System or NOV SmartHead System, the depth measurement can be calibrated by determining
the shim value and entering this value into the depth panel in order to correct the encoder output.

This shim value, also known as the depth coefficient, is the correction that needs to be applied in
the system to correct for the actual size of the measuring wheel. Since the depth panel does not
allow us to modify the wheel size value, the preset value in the depth panel is two feet. This is the
correct size when the wheel is brand new. However, with regular use this wheel gets worn and the
circumference is no longer exactly two feet.

This shim value can be calculated using a micrometer and a dial depth gauge. To be done correctly,
the measurements need to be done in a controlled environment. The measuring wheel needs to
be detached from the head and the measurements must be taken on a flat surface.

The formula to calculate the shim value is as follows:

500
𝑆ℎ𝑖𝑚 = [ 12 ]
∗ 𝜋(𝑊𝑑 ‒ 2𝐺𝑑) ‒ 1000
Equation # 1

Where:
Wd: Wheel diameter in inches
Gd: Groove depth in inches

Once the Shim value has been entered into the depth panel, you should only need to adjust the
depth one more time on bottom. You should notice a septh discrepancy between the passes logging
up and logging down, this is caused by the tension difference between passes.

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Wireline Procedure

To correct for tension differences use the following calculation:

1. Apply a stretch correction by the table provided by the cable manufacturer, or calculate a theorical
stretch utilizing the following formula:

𝐾𝐿
∆𝐿 = ( 2𝑆𝑇𝑢𝑜 ‒ 𝑆𝑇𝑢𝑐 ‒ 𝑆𝑇𝑑)
2
Equation # 2

Where:

K : Elastic stretch coefficient (ft/1000 ft/1000lbs)

L : Length of cable in the well in multiples of 1000 ft.
STuo : Surface tension moving up with calipers open in multiples of 1000 lbs.
STuc : Surface tension moving up with calipers closed in multiples of 1000 lbs.
STd : Surface tension moving down in multiples of 1000 lbs. (caliper must be closed)

2. If the wheel has been properly measured and the shim value entered into the depth panel is correct,
you can assume your depth is accurate. After reaching bottom and performing the correlation pass the
depth offset can be calculated. Input the offset into the depth panel before commencing the main pass.
In this case the log down is only considered on depth if there was no slack in the in-run.

The easisest way to find out if there was any slack in the inrun is recording two 100 ft log down passes,
if these two down passes are within 1 ft difference they are considered on depth. If both passes have
a difference greater than 1 ft, a stretch correction needs to be applied. Refere to equation # 2

2.1.2 Mechanical Measuring Head (Refer to Geo-Log Manual for more information)

When a wireline unit is equipped with a mechanical measuring system such as the conventional
Geo-Log measuring head, the calibration is a manual exercise. As with the electronic system, the
best results will be attained if the measurements and work are done in a clean and controlled
environment.

To perform a manual calibration you will need to remove the measuring wheel from the measuring
head and clean it thoroughly. The next step is to use a circumference measuring tape and take a
measurement of the circumference of the groove in the wheel, this should measure three feet. If
the measurement is less than three feet, which is very common as the unit racks up runs, the
measure rim will need to be adjusted out to make up for the discrepancy. To achieve this
adjustment, the measuring wheel mush be completely removed from the measuring head housing
and all encoder gears should be removed.

First, lossen the clamping screws on either side of the wheel. Once loose, clamp the hub axle in a
vice to prevent rotation of the inner wheel as we are just going to adjust the measuring rim. Place
a pair of allen wrenches or pin punches into the holes on opposite sides of the lock ring and turn
counter or anti clockwise to spread the measuring rim.

One complete revolution of the will correct the wheel measurement by 6 ft. / 1000 ft. of cable.
The inner when should have six spokes. Therefore, adjusting the measuring rim out one spoke
should correct the measurement 1 ft. / 1000 ft. of cable.

Once the desired amount of correction has been attained, replace the clamping screws and tighten.
Once tight, there should be 1/32” or more of gap at the clamping screws. If there is less than
1/32” of gap or no gap at all on one side, make sure to double check the opposite side to ensure
equal distribution of torque on the clamping screws. If there is less than 1/32” of gap on both
sides, the measuring rim needs to be replaced with a new one.

Measure the circumference of the measuring rim groove again. If the circumference measures
three foot, your calibration is complete. If it does not measure three foot, then continue to move
the measuring rim in the desired direction to change the circumference accordingly.

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Reassemble the measuring wheel and replace into the measuring head. Make sure to properly
reassemble all portions fo the measuring and tension systems on the head. Take special care to
grease all moving parts and that the encoder gears are properly aligned.
Once the measuring head is reassembled and made ready for use the measuring system should
be checked by pulling cable onto another unit with a measuring system which is known to be
accurate. If a second unit is not available, lay out 400-500 ft. of cable in 100 ft. incriments that
can be checked with a measuring tape.

If the measuring wheel is still off, go thourgh this procedure again to achieve the proper measuring
wheel circumference.

2.2 Magnetic Markers

Gyrodata does not currently utilize magnetic marks, so this procedure will be explained briefly. Magnetic
markers are built into cable at standardized depth incriments. If the calbe has been marked and the unit
has the proper detector, these marks can be tracked and counted to be utilized for depth and stretch
corrections.

2.3 Depth Control Best Practices

2.3.1 Rig Up Length

The purpouse of the rig up length measurements is to ensure nothing changed with the rig up
during the run. These changes can be caused by different reasons including:

 Not securing the unit with wheel chocks

 Movement of one of the sheaves
 Mechanical issues with the rig travel block
 Mechanical issues with the crane
 Third party moved the travel block
 Third party changed the boom length or position of the crane

The best way to meaure the rig up length includes flagging the cable during your inrun. Once the
tool has reached approximately 100 ft., attach a flag the cable at the measuring head and record
the depth on the panel. Proceed with the inrun until the flag has reached the entry point of the
wellbore and record this depth as well. Substract the first depth from the second depth, this will
be your Rig Up Length at surface (RULs).

RULs = (wellbore entry depth) – (recorded depth @ meauring head)

Continue with the in run and stop 300 - 500 ft. before reaching bottom and perform the same
procedure again. This time we will call the result of the substraction your Rig Up Length at bottom
(RULb).

RULb = (wellbore entry depth with toolstring at bottom) – (recorded depth @ measuring head
with toolstring at bottom)

If the values between RULs and the RULb differs by more than one foot this tells you something
in the rig up has changed. The issue needs to be identified and resolved before resuming the
operation. The depth also needs to be corrected using the following formula.

Corrected Depth = Panel Depth + (RULs-RUlb)

2.3.2 Zeroing the Tool and Datum Reference

Improperly zeroing the depth system is a common mistake in the field and can lead to depth
discrepancies in our runs creating quality and safety issues on jobs. There are few common reasons
these mistakes occur. One reason is that the length of the tool string is greater than the available
distance from the upper sheave to the wellbore entry point. Another common reason for the error
is the elevation reference of the wellbore entry point when running is different than the original
depth reference utilized when the primary run was performed. The second situation is common
due to open hole logs being primarily run off drilling rigs while most cased hole operations are run
after the drilling rig has left location. In this situation the rotary kelly bushing or RKB height is
commonly used as the datum reference.

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It is important to always know the relative position of the toolstring in the well and the datum
reference to be used. The rotary table elevation is normally used as the reference level where the
logs are zeroed, while ground level is commonly utilized as the permanent datum.

The toolstring should be zeroed referencing the bottom of the toolstring. This is the industry
accepted procedure for log acquisition. It is also the standard set up for the toolstring in the data
acquisition system of the unit, the first reading came form the sensor on the bottom of the tool
string. The diference between the bottom of the toolstring and the different sensor depths are
accounted for by offsets in the software.

If the total length of the toolstring is greater than the available clearance, the toolstring can be
zeroed either at the cable head or at the top sensor in the string. In this situation, tool length
measurements must be precise and taken into account when setting the toolstring up in the data
acquisition system and depth panel.

When our run is being performed off a workover rig or on a wellhead or rigless operation, the
original rig floor elevation or RKB height must be accounted for and corrected in the depth panel
and the data acquisition system. Zeroing the tool in this case usually results in a “positive” zero.

After the main pass is done the toolstring zero should be checked and verified. If a difference
greater than two foot exists, the cause needs to be investigated. A depth correction may be
necessary.

2.3.3 Z-chart and Drum / Cable Marking

The use of backup depth panels and Z-Charts and making sure to record specific depths and
tensions in a well (top of fluid, changes in tubular diameters, etc.) are common best practices for
use on every run on every job. These practices ensure that in the rare event the measurement
system fails while in the well, we can safely retrieve the toolstring from the wellbore as this
immediately becomes top priority. This priority escalates in the event of having live explosives or
radioactive materials in the toolstring. See figure #1 below for an example of a Z-chart or drum
wrap graph. In this chart the operator should note the number of wraps in the top layer the depths
and tension of the calbe when it reaches the flange on both sides of the drum.

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Fig. 1. Z-chart
This will provide a guide of the position of the toolstring in the well referencing the position of the
cable during the run.

Tagging the wireline and marking the drum flanges are other commom practices regularly utilized
to assist in the case of a depth system failure. Marking the drum and cable are always done when
multiple trips in the well are planned for the same rigup as with perforating or steering operations.
These are not depth control practices but will aid the crew referencing the position of the toolstring.

This practice of tagging the line is done by marking or “flagging” the line with an external element
that will differentiate one specific part of the cable. Most commonly a wax or paint stick is used,
but tape or any other non abrasive / corrosive element can be utilized. The drum should be marked
with a vertical line out from the cable at the flanges when a corner is made. This depth should be
noted for future use. This method is very similar to the Z-chart.

3.0 DEPTH CONTROL STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES

3.1 Non-primary Run

As discussed in an earlier section, our logging and hoisting runs will normally not be utilized as the primary
run so primary depth control procedures are unnecessary. Most of our logging and hoisting runs will be
depth correlated to a previous log, usally an open hole gamma ray log. However, if the run is the first
wireline run in the well all the primary run depth control procedures must be followed. The following is a
standard operating procedure for all runs not designated as primary.

1. Make sure the proper shim value is being used in the depth panel.
2. Properly zero the tool and RIH approximately 100 ft.
3. Measure your RULs.
4. Record all information on the Z-chart or wrap graph.
5. Log Down.
6. Stop 300 – 500 ft. from bottom and measure your RULb.
7. Gently tag bottom and start recording your repat pass. (Remember not to tag bottom if you expect an
anomaly that may result in a stuck tool.)
8. Correlate your repeat pass to the open hole gamma ray and depth correct as necessary.
9. Make the depth correction in the acquisition system and the depth panel is correct.
10. Gently tag bottom and perform the main logging pass.
11. Monitor the gamma ray to ensure it correlates to the open hole log.
12. Depth shift can be done “on the fly” through the acquisition system.
13. Depth shift the repat pass to match the main pass.

3.2 Energetics Run (Plug Setting or Perforating)

Energetic services are perhaps the most depth sensitive service offered. A perforating gun or plug setting
tool initiated off depth is considered a catastrophic event and can be extremely dangerous and costly for
both parties. These costs can include:

 Safety Incident
 Loss of well control
 Water influx
 Wellbore remediation
 Costly casing patches
 Loss of reputation

For this reason, after safety, depth accuracy is the most important part of any energetics operation including
perforating and plug setting. It is of vital importance the logging specialist is competent with correlation
procedures and offset determination. Under no circumstances will a logging specialist without proper
training be allowed to initiate or detonate any energetics device.

The logging specialist performing the service should ensure the log provided by the customer for depth
correlation purposes is the same log used to pick the plug and/or perforating depths. If the log provided
for depth correlation is not the same one utilized for selecting the plug and/or perforating depths, the
operation should be stopped and information relayed to the operations supervisor and company

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representative for a decision. If the decision is made to move the operation forward utilizing the log
provided, an abnormal operations document needs to be signed off by the customer representative.

The shooting gamma ray, also known as a gamma gun, is the ideal device to correlate directly to the open
hole gamma log. Gamma guns must be run with shock absorbers and proper maintenance to this equipment
must be performed every 10 shots. If a gamma gun is not available the other option is to utilize the collar
locator (CCL) to correlate depth to the collar log on a cased hole log like a CBL. The logging specialist must
note the proper offsets and record them in the depth acquisition system.

The offset measurements to be recorded are:

 Gamma Ray to Collar Locator offset

 Collar Locator to Top Shot distance (Tthe center of the CCL is proper measurement point)
 Collar Locator to Bottom Shot distance
 Collar Locator to bottom bullplug on the perforating gun
 Collar Locator to center of plug for plugging operations
 Total string length

The Warrior data acquisition system we utilize for logging and energetic services does a great job allowing
the energetic device to be detonated at the exact depth that shown on the sytem. However, all the software
controls became useless if the proper depth correlation procedure hasn’t been followed and input.

3.2.1 Procedure for Energetic Services

1. Obtain a copy of the log to be used for depth correlation, if possible get the LAS file.
2. Ask the customer if it is possible to double check the log to the open hole log.
3. Ensure the correlation log is correct and will serve its purpose.
4. Record all your offsets. Perforating gun or setting tool sketchs are very useful.
5. Ensure your offsets correspond to the tool chosen in warrior. If not, correct the service or add
a new tool with proper offsets into the system.
6. Before picking up the string always make sure the correct gun or setting tool is being picked
up.
7. Calculate your stop depth. Once the string has reached 250 ft. enter the depth into the system.
8. Zero the tool and ensure proper offset for the collar locator.
9. RIH and perform a log down, double check short joint depths and record them.
10. Correlate depth to a short joint.
11. Perform a correlation pass at least three collars above and below the perforating depth.
12. If a depth shift is required, do the correction and perform another correlation pass. Applying
a depth shift while performing the correlation pass it is not allowed. Always stop, apply the
shift then perform a new pass.
13. Print all correlation passess and keep them with the job file. If the correlation .LAS is available,
you can compare the correlation pass to the log on the system. Once the depth correlation is
confirmed you can proceed. Make as many depth correlation passes as necessary to confirm
the proper depth.
14. Go downhole at least three collars below the proposed blasting depth and begin the blasting
pass.
15. Stop at the desired blasting depth. Warrior will only allow you to shoot at the exact depth you
type into the system. IF IN DOUBT, DO NOT FIRE!
16. Initiate the energetic device. Make sure to notice the increase and drop in current along with
the tension change on the depth panel. Always have positive confirmation of the shot.
17. Perform a collar log on the way out of the well. To verify your shot depth for the customer,
you should move the collar log one interval to the right. If you input the shot depth into
Warrior, the system will automatically shift this trace for you. You should notice a spike on
both the collar and tension logs at the shot depth.
18. ALWAYS treat all explosive devices as a misfire until visual confirmation of the shot is
performed.

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3.3 Primary Run

If you are going onto a well and you do not have a log to perform a proper depth correlation to, or your
run will actually be the first logging run on the well, the following procedure must be utilized to ensure
proper depth acquisition.

1. Determine the shim value to be applied. Refer to the cable record book for manufacturer details.
2. Zero the toolstring. Enter zero or the correct offset depth in the depth panel and into the acquisition
system. If the operation involves energetics, apply the offset in the primary and backup depth panels
only until the toolstring is 250 ft. below surface. Then apply the offset in the software and enter your
blasting depth.
3. Record all data on the Z-chart or drum graph wrap (Figure 1).
4. Run in hole to 100 ft. and measure your RULs.
5. Record the log down.
6. Stop 300-500 ft. from bottom and measure your RULb.
7. If the diference between RULs and RULb is less than one foot, proceed to bottom. If the difference is
greater than one foot, investigate and resolve the cause and apply the proper depth correction.
8. Record the log down.
9. Log up the repeat pass.
10. Perform a new log down and compare it to the first log down. If the depth discrepancies are one foot
or less, you are considered to be on depth.
11. Apply the stretch correction or depth offset between log down and log up.
12. Change your depth in the acquisition system. If a backup panel is present, only apply the depth
correction to the primary panel and not the backup. If a backup panel is not available, do not apply
the depth correction to the primary. You will use the acquisition system as your primary depth and the
primary panel as your backup depth.
13. Log the main pass.
14. Make sure the main pass correlates to the repeat pass.
15. Re-zero the tool at surface. If the diference between the initial zero depth and the re-zero depth is
greater than two foot, investigate the cause and apply the proper depth correction. Probable causes
for this difference:

 Wrong stretch correction was applied at bottom

 RUL changed after bottom was reached
 Build up on the measuring wheels
 Measuring wheel slippage
 Unseasoned cable
 Plastic deformation

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