www.pmg.engineering Vol .03-Issue .

10-March 2024

TECH-KNOWLEDGE
The Official PMG Engineering Newsletter

FOOD & BEVERAGE ENGINEERING SCIENCE &

INDUSTRY & DESIGN TECHNOLOGY

PMG DESIGN+BUILD FOOD FACTORIES. ONE STOP ENGINEERING SOLUTION

Vol .03-Issue .10-March 2024

CONTENTS

1. WHITE PAPER
2-5
A. Lightning Protection Unit
B. Transformer

2. INDUSTRY BUZZ
Latest Food Industry News Updates 6-7

3. WEEKS HIGHLIGHT
A Look Into The Main Events Of The Week 8

4. DID YOU KNOW?

Fascinating Food Facts To Expand
9-13
Knowledge

PMG DESIGN+BUILD FOOD FACTORIES. ONE STOP ENGINEERING SOLUTION

Vol .03-Issue .10-March 2024

LIGHTNING PROTECTION UNIT

Introduction 1.Air terminal

Air terminal is used to intercept lightning strike. It
provide a low resistance path to lightning strike
and it is connected to downconductor and down
Lightning is an atmospheric discharge of electricity conductor is connected with earthing electrode
from thunder, occurs during thunderstorms. The which is directly kept into soil mud. Whenever
atmospheric discharge lightning can travel at ligtning strike hits, the whole current is discharged
speed of light and its temprature can reach upto through air terminal- which is connected to
30,000 degree celcius. The effect of lightning strike ground electrode instead of building structure.
may cause thousands of death every year. It is a
natural phenomenon occuring at any day and this 2.Downconductor
discharge produce a wide range of electromagnetic Down conductor provide a low resistive path to
radiation. lightning current from air terminal to ground
electrode. It should be installed vertically and
Lightning protection unit are designed to protect straight to avoid the bending of down conductor.
the building structures, industrial appliances, This shall ensure minimum inductance because of
commercial building, HT substation, electrical resistance in the path of discharging current and
equipments, communication transmission lines etc surges.
from damage effect of lightning strike. It play a
very important role in safety from lightning storms. 3.Grounding
A lightning strike could bring thousands of mega It play a very important role in discharging
ampere current within milliseconds. As a result, lightning current. It dissipates all the lightning
failure of home and industrial appliances, fire in current into a big mass of soil. The soil resistivity
building structures, home etc and may cause death should be less than 10 ohm for comfortable
also. discharge of current, according to electrical
standard. A typically earth electrode of copper
alloy is deep driven vertically into the soil. Soil
Components of lightning protection have finit conductivity so that current discharges
easily. The mixing of charcoal and salt is done in
devices soil pit to decrease the resistivity of soil.

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PMG DESIGN+BUILD FOOD FACTORIES. ONE STOP ENGINEERING SOLUTION
Vol .03-Issue .10-March 2024

Lightning Arrestor Conclusion

PLATE HEAT EXCHANGER

These devices are designed to protect the All electrical equipment in an electrical system
transmission line, insulations, switchgears, needs to be protected from voltage surges. The
transformers communication line by the effect of rating of arrestor, the class of arrestor and location
lightning strike. They directly installed to power of arrestor all play a important role in the surge
substation , distribution system or protection. In protection of substation, we use
telecommunication line. It has ground termininal different class of lightning arrestors to protect the
and high voltage terminal and whenever lightning electrical equipment and In ships, water is used to
travel along the power line to arrestor then current discharge voltage.
through surges diverted by arrestor to earth. In
telegraphy and telecommunication, it is placed
where wires enter a structure so that preventing
damage to electronic instrument and ensuring
safety near to them. Their purpose is basically to
limit the rise in voltage when power lines are struck
by lightning.

1.Station class
Typically used in power stations or substations and
other high voltages structure and areas. It is
designed to protect equipment above 20MVA range.

2.Intermediate class
Designed to used in medium voltage equuipment
areas, electrical substaions, transformer or other
substation equipment and it is designed in range of
1 to 20 MVA.

3.Distribution class
Most commonly found on transformers and are
commonly used in equipments rated at 1000kva or
less.

4.Secondary class
Found in homes and commercial buildings and
provide least amount of protection to electrical
system.

PMG DESIGN+BUILD FOOD FACTORIES. ONE STOP ENGINEERING SOLUTION

Vol .03-Issue .10-March 2024

TRANSFORMER

Introduction 2.Step down transformer

This transformer decreases level of voltage from

primary to secondary. In this transformer, secondary
It is static device used to step up and step down of turns are less than primary turns. It is used mainly in
voltage level without change in frequency and distribution and load side. This transformer has a wide
power. Transformer works on the mutual induction variety of application like distribution side and
principle. This principle states that when electric electronic devices etc. When it comes to operating
current flows in primary winding supply then due voltage, the step up transformer application can be
to alternating nature of supply voltage, it develops roughly divided into two groups: LV (voltages up to 1kv)
varying nature of flux and whenever varying mutual and HV (voltages above 1kv).
flux linked to a secondary winding through core
then according to faraday law, whenever either
conductor cuts a magnetic flux or magnetic flux
cuts a conductor, EMF produced in conductor,
Construction of transformer
hence in this way, EMF developed on secondary
winding.
1.Core
Types of Transformer The core of transformer is typically built with high
permeability materials, such as silicon steel
laminations.

1.Step up transformer 2.Conservator

It is used to step up the level of voltage. This A cylindrical tank plays a key role in transformer. It
transformer increases voltage from primary to is arranged over the main tank roof so that
secondary winding. In this transformer, secondary sufficient space can be provided to expand to
turns are more than primary turns. This transformer oil. Once the temperature increases,
transformer has made long distance transmission then oil volume can also be increases, then oil
power practical because it steps up the voltage and volume can also be increased. Then oil goes to
corresponding it decrease current at same ratio conservator tank after cooling down it returns to
hence, due to decreases the current level there is main tank.
much less power losses in line. This is used
generally for long distribution.

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Vol .03-Issue .10-March 2024

3.Breather
Distribution voltages classes and
As a temperature of transformer increases, the
insulating oil in transformer heats up. When oil
standard ratings of transformer
heats up and spreads, the transformer breathes air
in and oil is cooled down and oil level is consumed.
The oil level in chamber rises and reduces as 1.Small transformer
breather brings the air in and out to cool the air.
The air carries moisture, which contaminates oil They are used for stationary, portable or hand held
and thus deteriorates the consistency of oil. The power supply units. They may be used to supply three
breather is packed with silica gel to remove phase power up to 40kva at frequencies up to 1mhz.
moisture content.
2. Distribution Transformer
4.Radiator
They are used to distribute power to domestic
The basic function of radiator is to cool down the premises. They may be single phase or three phase.
transformer oil. Oil immersed power transformer is They have rating ranging from16kva up to 2500kva
generally provided with detachable pressed sheet and this type of transformer like 11, 6.6, 3.3, 440 sand
radiator with isolating valves. But in case of small 230V.
size distributing transformer, the radiators are
generally integrated parts of transformer body and 3. Supply Transformer
projected from main tank. The working principle of
radiator is very simple. They are used to supply larger industrial premises or
distribution substations. Ratings ranging from 4mva
5.Bushings to 30mva, with primary winding rated up to 66kv and
secondary up to 36kv.
Bushings are the insulation system in construction
of transformer that enables an electrical conductor 4. Transmission transformer
to safely transfer electrical energy through it. When
a significant volume of electrical energy travel They are among largest and highest voltage
through it, it provides electrical field power to transformer in use. They are used to transmit power
withstand insulation of conductor. between high voltage networks and Rating ranging
from 60mva to 1000mva and winding are rated at 33,
6.Buchholz relay 66,132, 275 and 400kv.

In order to protect of transformer from internal 5. Power or step up transformer

short circuit due to oil, buchholz relay is used for
oil immersed transformer, buchholz relay is an oil Power is usually generated in large power station at
and gas actuated relay which sense the fault typically 11kv-20kv, and this transformer are used to
occurring in the part immersed in transformer. step up voltage. These transformers are usually rated
at 400, 500, 630,800 or 1000mva and transmit power
at 66, 110,132,220, 400 and 765kv.

PMG DESIGN+BUILD FOOD FACTORIES. ONE STOP ENGINEERING SOLUTION

 FOOD INDUSTRY

INDUSTRY BUZZ
The growing importance of copper in Kingfisher Ultra Max lifts the bar with the
Indian kitchens: Copper is here to stay in release of their premium draught beer in
our kitchens. Karnataka.

With its deep reddish-brown colour, copper has long The release of Kingfisher Ultra Max draught beer in
played a significant role in Indian culture. It has been Karnataka has been announced. The beer is known for its
passed down through the years and is valued in Indian exceptional taste and premium quality. Following its
households for its inherent health benefits and aesthetic tremendous success in Punjab and Chandigarh, Kingfisher
appeal. Ultra Max is poised to improve the Bengaluru and Mysuru
consumer experience.
Recall our grandmothers telling us stories about using
their exquisitely wrought copper pots and plates to hold It is the epitome of sophistication and luxury, expertly and
food and water. The ancient Indian holistic medical thoroughly crafted. Ultra Max Draught Beer is a golden beer
system known as Ayurveda held copper vessels in high with unrivalled taste and strength thanks to its special
regard due to their ability to improve overall health, combination of four hand-selected premium malts that are
strengthen immunity, and facilitate better digestion. expertly roasted and go through a rigorous six-step filtration
Although our knowledge of these advantages has grown, process.
our affection for copper has remained strong.
United Breweries Limited's chief marketing officer, Vikram
The burgeoning trend of health-conscious and Bahl, stated: "Kingfisher Ultra Max Draught Beer's
environmentally sensitive lifestyles has sparked a introduction in Karnataka represents a critical turning point
renewed fascination with copper. in our history.

PMG DESIGN+BUILD FOOD FACTORIES. ONE STOP ENGINEERING SOLUTION

 Artificial coloring in 'Gobi Manchurian'
With HerStore, Britannia Marie Gold
and 'Cotton Candy' is forbidden by
continues to support female businesses.
Karnataka govt.

Because the use of artificial colouring in "Gobi Britain One of the top cookie companies in India, Marie Gold,
Manchurian" and "Cotton Candy" hurts public health, has introduced HerStore, a special online community for
particularly among youngsters, the Karnataka government female entrepreneurs. It is intended to provide a forum for
has outlawed its use in all 31 districts. all Indian women entrepreneurs to receive ongoing
assistance. The brand's dedication to building a positive
The Food Safety and Quality department claims that digital ecosystem where female entrepreneurs gather and
samples of the "Cotton Candy" and "Gobi Manchurian" support one another to achieve more and be more is
items offered here were gathered and examined in labs. encapsulated in the motto "Saath Judo, Saath Udo."
107 of the 171 "Gobi Manchurian" samples collected had
dangerous artificial colours like "Tartrazine," "Sunset It has demonstrated its dedication by taking the lead and
Yellow," and "Carmoisine." launching a distinctive marketplace that features only goods
and services that women own. Soon, the portal will also
Out of the 25 Cotton Candy samples gathered, 15 had provide a full range of workshops, training sessions, and
dangerous artificial colors like tartrazine, sunset yellow, upskilling films designed to provide female entrepreneurs
and rhodamine B. with the know-how and abilities they need to succeed in a
changing market.

Experience Australia's wonders at Aahar in

2024.

To capitalize on the prospects presented by the Australia-India

Economic Cooperation and Trade Agreement (AI-ECTA) and the
growing Indian middle class's desire for high-quality agri-food
products, Australian premium food and beverage companies will
present their finest offerings at Aahar 2024, establishing
connections with Indian enterprises and consumers.

The Australian Trade and Investment Commission (Austrade), in

collaboration with the state governments of Victoria and New
South Wales, is bringing together twenty-plus Australian firms to
exhibit their products at the Australian Pavilion, which will be
housed in Hall No.1, Stand No.1G-02A in Aahar 2024.

The Australian pavilion at Aahar 2024 will include goods from

various categories, including premium health food items, sheep
meat, marine and aquaculture, horticulture, cereals, and pulses.

PMG DESIGN+BUILD FOOD FACTORIES. ONE STOP ENGINEERING SOLUTION

 WEEKS

NON-TECHNICAL CONTENT
HIGHLIGHT
8 MARCH

MAHASHIVRATRI
Mahashivratri is a Hindu festival celebrated annually in
reverence of Lord Shiva. It marks the night of his cosmic
dance, symbolizing creation, preservation, and
destruction. Devotees observe fasting, offer prayers,
and engage in rituals to seek blessings and spiritual
enlightenment.

8 MARCH

INTERNATIONAL WOMEN'S DAY

International Women's Day celebrates the social,
economic, cultural, and political achievements of
women worldwide while advocating for gender
equality. It serves as a reminder of the ongoing fight
for women's rights and highlights the importance of
women's empowerment in all spheres of life.

12 MARCH

RAMADAN
MARCH

Ramadan, the holiest month in Islam, symbolizes

spiritual reflection, fasting, and community. It's a time
for introspection, self-discipline, and compassion
towards others. As Muslims worldwide observe dawn-
to-dusk fasting and engage in increased prayers and
charity, let's embrace the values of unity and empathy.

PMG DESIGN+BUILD FOOD FACTORIES. ONE STOP ENGINEERING SOLUTION

 DID YOU KNOW?

TECHNICAL CONTENT
1/3 2/3

Fact 1

Canned foods offer convenience, versatility,

and extended shelf life, making them a staple
in modern kitchens. From vegetables to
meats, soups to fruits, they provide quick and
easy meal solutions without compromising
nutrition. With advancements in packaging
technology, canned foods retain freshness
and flavor, offering a reliable source of
3/3 sustenance for households worldwide. Their
accessibility and long-lasting nature make
them an essential component of any pantry.
MARCH

PMG DESIGN+BUILD FOOD FACTORIES. ONE STOP ENGINEERING SOLUTION

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Fact 2

Chocolate, a beloved indulgence, tempts with its

rich taste and velvety texture. Originating from
cacao beans, it's crafted into myriad forms, from
decadent bars to delicate truffles. Beyond its
sensory pleasure, chocolate holds cultural
significance, symbolizing love, comfort, and
celebration worldwide. With its tantalizing aroma
and irresistible flavor, chocolate remains an
3/3 enduring delight, enticing generations with its
timeless allure."
MARCH

PMG DESIGN+BUILD FOOD FACTORIES. ONE STOP ENGINEERING SOLUTION

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Fact 3

From essential olive oil to versatile coconut oil,

various oils offer unique flavors, health benefits,
and culinary uses. Nutritious options like avocado
oil boast high monounsaturated fats, while
sesame oil adds depth to Asian dishes. Flaxseed
oil is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, beneficial for
heart health. Each oil brings its own distinct
profile, enhancing cooking and promoting
3/3 wellness in diverse ways.
MARCH

PMG DESIGN+BUILD FOOD FACTORIES. ONE STOP ENGINEERING SOLUTION

Vol .01 Newsletter
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Fact 4

Frying fat plays a crucial role in culinary

practices, enhancing flavor and texture while
influencing the overall quality of fried dishes.
Proper selection and management of frying fats
are essential to achieve desired results, balancing
factors such as smoke point, flavor absorption,
and health considerations. From traditional
choices like vegetable oils to specialized fats,
3/3 understanding their properties ensures optimal
frying performance and culinary satisfaction.
MARCH

PMG DESIGN+BUILD FOOD FACTORIES. ONE STOP ENGINEERING SOLUTION

Vol .01 Newsletter
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Fact 5

Margarine, a versatile alternative to butter,

offers a spreadable, flavorful option for cooking,
baking, and spreading. Made from vegetable oils,
margarine provides a source of unsaturated fats,
essential for a balanced diet. With its lower
saturated fat content compared to butter,
margarine can contribute to heart health when
consumed in moderation. Enjoy its creamy
3/3 texture and rich taste in various culinary
creations.
MARCH

PMG DESIGN+BUILD FOOD FACTORIES. ONE STOP ENGINEERING SOLUTION

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Vol .03-Issue .10-March 2024

PMG ENGINEERING

About PMG
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