Science 5

Science – Grade 5
Quarter 4 – Self Learning Module 5: Inferring that Continuous Weathering
Lead to Soil Formation

First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Josephine M. Timbol
Editor: Mrs. Helen Jagmis
Reviewer:
Illustrator:
Layout Artist: Margie A. Rosario
Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
OIC-Schools Division Superintendent
Carolina P. Rivera, CESE
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Manuel A. Laguerta EdD
Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division

Education Program Supervisors

Librada L. Agon EdD (EPP/TLE/TVL/TVE)

Liza A. Alvarez (Science/STEM/SSP)
Bernard R. Balitao (AP/HUMSS)
Joselito E. Calios (English/SPFL/GAS)
Norlyn D. Conde EdD (MAPEH/SPA/SPS/HOPE/A&D/Sports)
Wilma Q. Del Rosario (LRMS/ADM)
Ma. Teresita E. Herrera EdD (Filipino/GAS/Piling Larang)
Perlita M. Ignacio PhD (EsP)
Dulce O. Santos PhD (Kindergarten/MTB-MLE)
Teresita P. Tagulao EdD (Mathematics/ABM)

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Science 5
Quarter 4
Self Learning Module 5
Continuous Weathering Leads to Soil
Formation
Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Science Grade Five Self Learning Module 5 on Inferring that
Continuous Weathering Lead to Soil Formation.

This Self Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by
educators from Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its Officer-In-Charge
Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin in partnership
with the Local Government of Pasig through its mayor, Honorable Victor Ma. Regis
N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum using
the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) while overcoming their personal,
social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs namely:
Communication, Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking and Character while
taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners
as they do the tasks included in the module.
For the learner:

Welcome to the Science Grade Five Self Learning Module 5 on Inferring that
Continuous Weathering Lead to Soil Formation
The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in
your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be
enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectation - These are what you will be able to know after completing the
lessons in the module

Pretest - This will measure your prior knowledge and the concepts to be
mastered throughout the lesson.

Recap - This section will measure what learnings and skills that you
understand from the previous lesson.

Lesson - This section will discuss the topic for this module.

Activities - This is a set of activities you will perform.

Wrap Up - This section summarizes the concepts and applications of the

lessons.

Valuing - This part will check the integration of values in the

learning competency.
Posttest - This will measure how much you have learned from the entire
module.
 EXPECTATIONS

After going through this Self Learning Module, the pupils are expected to:
1. describe how rocks turn into soil;
2. infer that continuous weathering leads to soil formation; and
3. recognize the usefulness of soil

PRETEST
Directions: Read each item carefully. Choose the letter for your best answer.

1. It is a loose minerals and organic material.

A. Erosion B. Soil C. Weathering D. Wind

2. What do you call the materials transported due to erosion?

A. Rocks B. Sediments C. Water D. Wind

3. Sand dunes are ridges of sand formed by

A. animals B. humans C. plants D. waves

4. It can be caused by water, wind, animals and humans.

A. erosion B. landslide C. rocks D. sediments

5. Humus is the organic component of soil, formed by the decomposition of

leaves and other plant material by soil microorganisms.
A. True B. False C. Maybe D. Not at all

RECAP
Write True if the statement is correct and False if the statement is incorrect.

1. Bacteria, molds, mosses and lichens wear away the surface of rocks.
2. Rocks are hard so they do not break at all.
3. Weathering is the breaking down of rocks into smaller pieces and
finally into soil.
4. Fast water current in rivers can carry big and small rocks that will
break as they are transported to another places.
5. Prolong exposure to hot and cold temperature will result to breaking of
rocks.
 LESSON

When rocks are broken, their pieces do not stay in one place. Some rock
fragments become part of the soil. Others are transferred from one place to
another.
Soil is loose mineral and organic material. It’s about half minerals, half-open
space – all within the top few centimeters of the surface. Soil is mixture of rock
particles, minerals, decayed organic material, air and water. It’s often mixed with
organic material, sometimes called humus. Humus is all the organic stuff.
Basically, it’s an accumulation of decayed matter such as plants and animals. If
you have ever made compost, you are making humus.

How continuous weathering leads to soil formation?

The weathering of rocks on the Earth’s surface results in the formation of
soil. Soil is formed when rocks are continuously broken down by weathering. As
rocks weather, they break into smaller pieces. These pieces are broken down into
even smaller pieces to form soil
Both mechanical and chemical weathering play an important role in soil
formation. These processes will transform that boulder into particles of sands, silt
and clays.
Soil formation is due to the filtration of water and weathering. This water
leakage is what dissolves rocks into soil. As water seeps downwards, it breaks
down material.
Eventually, you get a set of “soil layers”. These soil layers are dependent on
how far down water seeps into the ground and the amount of weathering.
1. Climate
Climate, temperature and water affect how fast chemical weathering occurs.
Moist regions experience more chemical weathering because water affects the
abundance of chemical reactions.
In addition, both temperature and its rate of change are critical in weathering.
Again, chemical reactions tend to occur more rapidly when temperatures are
higher, especially in moist areas.
 2. Organic matter
As plants die, small organisms break down and decay material into organic
matter. During this process, bacteria and plants produce a type of acid. This acid is
a big contributor to the breakdown of soil particles.
Next, soil with organic material is most important for humans because it
supports plant biomass and agricultural crops. This is the topsoil which takes
hundreds of thousands of years to form.

3. Parent material
Soils are derived from its parent material. For example, feldspars go through a
chemical process which convert it into clay. But if you have granite with feldspar, it
could develop into clay and sand.
As mentioned above, soils can develop from bedrock in one place. But they can
also be transported. For example, glaciers, water and wind can move and erode
material.

4. Terrain
The aspect that a hill faces influences the amount of sunlight it receives. If there’s
more sunlight, it changes the amount of available water.
At the base of a landform, thicker, soils tend to form. Gravity moves water
downward which is where water accumulates. Overall, it’s terrain that affects water
availability

Finally, all these factors take a long, long period of time to make a noticeable
difference. Soils take thousands of years to form. In general, the longer rocks have
the chance to weather, it will result in finer particle sizes. But the reality is that
our environment is constantly in flux. Soil formation factors such as water,
organisms and relief are never a constant.
 ACTIVITIES

Activity 1: Water, Rocks and Soil

In this activity, you will see how water affects breakdown of rocks to soil.
What you need:

 small and soft rocks samples

 glass or plastic jar half-filled with water
 piece of clean cloth
 rubber band

What to do:

1. Put the small and soft rock samples that you have
prepared inside the glass or plastic
jar half-filled with water then cover it tightly.

2. Shake the glass or plastic jar for about 2 minutes.

3. Remove the cover of the glass or plastic jar. Replace it with the piece of
cloth tied at the brim of the bottle with the use of the rubber band

4. Turn the glass or plastic jar upside down to empty the

water in the bottle as shown in the illustration below.

5. When the water is gone, remove the piece of cloth in the

glass or plastic jar and examine the rock samples that you
placed inside. Record your observation in your notebook.

Answer these:

1. What happened to the rock samples that you have placed inside the glass

jar?

2. Where did the small particles in the glass jar come from?

3. What caused the rock to break in small pieces?

4. Do these small particles look the same with the soil?

Activity 2 Man, Animals, Plants and Rocks

In this Activity, you will observe how many, animals and plants break down
rocks to soil.

What to do:
1. Go round your garden. Look for plants that grew in rocks. Observe them.
You may even draw them in your notebook.
2. Observe how the roots of the plants anchor themselves in the rocks.
3. Observe a place which is often walked-through by people and animals.
4. Record your observations.

Answer these:

1. What happened to the rocks where the plants grow?

2. Do roots have something to do with in the breakdown of rocks? How?

3. Describe the rocks that you saw in the place where people and animals often
walk-through. How do they look, like? Why?
 WRAP-UP

Direction: Write True if the statement is correct and write False if the
statement is wrong.

1. Continuous weathering leads to soil formation.

2. Humus is an accumulation of decayed matter such as plants

and animals

3. Soils take one year to form.

4. As plants die, small organisms break down and decay material

into organic matter.

5. Rock is formed when rocks are continuously broken down by

weathering

VALUING

Write a short reflective journal entry on this question: What is the importance of

soil in your life?

 POSTTEST

Directions: Read the following situation. Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. When plants and animals decay form in the soil

A. humus B. muck C. rock D. rust

2. Soil formation begins with weathering of

A. humus B. rock C. rust D. soil

3. The mixture of rock particles, minerals, decayed organic materials, air

and water is called .
A. gravel B. litter C. silt D. rock

4. Soil begins to form when the process of break down bed rocks.
A. deposition B. erosion C. weathering D. wilting

5. Soil is valuable resources because it is

A. has 3 soil horizons C. contain sand and gravel
B. rich in decomposer D. important to all living things on land
 REFERENCES
Book

Abracia, N, Sarte E, Garcia, E, Dela Cruz M, Arradaza, H, Franco, A, Paunan,

R, Rabago, L (2014), Science in Our World 5 (Kto12) Worktext, Quezon City,
Philippines, Vibal Group, Inc.
Larisma, E, Apolinario, N, Santos Gil, (2015), The New Science Links Worktext in
Science and Technology K to 12, Manila, Philippines, Rex Bookstore, Inc.
Online

https://earthhow.com/soil-formation-factors/

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