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    CPC - Chapter 3 - 2024

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    Para Dise
    The document discusses material balances for multi-unit systems, including defining units and systems, boundaries for material balances, and examples solving material balances for multi-unit processes including a distillation system and one involving recycling.

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    CPC - Chapter 3 - 2024

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    Para Dise
    26 views41 pages
    The document discusses material balances for multi-unit systems, including defining units and systems, boundaries for material balances, and examples solving material balances for multi-unit processes including a distillation system and one involving recycling.

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    The document discusses material balances for multi-unit systems, including defining units and systems, boundaries for material balances, and examples solving material balances for multi-unit processes including a distillation system and one involving recycling.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    26 views41 pages

    CPC - Chapter 3 - 2024

    Uploaded by

    Para Dise
    The document discusses material balances for multi-unit systems, including defining units and systems, boundaries for material balances, and examples solving material balances for multi-unit processes including a distillation system and one involving recycling.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 41

    University of Mines and Technology

    Chemical Process Calculations I


    ( CH & RP 275)
    CHAPTER 3
    Benjamin Edem Meteku, PhD
    Department of Chemical & Petrochemical Engineering
    bemeteku@umat.edu.gh
    March 2024
    MATERIAL BALANCE – MULTI UNIT SYSTEMS
    MATERIAL BALANCE – MULTI UNIT SYSTEMS
    ❖ A unit is regarded as a single but complete component of a
    larger or more complex system.

    ❖ A system is a set of units working together as part of a


    mechanism or an interconnecting network.

    ❖ A multi system consist of two or more systems operating


    together in an interconnecting network
    MATERIAL BALANCE – MULTI UNIT SYSTEMS
    ❖The inputs and outputs to systems are the process streams that
    intersects the system boundary.
    ❖The boundary is any portion of a process that can be enclosed with
    a hypothetical box. As shown below:
    MATERIAL BALANCE – MULTI UNIT SYSTEMS
    MATERIAL BALANCE – MULTI UNIT SYSTEMS
    MATERIAL BALANCE – MULTI UNIT SYSTEMS
    MATERIAL BALANCE – MULTI UNIT SYSTEMS
    MATERIAL BALANCE – MULTI UNIT SYSTEMS
    Solution
    Since operation is at steady state,
    Input = Output
    For Point 1
    let q be the flowrate and let x1 and 1-x1 be fraction of A and B
    respectively.
    Material Balance for Point 1
    100 = 40 + q
    q = 60 kg/h
    MATERIAL BALANCE – MULTI UNIT SYSTEMS
    Solution
    Composition A Material Balance for Point 1
    50 = 0.9(40)+ q(x1)
    50 = 0.9(40) + 60(x1)
    x1 = 0.233
    Composition for B at Point 1 is (1-0.233)
    Material Balance at Point 2 (Stream mixing point)
    let v be the flowrate and let x2 and 1-x2 be fraction of A and
    B respectively.
    MATERIAL BALANCE – MULTI UNIT SYSTEMS
    Solution
    Material Balance at Point 2 (Stream mixing point)
    q + 30 = v
    v = 30+60 = 90 kg/h
    Composition A Material Balance for Point 2
    0.233(60) + 30 (0.3) = x2(90)
    x2 = 0.255
    Composition for B at Point 2 is (1-0.255)
    MATERIAL BALANCE – MULTI UNIT SYSTEMS
    Solution
    Material Balance at Point 3
    let m be the flowrate and let x3 and 1-x3 be fraction of A and
    B respectively
    v = 30 + m
    90 – 30 = m
    Composition A Material Balance for Point 3
    x2(90) = 30(0.6) + m(x3)
    0.255(90) = 30(0.6) + 60(x3)
    x3 = 0.0825
    MATERIAL BALANCE – MULTI UNIT SYSTEMS
    Alternatively,
    The same question can be solved using boundaries as shown
    below:
    Basis Given ( 100 kg/h)
    ❖The systems about which balances might be written are shown on
    the following representation of the flowchart

    ❖ The outer boundary encompasses the entire process and has as


    input and output streams all of the streams that enter and leave the
    process. Two of the interior boundaries surround individual process
    units, and the third encloses a stream junction point
    MATERIAL BALANCE – MULTI UNIT SYSTEMS
    MATERIAL BALANCE – MULTI UNIT SYSTEMS
    MATERIAL BALANCE – MULTI UNIT SYSTEMS
    MATERIAL BALANCE – MULTI UNIT SYSTEMS
    MATERIAL BALANCE – MULTI UNIT SYSTEMS
    MATERIAL BALANCE – MULTI UNIT SYSTEMS
    Question
    A separation train consisting of two distillation columns designed to
    separate a mixture of benzene, toluene and xylene into three streams
    as shown below. Given a feed rate of 1000 mol/h of a mixture
    consisting of 20% benzene, 30% toluene and the rest xylene (all
    mol%), a bottoms product of 2.5% benzene and 35% toluene is
    obtained in the first unit and an overhead product of 8% benzene
    and 72% toluene in the second unit. Determine how much material
    will be processed by each unit and how this material will be divided
    among the outlet streams.
    MATERIAL BALANCE – MULTI UNIT SYSTEMS
    Overhead:
    Benzene
    Toluene
    Overhead:
    Benzene
    Toluene
    xylene
    Feed:
    Benzene
    Toluene
    xylene

    Bottoms:
    Bottoms: Toluene
    Benzene xylene
    Toluene
    xylene
    MATERIAL BALANCE – MULTI UNIT SYSTEMS
    Ans:
    N2 = 200 mol/h
    N3 = 800 mol/h
    N4 = 550 mol/h
    N5 = 250 mol/h
    X2b = 0.9
    MATERIAL BALANCE – MULTI UNIT SYSTEMS
    Question
    The feed to a two-column fractionating system is 30000 kg/h of a
    mixture containing 50% benzene (B), 30% toluene (T) and the rest
    xylene (X). The feed is introduced into column 1 and results in an
    overhead consisting of 95% benzene, 3% toluene and 2% xylene.
    The bottoms from column I are fed to the second column resulting in
    an overhead from column II containing 3% benzene, 95% toluene
    and 2% xylene. Assume that 52% of the feed appears as overhead in
    the first column and that 75% of the benzene fed into the second
    column appears as overhead. Calculate the composition and flow of
    the bottoms stream from the second column.
    MATERIAL BALANCE – MULTI UNIT SYSTEMS
    Overhead:
    Benzene = 95%
    Toluene = 3%
    Xylene = 2%
    Overhead:
    Benzene = 3%
    Toluene = 95%
    Xylene = 2%
    30000 kg/h
    B= 50%
    T= 30%
    X= 20%

    Bottoms:
    Benzene
    Toluene
    xylene
    MATERIAL BALANCE – MULTI UNIT SYSTEMS
    MATERIAL BALANCE – MULTI UNIT SYSTEMS
    MATERIAL BALANCE – MULTI UNIT SYSTEMS
    MATERIAL BALANCE – MULTI UNIT SYSTEMS
    MATERIAL BALANCE – MULTI UNIT SYSTEMS
    MATERIAL BALANCE – MULTI UNIT SYSTEMS
    Example of Recycling (Air condition)
    Fresh air containing 4.00 mole% water vapour is to be cooled and
    dehumidified to a water content of 1.70 mole% H20. A stream of
    fresh air is combined with a recycle stream of previously
    dehumidified air and passed through the cooler. The blended stream
    entering the unit contains 2.30 mole% H2 0. In the air conditioner,
    some of the water in the feed stream is condensed and removed as
    liquid. A fraction of the dehumidified air leaving the cooler is
    recycled and the remainder is delivered to room. Taking 100 mol of
    dehumidified air delivered to the room as a basis of calculation,
    calculate the moles of fresh feed, moles of water condensed, and
    moles of dehumidified air recycled.
    MATERIAL BALANCE – MULTI UNIT SYSTEMS
    Example of Recycling (Air condition)
    Solution
    ❖The labeled flowchart for this process, including the
    assumed basis of calculation, is shown below.
    ❖Dashed lines depict the four subsystems about which
    balances might be written-the overall process,
    ❖the recycle-fresh feed mixing point, the air conditioner, and
    the recycle-product gas splitting point.
    ❖The quantities to be determined are n1, n3, and n5.
    MATERIAL BALANCE – MULTI UNIT SYSTEMS
    MATERIAL BALANCE – MULTI UNIT SYSTEMS
    MATERIAL BALANCE – MULTI UNIT SYSTEMS
    MATERIAL BALANCE – MULTI UNIT SYSTEMS
    MATERIAL BALANCE – MULTI UNIT SYSTEMS
    MATERIAL BALANCE – MULTI UNIT SYSTEMS
    MATERIAL BALANCE – MULTI UNIT SYSTEMS
    MATERIAL BALANCE – MULTI UNIT SYSTEMS
    MATERIAL BALANCE – MULTI UNIT SYSTEMS
    MATERIAL BALANCE – MULTI UNIT SYSTEMS
    MATERIAL BALANCE – MULTI UNIT SYSTEMS

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