The document discusses two types of processes: natural life cycles and production processes. It provides examples of summaries for a honey bee life cycle diagram and a ladybird life cycle and anatomy diagram. It also gives an example summary for a waste paper recycling flow chart. The document provides guidance on writing process summaries in IELTS exams.
The document discusses two types of processes: natural life cycles and production processes. It provides examples of summaries for a honey bee life cycle diagram and a ladybird life cycle and anatomy diagram. It also gives an example summary for a waste paper recycling flow chart. The document provides guidance on writing process summaries in IELTS exams.
The document discusses two types of processes: natural life cycles and production processes. It provides examples of summaries for a honey bee life cycle diagram and a ladybird life cycle and anatomy diagram. It also gives an example summary for a waste paper recycling flow chart. The document provides guidance on writing process summaries in IELTS exams.
The document discusses two types of processes: natural life cycles and production processes. It provides examples of summaries for a honey bee life cycle diagram and a ladybird life cycle and anatomy diagram. It also gives an example summary for a waste paper recycling flow chart. The document provides guidance on writing process summaries in IELTS exams.
PROCESS There are 2 types of processes in the IELTS writing test:
1. Natural process (Life cycles)
The diagram shows the life cycle of the honey bee.
2. Production process ● Important notes:
1. Mention every step in the process
2. Use ‘sequencing’ language e.g. at the first/second/following/final stage of the process,
next, after that, then, finally ...
3. Times are not usually shown, so use the present simple tense.
4. Usually the passive voice is used.
● Common structure
- The Introduction: Paraphrase the rubric
- The overview:
✔ Sentence 1: How many steps are there in the process? Time might be indicated.
✔ Sentence 2: How does the process begin and end?
- Detailed paragraph 1 +2: Describe every step (including the first and last step) in more
detail.
Life cycles The diagram shows the life cycle of the honey bee. Sample answer
The diagram illustrates the various stages in the life of a honey bee.
We can see that the complete life cycle lasts between 34 and 36 days. It is also noticeable that there are five main stages in the development of the honey bee, from egg to mature adult insect.
The life cycle of the honey bee begins when the female adult lays an egg; the female typically lays one or two eggs every 3 days. Between 9 and 10 days later, each egg hatches and the immature insect, or nymph, appears.
During the third stage of the life cycle, the nymph grows in size and sheds its skin three times. This moulting first takes place 5 days after the egg hatches, then 7 days later, and again another 9 days later. After a total of 30 to 31 days from the start of the cycle, the young adult honey bee emerges from its final moulting stage, and in the space of only 4 days it reaches full maturity.
Practice: Sample answer
The first diagram illustrates the stages in the life of a lady bird, while the second diagram shows its body structure.
Overall, there are four stages in the life cycle of a lady bird from egg to adult insect. The lady bird’s anatomy is characterized by colorful elytra of red and black.
Initially, eggs are laid on the underside of a leaf and remain there for between two to five days. After this, larvae emerge from the eggs and continue in the form for 21 days. At the end of the three weeks, the pupa stage begins where the larvae pupate by curling into a pupa on the backside of a leaf and this lasts for 7 days. At the end of this stage, an adult lady bird emerges and the life cycle starts again.
The second diagram shows that the lady bird has bright red elytra with black spots that cover both the wings and the abdomen. It also has six legs in total, three on each side. On its head, it has eyes and antennae, while just behind the head there is the pronotum.
Production process
The chart below shows the process of waste paper recycling.
Sample answer The flow chart shows how waste paper is recycled. It is clear that there are six distinct stages in this process, from the initial collection of waste paper to the eventual production of usable paper.
At the first stage in the paper recycling process, waste paper is collected either from paper banks, where members of the public leave their used paper, or directly from businesses. This paper is then sorted by hand and separated according to its grade, with any paper that is not suitable for recycling being removed. Next, the graded paper is transported to a paper mill.
Stages four and five of the process both involve cleaning. The paper is cleaned and pulped, and foreign objects such as staples are taken out. Following this, all remnants of ink and glue are removed from the paper at the de-inking stage. Finally, the pulp can be processed in a paper making machine, which makes the end product: usable paper.
