Hajj Guide

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The Hajj

Slide 1 © ISRA Australia


✓ What is Hajj?
✓ Hajj in sacred Islamic writings
✓ Rituals of Hajj
✓ Islamic ethics expressed through Hajj
✓ Islamic beliefs associated with Hajj
✓ Impact of Hajj on the adherent
Contents

✓ Impact of Hajj on the community

Slide 2 © ISRA Australia


In this topic, students will,

❑H1 explain aspects of religion and belief systems


❑H2 describe and analyses the influence of religion and
belief systems on individuals and society
❑H4 describe and analyses how aspects of religious
traditions are expressed by their adherents
❑H5 evaluate the influence of religious traditions in the life
Outcomes

of adherents
❑H8 apply appropriate terminology and concepts related
to religion and belief systems

Slide 3 © ISRA Australia


What is Hajj?

Slide 4 © ISRA Australia


What is Hajj?
• Hajj refers to the annual
pilgrimage that Muslims
embark on, to Mecca in Saudi
Arabia, with the intention of
visiting holy places and
performing certain religious
rites in accordance with the
way prescribed by Prophet
Muhammad (peace be upon
him).

Hajj is one of the five pillars
of Islam

Hajj must be performed once
in a lifetime for those who
are financially and healthy
enough to do so.

Slide 5 © ISRA Australia


Hajj in Sacred Writings

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Hajj in Sacred Islamic
Writings

Hajj in the Qur’an


Behold, the first House
(of Prayer) established
for humankind is the
one at Bakkah
(Makkah), a blessed
place and a (centre of)
guidance for all
peoples. (Qur’an, 3:96)

Slide 7 © ISRA Australia


In it, there are clear signs (demonstrating that it is a blessed
sanctuary, chosen by God as the centre of guidance), and the
Station of Abraham. Whoever enters it is in security (against
attack and fear). Pilgrimage to the House is a duty owed to God by all
who can afford a way to it. And whoever refuses (the obligation of the
Pilgrimage), or is ungrateful to God (by not fulfilling this command),
God is absolutely independent of all creation. (Qur’an, 3:97)

Slide 8 © ISRA Australia


Hajj in hadith
• Whoever performs
Hajj to this house (the
Ka’bah) and does not
commit any obscenity
and wrongdoing, he
or she will come out
as the day he or she
was born – pure and
free from sins.

Slide 9 © ISRA Australia


Rituals of Hajj

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Rituals of Hajj
There are three types of Hajj:

1. Qiran: Pilgrim performs umrah and hajj


together, and ihram is not taken off until
Eid al-Adha.
2. Tamattu: Pilgrim performs umrah and
hajj separately but both at the time of
hajj. After completing umrah, the
pilgrim can remove ihram until the day
of tarwiya (8th of Dhul-Hijjah – first day
of hajj).
3. Ifrad: Pilgrim performs only hajj during
the days of hajj. Not compulsory for
pilgrim to sacrifice an animal.

As Hajj Tamattu is the most popular, it will be


outlined in detail.

Slide 11 © ISRA Australia


Rituals of Hajj –
Performing Umrah
• For Hajj Tamattu, pilgrims usually
arrive one or two weeks before the
actual start date of hajj, and perform
their umrah.
• Umrah consists of getting into a state
of ihram, making tawaf
(circumambulation) around the
Ka’bah, and doing sa’y (walking seven
times between Mount Safa and Mount
Marwa).
• After the completion of this, the
pilgrims can get out of the state of
ihram by shaving/cut ting their hair
(males), having a shower, and wearing
normal clothes.

Slide 12 © ISRA Australia


Rituals of Hajj –
Performing Umrah

✓The state if ihram


✓Performing tawaf
(circumambulation of
Ka’ba)
✓Performing the Sa’y
(walking between Safa
and Marwa)

Slide 13 © ISRA Australia


Rituals of Hajj –
Performing Umrah
• Once pilgrims have finished
their umrah, they get out of
the state of ihram.
• Pilgrims now wait for the
actual days of hajj to begin,
and spend this free-time
engaging in more tawaf of
the Ka’bah, visiting other
important sites, and
engaging in other forms of
worship such as praying,
supplicating, and reading
Qur’an.

Slide 14 © ISRA Australia


Rituals of Hajj – 8th
of Dhul Hijjah

• The actual hajj begins


on the 8th of Dhul
Hijjah.

• Pilgrims re-enter into


the state of ihram,
and proceed to Mina
where they stay the
night.

Slide 15 © ISRA Australia


Rituals of Hajj –
9th of Dhul Hijjah
• On the 9th of Dhul Hijjah,
pilgrims proceed to the
plain of Mount Arafat where
they will supplicate, pray,
repent, reflect, and engage
in worship until sunset.
• After sunset, pilgrims move
to Muzdalifah and spent the
night there.
• Pebbles are collected here
for stoning of the devil.

Slide 16 © ISRA Australia


Rituals of Hajj –
10th of Dhul Hijjah

• After sunrise pilgrims


go and stone the devil
(Jamarat).
• They stone the largest
devil (Jamarat ul-
Aqaba) seven times.

Slide 17 © ISRA Australia


Rituals of Hajj –
10th of Dhul Hijjah
• After the Jamarat, pilgrims
wait for the confirmation
that theirnsacrifice of an
animal has been made.
• Pilgrims then get out of
the state of ihram by
shaving/cutting of the
hair, having a shower, and
wearing normal clothes
again.
• First day of Eid al-Adha
(Festival of the Sacrifice)

Slide 18 © ISRA Australia


Rituals of Hajj –
10th of Dhul Hijjah
• Pilgrims then go to
Mecca and make tawaf
(circumambulation) of
the Ka’bah and perform
sa’y.
• This is known as tawaf
al-Ifadhah
• Pilgrims have until
sunset of the 12th of
Dhul Hijjah to complete
this.

Slide 19 © ISRA Australia


Rituals of Hajj – 11th
of Dhul Hijjah

• This is the second day


of Eid al-Adha
(Festival of the
Sacrifice)

• Pilgrims go back to
the Jamarat and stone
each pillar seven
times.

Slide 20 © ISRA Australia


Rituals of Hajj – 12th of
Dhul Hijjah
• This is the third day of
Eid al-Adha (Festival of
the Sacrifice)
• Pilgrims again stone
each pillar at the
Jamarat seven times.
• If pilgrims are going to
depart Mecca after this,
they perform a farewell
tawaf
(circumambulation) of
the Ka’bah.

Slide 21 © ISRA Australia


Rituals of Hajj – After
Hajj is Finished

• However usually after


pilgrims have finished
their Hajj rituals, they
stay another one or
two weeks in Saudi
Arabia on average and
visit other important
sites both in Mecca
and Madinah.

Slide 22 © ISRA Australia


Islamic Ethics Expressed
Through Hajj

Slide 23 © ISRA Australia


Islamic Ethics Expressed
Through Hajj
Equality of all Human Beings:
• Ihram clothing
• Seeing and interacting with
fellow Muslims from all
nationalities and races whether
rich/poor, elite/common,
black/white,
educated/uneducated,
young/old.
• Hajj is a practical way of
developing equality as it
removes racism as all Muslims
are gathered at the same place
doing the same worship.

Slide 24 © ISRA Australia


Islamic Ethics
Expressed Through Hajj
Detachment from the Load of
Sin:
• Hadith about sin and Islamic
belief of Original Sin
• Concept of sin in Islam: sins
against God and sins against
humanity
• Before Muslims depart they
make sure they seek
forgiveness from friends and
family, settle debts, repent to
God, return trusts, etc.
• Rules of Ihram connect to
behaviour of a Muslim

Slide 25 © ISRA Australia


Islamic Beliefs
Associated With Hajj

Slide 26 © ISRA Australia


Tawhid

• Hajj represents the


largest of the
concentric circle
around which the
Muslim institution of
prayer is built.
• Represents the
Universe

Slide 27 © ISRA Australia


Worship Through Hajj
• Hajj is a form of individual
and collective worship.
• It also establishes a
connection with the
monotheism and its human
legacy symbolised by
Abraham and the first human
Adam.
• Muslims obey the call of God
by turning up in millions at
the time of pilgrimage.
• The central aims of worship -
exalting, glorifying and
• praising God - occur
individually and collectively.

Slide 28 © ISRA Australia


Connection with
Messengers of God
Adam and Eve:
• Mount Arafat meeting up point
• First building of Ka’bah

Abraham:
• Leaving Hagar and Ishmael in valley
• Emergence of Zamzam well
• Sa’y ritual
• Sacrifice Ishmael,
• Satan tries to persuade him out of it,
• Qurban and Jamarat rituals.
• Rebuilding of Ka’bah as centre of
monotheism on earth.

Slide 29 © ISRA Australia


Remembrance of the
Day of Judgement
• During Hajj, masses are
moving in unison and
with a common dress
stripped of all worldly
possessions, enacting the
Day of Judgement.
• It is a gathering where the
rich cannot be
distinguished from the
poor, the educated from
the uneducated, the elite
from the common.

Slide 30 © ISRA Australia


Hajj in Context of Other
Pillars
• While shahadah detaches one
from finite and false masters;
• Salat detaches one from the
worldly affairs;
• Zakat detaches the worshipper
from the pangs of material
wealth;
• Fasting detaches the
worshipper from the physical
desires and emotional
impulses;
• Hajj is a detachment from the
load of sins and racism.

Slide 31 © ISRA Australia


Equality of all Human
Beings
• Hajj enables a Muslim
to realise the
universality of Islam as
he or she sees Muslims
from all over the world,
from all nationalities
and races.
• A pilgrim develops an
acute sense of equality
of human beings in
practice rather than just
theory.

Slide 32 © ISRA Australia


Connecting Point
for Muslims

• In addition to removing
racism, pilgrimage is the
greatest social event in
the world.

• For centuries Muslims


shared ideas, passed on
experience and books
when they met for Hajj.

Slide 33 © ISRA Australia


Developing Mental
Strength
• Many mental skills such as
determination, perseverance,
patience and control of human
will are exercised and developed
in trying conditions of the Hajj
(large crowds, physical exercise,
sleeping in tents, hot weather).
• Leaving everything behind for a
long period of time provides the
effect of true recreation for the
mind and the spirit.
• They stone the largest devil
(Jamarat ul-Aqaba) seven times.

Slide 34 © ISRA Australia


Importance of
Physical Fitness
• Physical benefits are not
neglected in pilgrimage.
• Hajj is very much a physical
event.
• Going around the Ka’bah
seven times and the fast
walk between Safa and
Marwah gives Muslims
ample exercise and reminds
them of the need to be
physically fit and also the
value of good health.

Slide 35 © ISRA Australia


Impact of Hajj on the
Individual

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Impact of Hajj on
Adherent
• Brings the pilgrim closer to God and
hopes to become a better person
• When leaving for Hajj, the pilgrim is
reminded of the ultimate departure from
this world to the Hereafter
• Rituals of Hajj remind the pilgrim of the
Day of Judgement as everyone is
gathered together in the same place,
wearing the same clothes, conducting the
same worship whilst all seeking God’s
mercy.
• The pilgrim connects to universal
monotheism by tracing in the footsteps of
Abraham.
• The pilgrim increases gratitude to God as
they see a lot of poorer and less fortunate
people at Hajj than themselves

Slide 37 © ISRA Australia


Impact of Hajj on
Adherent
Development of Mental, Spiritual and
Physical Strength:
• The Hajj process entails a sacrifice of
time, money, comfort, worldly affairs,
and many carnal desires and pleasures
for the sake of God with no selfish end.
• Enduring all this with an incessant
remembrance of God throughout the
Hajj process leaves a firm longing and
love of God inside the pilgrim which
lasts for years to come.
• Process of Hajj increases the pilgrims
piety, virtuousness, generosity, patience,
resilience, and sincerity.
• Increase awareness of the importance
of physical wellbeing

Slide 38 © ISRA Australia


Impact of Hajj on the
Community

Slide 39 © ISRA Australia


Impact of Hajj on
Community
• Creates universal feeling of
brotherhood sisterhood amongst

• Muslims by gathering together at the


same place to do the same thing.
• Hajj is the greatest social event in the
Muslim world; it is where you meet
new people, share ideas, see all
different types of cultures, and pass on
experiences etc.
• Hajj increases a wider God-
consciousness amongst the Muslim
community.
• Removes division between different
religious interpretations.

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information on this presentation, unless
expressly stated otherwise. No information on
this presentation may be used for commercial
or other purposes unless ISRA Australia gives
its prior written consent to the intended use.

© Islamic Sciences and Research Academy Australia

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