Chap 11 and Intro To Course

Physics 6B
Philip Lubin
prof@deepspace.ucsb.edu
http://www.deepspace.ucsb.edu/classes/physics-6b-spring-2015
Course Outline
• Text – College Physics – Freedman 2014
• Cover Chap 11-13, 16-21
• Chap 11- Fluid
• Chap 12 – Oscillations
• Chap 13 – Waves
• Chap 16 – Electrostatics
• Chap 17 – Electrostatics
• Chap 18 – Moving Charges
• Chap 19 – Magnetism
• Chap 20 – Magnetic Induction
• Cha- 21 – AC Circuits
Info
• HW due each week – Sapling ~ 10% grade
• Midterm – date not set yet ~ 25% grade
• Bring large pink scantron, calculator, 1 sheet notes
• Final 10 AM class: Mon 6/8 8-11
• Final 12 Am class: Tue 6/9 12-3
• iClicker questions and in class participation ~ 5%
• All phones away please. All computers OFF
• Electronic detox during class
• Think about how material relates to your life
• Participate!
Smile - Humor in Life is a Must
There is more to life than Physics – not really
• http://www.deepspace.ucsb.edu/misc
• http://www.xkcd.com
• http://www.phdcomics.com/comics.php
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fl4L4M8m4d0
• http://www.youtube.com/user/NurdRage
• Why did Karl Marx Dislike Earl Grey tea?
• Because all Proper Tea is Theft
This is where you live
This is why you live
Next time you are at the beach
• Why must the shark keep
moving to stay afloat while
the small fish can remain at
the same level with little
effort?
• We begin with fluids at rest
and then move on to the
more complex field of fluid
dynamics.
Density
• The density of a material
is its mass per unit
volume:  = m/V.
• The specific gravity of a
material is its density
compared to that of water
at 4°C (densest T) .
• How much does the air in
a room weigh?
Densities of some common substances
Density question
The sphere on the right has twice

the mass and twice the radius of
the sphere on the left.
Compared to the sphere on the left,
the larger sphere on the right has
mass m mass 2m
radius R radius 2R
A. twice the density.

B. the same density.
C. 1/2 the density.
D. 1/4 the density.
E. 1/8 the density.
Density question
The sphere on the right has twice

the mass and twice the radius of
the sphere on the left.
Compared to the sphere on the left,
the larger sphere on the right has
mass m mass 2m
radius R radius 2R
A. twice the density.

B. the same density.
C. 1/2 the density.
D. 1/4 the density.
E. 1/8 the density.
Pressure in a fluid
• The pressure in a fluid is the
normal force per unit area: p=
F/A
• Or in Calculus: p = dF/dA
• Pressure units: Newtons/m2
• 1 N/m2 = 1 Pa (Pascal)
• With gravity Ptotal =Patm + gh
• Ptotal
•  = density fluid (kg/m3)
• g = 9.8 m/s2
• h=height of fluid above (m)
• Scuba diving: 10 m depth ~ 1
bar additional pressure
Pressure at depth in a fluid
• The pressure at a depth h in a fluid of
uniform density is given by P = P0 +
gh. As Figure at the right illustrates,
the shape of the container does not
matter.
• The gauge pressure is the pressure
above atmospheric pressure. The
absolute pressure is the total pressure.
• Pressure at sea level = 1.01325 bar
• Pressure at sea level ~ 14.7 psi
• Pressure at sea level = 760 mm Hg
• 1 bar = 1 atm (atmosphere)
• 1 bar = 105 N/m2
• 1bar = 1000 millibar (mb)
Two types of pressure gauge
Scuba diving
• Fresh water density (4 C = 39F) ~ 1000 kg/m3
• Salt (Ocean) water density ~ 1025 kg/m3
• Salt water ~ 2.5 % denser than fresh water
• Salt water is denser
• You are more buoyant in salt water
• For same depth in salt water pressure is higher
• 1 atmosphere ~ 10 m in fresh water (~ 34 feet)
• 1 atmosphere ~ 33 feet in salt (ocean) water
Why are you ~ neutral buoyant in water?
If trapped in car under water
Can you open door??
Air Pressure changes with altitude
Less air above you
15 yr ave pressure(mb) Top: June-Aug – Bottom: Dec-Feb
Additional pressure
A cylinder is completely filled with water. The top of the

cylinder is sealed with a tight-fitting lid.
If you push down on the lid with a pressure of 1000 Pa,
the water pressure at the bottom of the cylinder
A. increases by more than 1000 Pa.

B. increases by 1000 Pa.
C. increases by less than 1000 Pa.
D. is unchanged.
E. The answer depends on the height of the cylinder.
Additional pressure
A cylinder is completely filled with water. The top of the

cylinder is sealed with a tight-fitting lid.
If you push down on the lid with a pressure of 1000 Pa,
the water pressure at the bottom of the cylinder
A. increases by more than 1000 Pa.

B. increases by 1000 Pa.
C. increases by less than 1000 Pa.
D. is unchanged.
E. The answer depends on the height of the cylinder.
Water pressure in the home
• Typical water
pressure in home is
about 50 psi
• Depends on
where you live
Pascal’s law
• Pascal’s law: Pressure applied

to an enclosed fluid is
transmitted undiminished to
every portion of the fluid and
the walls of the containing
vessel.
• The hydraulic life shown in is
an application of Pascal’s law.
A tale of two fluids
• Why are the fluids at two different heights?
Archimedes Principle
• Archimedes’ Principle: When a body is completely or partially
immersed in a fluid, the fluid exerts an upward force (the “buoyant
force”) on the body equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the
body.
Buoyancy
Buoyancy
A block of ice (density 920 kg/m3) and a block of iron

(density 7800 kg/m3) are both submerged in a fluid. Both
blocks have the same volume. Which block experiences
the greater buoyant force?
A. the block of ice

B. the block of iron
C. Both experience the same buoyant force.
D. The answer depends on the density of the fluid.
Buoyancy
A block of ice (density 920 kg/m3) and a block of iron

(density 7800 kg/m3) are both submerged in a fluid. Both
blocks have the same volume. Which block experiences
the greater buoyant force?
A. the block of ice

B. the block of iron
C. Both experience the same buoyant force.
D. The answer depends on the density of the fluid.
Fluid flow
• The flow lines in the bottom figure are
laminar because adjacent layers slide
smoothly past each other.
• In the figure at the right, the upward
flow is laminar at first but then
becomes turbulent flow.
The continuity equation
• The figure at the right shows

a flow tube with changing
cross-sectional area.
• The continuity equation for
an incompressible fluid is
A1v1 = A2v2.
• The volume flow rate is
dV/dt = Av
• Mass flow rate (kg/s)=vA
The Venturi meter
• Old carburetors use this effect to draw in gasoline
• Modern cars use fuel injection instead
Lift on an airplane wing
Viscosity and turbulence
• Viscosity is internal friction
in a fluid.
• Turbulence is irregular
chaotic flow that is no longer
laminar.
A curve ball (Bernoulli’s equation applied
to sports)
• Does a curve ball really curve?
Fluid Flow
An incompressible fluid flows

through a pipe of varying radius
(shown in cross-section). Compared P Q
to the fluid at point P, the fluid at
point Q has radius R
radius 2R
A. greater pressure and greater volume flow rate.

B. greater pressure and the same volume flow rate.
C. the same pressure and greater volume flow rate.
D. lower pressure and the same volume flow rate.
E. none of the above
Fluid Flow
An incompressible fluid flows

through a pipe of varying radius
(shown in cross-section). Compared P Q
to the fluid at point P, the fluid at
point Q has radius R
radius 2R
A. greater pressure and greater volume flow rate.

B. greater pressure and the same volume flow rate.
C. the same pressure and greater volume flow rate.
D. lower pressure and the same volume flow rate.
E. none of the above
Viscosity
Shearing a Fluid
Very Low Reynolds number
Turbulence – Higher Reynolds Number

Chap 11 and Intro To Course

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chap 11 and Intro To Course

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chap 11 and Intro To Course

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Physics 6B

The sphere on the right has twice

A. twice the density.

The sphere on the right has twice

A. twice the density.

A cylinder is completely filled with water. The top of the

A. increases by more than 1000 Pa.

A cylinder is completely filled with water. The top of the

A. increases by more than 1000 Pa.

• Pascal’s law: Pressure applied

A block of ice (density 920 kg/m3) and a block of iron

A. the block of ice

A block of ice (density 920 kg/m3) and a block of iron

A. the block of ice

• The figure at the right shows

An incompressible fluid flows

A. greater pressure and greater volume flow rate.

An incompressible fluid flows

A. greater pressure and greater volume flow rate.

You might also like