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    Commands:: A Complete Guide

    Uploaded by

    J. Karthick Myilvahanan CSBS

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Commands:: A Complete Guide

    Uploaded by

    J. Karthick Myilvahanan CSBS
    28 views9 pages

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    1711203548691

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    28 views9 pages

    Commands:: A Complete Guide

    Uploaded by

    J. Karthick Myilvahanan CSBS

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    SQL

    Commands:
    A Complete Guide
    02 codebasics.io

    Structured query language (SQL) is a programming language for storing and


    processing information in a relational database.

    In general, “Command” is an instruction given to a system or person to perform a


    specific task or function.

    SQL commands are instructions used to communicate with a database to perform


    tasks, queries, and modifications to database data.

    Provide the
    name of the
    person whose Dhaval
    roll number
    is 15.

    SQL Commands
    03 codebasics.io

    TYPES OF SQL COMMANDS

    DDL DML DCL TCL


    Create Select Grant Commit
    Alter Insert Revoke Rollback
    Drop Update Savepoint

    Truncate Delete

    1 DDL COMMANDS:
    DDL stands for Data Definition Language.

    DDL Commands are used to define, modify, and delete the structure of
    database objects like tables, indexes, views, and schemas.

    CREATE ALTER TRUNCATE DROP

    CREATE:
    This command is used to create new objects in the database.

    Syntax:
    CREATE TABLE table_name (column1 datatype, column2 datatype, ...);
    04 codebasics.io

    ALTER:
    This command is used to alter the structure of the database.

    Adding a Column to a Table

    Syntax:
    ALTER TABLE table_name
    ADD column_name datatype(size);

    Modifying the Data Type of a Column

    Syntax:
    ALTER TABLE table_name
    MODIFY column_name datatype(size);

    Dropping a Column from a Table

    Syntax:
    ALTER TABLE table_name
    DROP COLUMN column_name;

    Renaming the existing table’s column

    Syntax:
    ALTER TABLE table_name
    RENAME COLUMN old_column_name TO new_column_name;

    TRUNCATE:
    Removes all records from a table without deleting the table structure.

    Syntax:
    TRUNCATE TABLE table_name;

    DROP:
    Deletes an entire table and its data.

    Syntax:
    DROP TABLE table_name;
    05 codebasics.io

    2 DML COMMANDS:
    DML stands for Data Manipulation Language.

    DML commands are used for managing data within tables.

    They facilitate CRUD operations: creating, reading, updating, and deleting


    data, using INSERT, SELECT, UPDATE, and DELETE commands, respectively.

    INSERT SELECT UPDATE DELETE

    INSERT:
    Inserts new data into a table.

    Syntax:
    INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2) VALUES (value1, value2);

    SELECT:
    Retrieves data from one or more tables.

    Syntax:
    SELECT column1, column2 FROM table_name;
    06 codebasics.io

    UPDATE:
    Modifies existing data in a table.

    Syntax:
    UPDATE table_name SET column1 = value1 WHERE condition;

    DELETE:
    Removes data from a table based on a condition.

    Syntax:
    DELETE FROM table_name WHERE condition;

    3 DCL COMMANDS:
    DCL stands for Data Control Language.

    DCL Commands are used to grant and revoke user access to database
    resources.

    GRANT REVOKE
    07 codebasics.io

    GRANT:
    It is used to give user access privileges to a database.

    Syntax:
    GRANT <privilege_name> [ON <object_name>] TO <grantee> [WITH
    GRANT OPTION];

    REVOKE:
    It is used to give take-back access privileges from the user.

    Syntax:
    REVOKE <privilege_name> [ON <object_name>] FROM <grantee>
    [CASCADE | RESTRICT];

    4 TCL COMMANDS:
    TCL stands for Transaction Control Language.

    TCL Commands are used to manage changes made by DML operations.

    Final
    Output
    COMMIT ROLLBACK
    08 codebasics.io

    COMMIT:
    It is used to save all changes made during the current transaction.

    Syntax: COMMIT;

    ROLLBACK:
    It is used to revert changes made during the current transaction.

    Syntax: ROLLBACK;

    ROLLBACK without SAVEPOINT Final


    Output

    ROLLBACK

    ROLLBACK with SAVEPOINT

    ROLLBACK

    SAVEPOINT

    SAVAPOINT:
    It is used to save the different parts of the same transaction using different names.

    Syntax: SAVEPOINT savepoint_name;


    E n a b l i n g C a r e e r s

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    Dive deeper!
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