Globalization of Technology The Summary by Joshua M.

Submitted by: Joshua Marquez
Submitted to: Ms. May Borbon. Date: Jan.

31, 2024
Chapter 18
Globalization of Technology
Technology is a technique, a process, or a material good
emerging from the use of science in addressing human
problems. Flow of technologies across borders. If there is
something so profound in our experience of the modern world,
that is the seemingly indispensable role of technology in our
daily lives. Technology as we have been taught in our science
subjects as that which refers to the application of science, is
something that comes forth from using the systematic body of
knowledge we possess to respond to pressing issues and
problems that we face. Wahab, Rose, and Osman (2012) have
surveyed literatures on the matter and found that there are quite
a number of definitions and characteristics of technology. Some
of these definitions are as follows (Wahab, Rose, & Osman.
2012, p. 62): possessing a physical and an informational
component (Kumar et al. 1999), configuration/system (Sahal,
1981), and knowledge (Dunning 1994). Hence, the authors
concluded that technology, in essence, is either a technique or a
way of doing things.
Historically, we can glean that technological advancement has
trodden a long, winding, and often turbulent road-a process
commonly referred to as the industrial revolution (IR)-wherein
humanity has found a way to maximize the available resources
that they can tap toward the advancement of their aspirations
individually and collectively. Priescaru (2016), as cited by Xu,
David, and Kim (2018), summarized the industrial revolution
and divided eras into four. People in the first IR used coal as
their primary source of energy and created the steam engine”
Those in the second IR discovered oil and electricity and
designed the internal combustion engine. Computers and robots
are the main achievements of the third IR, where nuclear energy
and natural gas were found as potential source of energy. And,
nowadays, we are in the era of the fourth IR where the goal is to
maximize the use of green energies, amidst the proliferation of
the Internet.
Technological Diffusion and Globalization, In the age of
globalization, technology also flows in and out across borders.
This process can be referred to as technology diffusion. It is
essential to look at technology diffusion because, the inflow and
outflow of technology is simultaneous to economic, political,
and cultural flows.
Technologies are goods that are bought and sold in the market.
Think about the cars that you see on the streets, which are
mostly produced in China, USA, Japan, and India (International
Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers; OICA, 2018).
Think about the raw materials from other territories which are
Testured to produce particular technologies, and thus are
imported/exported minor metals are being imported to China in
large quantities to produce teel, OECD, 2011), Some
technologies in the market also have political ulidertones.
Between 2014 to 2018, for example, US, Russia, France,
Germany, nd China were found to be the top five arms exporters
in the world, while Saudi Arabia was among the topmost
importers, based on a report by Stockholm International Peace
Research Institute (SIPRI) (Deutsche Well, 2019)
Many may be oblivious to the link between technology and the

economy and politics. This issue may even be beyond the
immediate sphere of concern of the ordinary citizen. However,
we easily recognize the cultural value of technology, especially
in the context of those technologies we use in our daily lives.
Digital technologies such as smartphones, laptops, and other
computing device are very well within our reach.
There are also those referred to as digital immigrants, people
who were not born into the digital world but are coping and
adopting new technologies. The emergence of the Internet of
Things (IOT) makes human-computer interaction speedier and
more reliable, making it possible to manage very important
services such as transportation, healthcare, and security. We see
nowadays, for instance, that we can already watch over our
home even when we are far away from it through security
cameras that are linked via the Internet. A doctor from another
country can provide professional advice or, in some cases, can
even conduct medical procedures to a service user in another
place (telemedicine). Even interviews, meetings, and
educational activities can be done via Skype, Zoom, and other
teleconferencing technologies. Because of technology, we are
already capable of doing synchronous (real-time)
communication even amidst distance. At the same time, when
the one we need to talk to is not available, it is possible for us to
engage into asynchronous communication such as when we
leave messages through emails and messengers that our friends
and families can respond to later on. Aviation technology has
also become more dependable in recent years, allowing more
and more people to travel long distances at a cheaper rate than in
the past. There are four major developments in aviation
technology. According to Martin (2018): (a) digital twin, which
is a digital and virtual replica of the physical aircraft engine
which enables efficient monitoring of the aircraft: (b) use of
artificial intelligence (Al) for predictive maintenance, i.e.,
predicting possible issues that may arise in the aircraft; (c) use
of mobile computing in aviation; and (d) use of drones in
aircraft maintenance procedures. There is a movement toward
green architecture as an impact of the recent clamor to address
ecological breakdown. People are beginning to realize that our
environment is at the tipping point and if we do not do
something about it, everything that we do haphazardly to our
environment may boomerang. Alongside the movement toward
environment-friendly infrastructures is the preference for green
energy or renewable sources such as wind, hydropower,
geothermal heat, etc. With the pressing issue on the
environment, there emerges also new currencies such as for
instance the carbon credits-the allowable amount of carbon
emission that a country can have, which can actually be used in
the carbon trade. New business models have also emerged in
recent years. Entrepreneurs bring in their businesses into the
electronic world, thus, the birth of e-commerce Online platforms
such as Lazada, Amazon, and Shopee are made available where
you can buy and sell products. Even businesses with physical
stores are putting up online platforms to extend their reach,
Social network media such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram
are used as marketing and advertising tools. Banks have also put
up electronic platforms where clients can hold transactions (ie,
bills payment, money transfer) without having to appear
physically in a physical banking infrastructure. In travel and
transportation services, there are platforms where clients can
book tickets, manage their bookings, and even cancel and
perform other transactions related to their trip. Business
processes in a territory can also be done overseas through
business process outsourcing (BPOs), facilitated by reliable
Internet connectivity and dependence communication
technologies.
Humanity is the creator of technology. As humans realize that
there are problems and obstacles to their aspirations for a better
life, technologies will continue to emerge. In the age of
globalization, where new needs and concerns are being
recognized and realized, it is expected that new technologies
will also come to the fore. Facilitated by the flows of goods and
services which is characteristic of globalization, technology
diffusion is a probable occurrence. In this lesson, we have
discussed various technological developments and reflected on
the implications of these advancements in the age of
globalization. In the end, humans, as we are, capable of rational
thinking, should continually reflect: are these technologies we
bring forth into the world going to help us really achieve the
kind of future we desire? We should also ask: As we enjoy the
affordances of technology, how can we remain faithful to basic
and fundamental concepts such as goodness, beauty, dignity, and
rights?

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Submitted by: Joshua Marquez

Submitted to: Ms. May Borbon. Date: Jan.

Many may be oblivious to the link between technology and the

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