Fourth

Quarter:
Internet Basics
(Week 2)
Lesson Prepared by: Devine Grace M. Gapusan, LPT and Jerald Angelo R. Salinas, LPT
2

Content Standard
The learners understand the concept behind internet-- its services and applications.

Performance Standard:
The learners independently:
a. Identify some internet services and applications; and
b. Distinguish among internet protocols.

At the end of this module, you are expected to achieve the following objectives:
a. Describe through a diagram how networking and the Internet works;
b. Classify the types of networks based on its coverage and availability;
c. Understand how data is transmitted over the internet; and
d. Appreciate the importance of the internet in our daily lives.

Cyberspace refers to a virtual reality that is created by the computer systems where
people interact via e-mail, chat, and Internet sites. Web publishing in cyberspace is as
interesting and exciting as it seems. However, there are many things to consider. These include
making sure that how one interacts and publish content in cyberspace is proper. It may be a
different place where one can feel free but there are still rules to be followed upon entering it.
This chapter serves as an introduction on how the internet works, its requirements, and
the relationship between the technology and the people using it. To be aware how it works will
help you understand the basic terms and technical requirements.

How does the internet work?

Scenario:
Pedro is a member of the public relations team of a student organization. He is tasked to
promote it to the student body as well as to other schools and organizations. Instead of
printing brochures, the team has suggested that he utilize the Internet and come up with a
website. Since it is the first time the organization will be dealing with this technology, the plan
will be presented to the officers and members during the monthly meeting. Pedro is required
to present to the team how to use the Internet and the prerequisites needed to do so. If you
were Pedro, how will you make your presentation? How will you explain the Internet? Write
your answer on the space provided below.
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INTERACTION The Internet is a storehouse of digital information. It is a worldwide network of
computers that allow users to access other computers (no matter how far they are from
each other). The public can connect to the Internet to access data and information, conduct
commerce, and engage in other activities. It allows users to access other computers wherever
they are in the world, as well as retrieve and send information rapidly.

A router is a specialized computer needed to connect a network to the Internet. It connects the
network to another and directs traffic of messages or data packets in order to make sure that
data is transmitted and received correctly by the recepient computer. Moders routers have
become smaller and are popular in home networking uses.

“My Diagram of the Internet”

In the box below, create a diagram that shows how you think the internet works
based on your experience and understanding of its definition above.

Just like in a telephone system, each telephone has an assigned number. In a network,
that number is called an IP address. It is a unique identifying number given to a computer or device while
it is connected to the network. IP stands for Internet Protocol, the language or protocol used by computers
to communicate over the Internet.
192.168.0.2 is a typical IP address given or assigned to a computer in a local area network.
This IP address, however, is only unique to the network it belongs to. This means that the same IP
address may also be found in another network. Normally, it is your network that is connected to the
Internet, not you. Therefore, the IP address that you register when visiting websites may be different from
what is assigned to the computer you are using.
Domain Name System
IP addresses were used to connect to a computer or website in the early days. This became
unacceptable after the internet had grown. The solution was to map or link the IP addresses to names
maintained by the Network Information Center. Afterward, the Domain Name System was created to
 automate the process. The Domain Name Server or DNS is a database containing map information of a
particular name and its corresponding IP address.

❖ .com – used by commercial organizations

❖ .org – used by nonprofit organizations
❖ .edu – used by educational institutions
❖ .gov - used by government organizations
❖ .int - used by international entities
❖ .mil – used by military organizations
❖ .net – used by network backbone systems and network information systems

Connecting to the Internet

Users connect to the Internet by signing up with Internet Service Providers (ISPs), the business entities
that provide access to it. ISPs charge fees in exchange for your internet connection.

Connection Type
A. Dial-Up Connection
This connection type uses a modem (modulator-demodulator) and a telephone line. A
specific phone number will be dialed by the computer through the modem to contact the ISP.
While connected to the internet using a dial-up connection, you will not be able to use your
telephone line for other purposes though some newer modem versions allow other telephone
functions such as call waiting. The maximum connection speed of a dial-up is 56 kbps (kilobits
per second).

B. ISDN
Integrated Services Digital Network is a digital network that still uses telephone lines although
it requires specialized equipment to transfer information. ISDN internet connections can provide
speeds of up to 128 kbps, which is relatively faster compared to a dial-up.

C. DSL
Digital Subscriber Line also uses telephone lines. Aside from the fact that a DSL connection
has a quicker connection speed, being connected via DSL will not restrict you from using your
telephone for calls. Telephone wires let phone conversations reach their destinations but the
maximum signals that the wires themselves can carry is far greater than what a normal telephone
conversation requires.

D. Cable Internet
Instead of connecting to an ISP, you will be connected to the Internet through the cable
provider.

For better understanding:

Watch: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=93-3zmVvCGU
 “THEN AND NOW: A ROLE PLAY”
The teacher will be grouping the students into 5 groups. Each group will choose one of the
following scenarios:
- Mailing Letters
- Paying Bills
- Company Meeting
- Finding Articles
- Buying Groceries
The class will then be given 15-minutes of preparation to act out a comical five-minute skit
regarding the chosen activity, showing the past and present versions of the given scenarios. The
differences between the past and the present should be stressed in the skit.

INTEGRATION

• What is/are the importance of internet in our society?

• As a student, how do internet help you in studying or in other activities?
•

A network is composed of computers that are connected to each other so they can
communicate and share information. It makes use of Internet Protocol (IP) addresses for
identification. On the other hand, the Internet refers to the vast collection of interconnected
networks that brings communication and sharing of information to a larger scale. Users connect
to the Internet by signing up with Internet Service Providers (ISPs).

ASSESSMENT

IDENTIFICATION
Write your answers in your quiz notebook. (Answer only!)
1. What domain is used by commercial organizations?
2. What domain is used by military organizations?
3. What domain is used by non-profit organizations?
4. What do you call a network that has numbers?
5. What is the typical IP address assigned to a computer in a local area network?
6. What is meant by ISDN?
7. What do you call the connection of internet that is through the cable provider?
8. This type of connection has a maximum speed connection of 56 kbps.
9. This type of connection has a maximum speed of 128 kbps.
10. What does the DSL stands for?

Answer the following questions in your quiz notebook.

- What are the different internet connections?
- How do they differ from one another?
Resources:

Lee, Gabriela, Maximo A., Lee, S., Ramos, R.C.C., Ortiz, F.V., De Jesus, J., Abe, L., Enriquez K., & Caro,
J.D.L. (2018), Desktop Productivity 4th Edition: A Dynamic Presentation Tool. pp. 138-139. TechFactors, Inc.
Patiño, Dennis Cesar R., Fundamentals of Web Design and Development. pp. 1-6,11-12. Phoenix Publishing
House Inc.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=93-3zmVvCGU