Evolution PPT 2024

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EVOLUTION
• the process by which
different kinds of living
organisms are thought to
have developed and
diversified from earlier
forms during the history of
the earth.
• the gradual development
of something, especially
from a simple to a more
complex form.
EVOLUTION is the
change in the structures,
traits, and abilities of an
organism that allowed
them to adapt and survive
in their environment over
time.
•What are
the
evidences of
evolution?
§ Data from the
§ fossil records;
§ Comparative anatomy;
§ embryonic development and
§ Biochemical analysis
could be analyzed to demonstrate

if evolution of life on earth has
taken place.
q Evidence
from Fossil
Records
v What is a
fossil?
Ø Fossils are examples of
evidences that paleontologists
use in studying evolution.
ØThey are traces of organisms
that lived in the past and
were preserved by natural
process or catastrophic
events.
ØThey can be remains of
organisms which include
bones, shells, teeth and
also feces embedded in
rocks, peat, resin, and ice.
What do you call
§
a person who
studies a fossil?
Paleontologist
• Most fossils were
commonly found in
sedimentary rocks.
• They were from the hard
parts of the organism like
woody stem, bones, or
teeth.
What are the
types of
Fossils?
Imprint fossils are also
known as impression
fossils which are shallow
external molds left by
animal or plant tissues with
little or no organic
materials present
Imprint fossils are formed from
an organism moving in some
way, leaving behind a trace or
track. These tracks are preserved
when the clay/silt dries slowly
and is covered by other sediment.
Plants can also leave imprint
fossils when they are covered by
sediment.
Imprint fossils can give
information about an organism's
activity and the type of ecosystem
that existed where the fossil was
found.
SIGNIFICANCE
A compression
fossil when it is preserved in
sedimentary rock and is
formed with more organic
material most commonly in
environments where fine
sediment is deposited, such as
in river deltas, lagoons, along
rivers, and in ponds.
Compression is
the other side
with more
organic material
-While it is uncommon to
find animals preserved as good
compression fossils, it is very
common to find plants preserved
this way.
- The reason for this is that
physical compression of the rock
often leads to distortion of the
fossil.
Do you know how a
paleontologist
usually determines
the age of a
fossil?
To determine the age of
fossils, paleontologists
have used the following
methods:
1. Relative dating-
wherein the age of rock is
compared to the other
rock layer;
2. Radiometric dating-
a method used to
determine the age of rocks
using the decay of radioactive
isotopes of Carbon-14 which
is present in rocks when the
organism died.
ØPaleontologists make initial
estimates of the age through the
position in the sedimentary
rocks.
ØFossils found in the bottom
layer are much older than those
found in upper layer of rocks.
Evidence from
q
Comparative
Anatomy
This involves the study of
the similarities and
differences in the
structures of different
species.
There are two (2) types of structures
in an organism:
(a) homologous structures
(a) analogous structures.

Homologous structures
-refer to the body parts of an organisms that may
perform different functions but of the same
origin.
- Examples:
- The forelimbs of dog, bird, lizard, and whale,

which are structurally the same, but functionally
different.
- The presence of homologous structures is a
strong indicator that the organisms evolved from
common ancestors.
- This type of evolution is called divergent
evolution.
Analogous structures
-refer to body parts of an organism that may
perform the same function but of different
origin.
Examples:
Wings of birds, bats, and insects that have the
same function but different in origin.
The presence of analogous structures is a

strong indicator that the organisms evolved
from common ancestors.
This type of evolution is called convergent
evolution.
Vestigial organs
-These are organs which are developed in an
organism but seems to have no particular
function on it.
Examples:
appendix in humans,
the internal hind limbs of whales,
and the internal legs of some species of
snakes.

Evolution PPT 2024

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{

§ embryonic development and

could be analyzed to demonstrate

(a) homologous structures

(a) analogous structures.

- The forelimbs of dog, bird, lizard, and whale,

The presence of analogous structures is a

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