GR 10 Textbook ANSWERS
GR 10 Textbook ANSWERS
GR 10 Textbook ANSWERS
z page21
-11 . -lo -tnl SimplifyingAlgebraicExpressions,
(d); (e) (f);
'; l . ( a )v : x , c = 5 ( b )v : a , c : - 1 3
-lo
{9, (h) -; (D; (c)v: c,c:7 (d)v: m,c= -1.35
(i)+
i 5
(e)v:y.c:; (flv:x,c:f
. ) 2. (a\ a,-3a, lZa;5x, -9x
z.@)# (b)+ (c);
(b) c2,l3c2;6c, - c, 1.25c
@+ (.)+ $2 (c) 5x2y,9x2y,l2x); 3xy, -3xy
(d) f , -f; y2,-y2:2xy, -axy
(e)10 G)+ (t)+ 3. (a) binomial (b) monomial (c) trinomial
(f) trinomial
0T (d) monomial (e) binomial
4. (a) 3x (b) 8a (c) -4c
3.(a)2 O)+ (c)-f (d) f (e) 2lxy (f) -3a + 3b
(d)+ (s) 8c - 2m (h) -2* - x (i) rrrl - sf
te)j 0i -
(j) 13-r 4 (k) -15.r - 2Y + 7(r) ry
(s)5 (h)+ ,.,13
(r,
ll (m) 5.r3- 3* + 4x (n') -5x2y2 + llrly - 8ry2
(o) l3x - 2ly - 6z + 7(p) 3x3- 3x2* 7x-2
0)+ 5. (a) 6r - 10y+ 4 (b) 6f -l2x -15
r. (a)i fb) s
-o .
(c);
1
(c\ 24a -4Oc +48b (d) lzs - th + 28
(o+ c).i* (f) 3
@)
-
(e) l0r2 + 20t 5v (f) 5x + 5y - 5z
-7t -'7x2 * l4y2 (h) 36a + 24b '72c + 24
(g)
rs G)+ 6.(a)3x-3y+3
(c\ -9a - 7ab - b
(b)x*2lY
(d) -2* - 3x - 7Y
s. ta)f (b) -; (c\ -12 -
(e\ 7f + 2x 2ly
(o)+ te) { 0#
_111
Arswrns 593
7. (a) 10r + 8 (b) -b + r5y
(c) l2a - l6ab + 3b (il) -23x - 28
(e) -40x + l8y @-2e+Ary+38y
G) -13* + r8x * 4y (h) -sl - rr& + 30
(i) 20 - 34ab -54b $) -r7* - 37x- r08y
(k\ 27& + 7Od2- s6 0) -4x - l2xy - 44y
SolvingEquations,page23
l . ( a )y : 2 ( b )x : - 2 (c)c:5
(d)x= -9 (e)p:2 ( f ln : 5 . 2
( g )a = 2 . 4 (h)n:2 (i\ v : 2.r
Q)m=4.2
2.(a)n:6 (b)x:4 (c)r:;
( d )c : 1 1 ( e )n : 6 $r:+
{g)m:2 ( h )x : 1 4 (i)r:3
3 . ( a )r : $ ( b )x : - 1 5 (c) m: Vt
(d)x:-21 (e)x:4 ( f )x : 2 8
(g)r:10 (h).r:9 (i)y:6
( : )b : 1 2 ( k )x : 1 0 (l)x: -8
q .@ v : i b)x:2 ( c )n : 2 0
(il)m: -r2 ( e )y : 1 5 (f) r : -4s
t e ) ' =? g )x : 1 2 (i).t : 8
5 . ( a )x : 2 ( b )y : 3 ( c )x : l 0
(d)y:-6 (e).r:-5 (flx:3
G)*:* $)Y:22 (i)y:5
6. (a) 116 (b) % (c) 16
(d) 32 (e) 25 (f) 64
7. 47 studenttickets, 62 adult tickets
8 . / : 1 5c m , w : l 2 c m
GraphingLinearRelationships,
page25
1.(a)y:2x+ 3 ( b )y = L r t - 2
(c)y: a.x+2 (d)y:5.r+g
(e)y=?r*-4 (f)v:4x-e
(g)y:-.r*1 (h)lrr+f
2. (a)
594 Arswens
(d) (-8,0), (0, 2)
(e) (8,0),(0,2)
sol
(c) (3,0),(0,6)
5. (a\ m : 2, (0,3)
Amwrns 595
(b) z = -1, (0, -5) (s)m= =|,<o,r>
(h)n: - 1 , ( 0 ,- 1 )
(c)m: I,ro,g
(it\m: i,<0,-r>
(e)m:
*,<0,,l
596 Arswens
CreatingScatterPlotsand The Lineof Best
4.(a) i. (0, 7) Fit, page 30
1) a)
ii.y:-ra,
iii.-r+y-7:0
(b) i. (0, -7) negative
b)
ret;----!n
3 a
r o
!
!
ii.y:-x-7
iii.x+y+7:0 positive
(c) i. (0, l)
c)
!a
!
!
ii.Y=2ra I
iii.2x - y + 1 : 0 positive
(d) i. (0,3)
d)
2
-x-FJ
ll.v: negauve
iii.3x-4y+12:0
5. (a) neither (b) perpendicular The PythagoreanTheorem,page 31
(c) parallel (d) neither (b)132*62:c2
1. (a) 62 t 82: x2
(e) perpendicular ( c ) 5 2 + Y 2: 9 2 (d) 3.22-r a2 : 8.52
6. (a)x: -4 (b)y:s 2. a) x: l0
( (b) c = 14.3
(c)y:-3 (d)x:1 (c)Y : 7's (d\ a :'7.9
_1
(e)v= -2x-3 @t:t'x-z 3. (a)a: x.l3 (b)/: t 17.5
(c)m:+6 (d) b : r23.0'l
( e ) v *: * - u (e)c:+5.23 ( f )d : t 1 . 8 8
Aruswens 597
a. @) 1r.2 (b) 6.7 (e) P = 52.5mm, A: 204.75mm2
(c) 7.4 (d) 4.e (f) P = 163.8cm,A:2047.5 cm2
5. 10.6cm 5. (a) 12cm (b)6m
6. 69.4m (c) 5.6cm (d) 5.6m
7. 631.5m (e) 9.5cm (f) 56 mm
( g )7 . 2 m (h) 12.4cm
Propertiesof Triangles,page34 6. (a) A : 224.4cmz (b) A : 63 cmz
(c) A : 221.1m2 (d) A : 668.2cm2
1. (a);r : l20e (b) x : 82.54
(e) A : 82.5m2 (fl A : 88 cm2
(c) * = 75q (d) -r : 31q
(g) A : 203 cm2 (h) A : 19.1cm2
(e) x : 404 (fl x : 42.5e
(g) x : 124 (h) .t : 20e
(i) x = 62.5e
2. (a) i. (b) ii. Chapter1
(c) iii. (d) iv.
3. (a) 8.4 cm (b) 7.2cm Getting Ready,page 44
(c) 35q (d) 60, 1. (a)-15 (b) 4
4.BE:8cm,DE:4cm (c) 14 (d) -10.5
5. (e) D, I, and C are collinear.
6. (e) These points are in the same location.
z.(a)-i (o)#
o
7. (e) no (c)-u @*
8. (e) The orthocentre and circumcentre are outside the
3. (a) -24 (b) -4
triangle.
(c) -2 (d)-?
page37
Propertiesof Quadrilaterals, 4. (a) 2 (b) -2
(c) 4 (d) 7
1. (a) ii. (b) i.
(c) iii. (d) v. te)l) (f) -3
(e) iv. (g)e (h) 3
3. (a) F (b)r (i) 20 0) to
(c) T
(e) F
(d) F (k) - 19 0)-+
4.(a)x=35,y:45,2=35 5 .( a ) y : - 6 x + 1 2 (b)y:!-t
( b )r : 9 0 , y : 3 5 , 2 : 5 5
(c)x:30,y:30,2:30
y: -? *,
(c) y: i- - +
(d)
(d)x:90,y:40,2:65 6. (a)
5. (a) square,rectangle,parallelogram, rhombus
(b) square,rhombus,kite
(c) square,rectangle
(d) square,rhombus
6. parallelogram
7.(a)x=81.25 (b)x:30
(c) "r = 50
598 Aruswrns
9. (a)5.r+y+6 ( b )- 8 . r+ 6 Y - 2
(c) -L,c+ 4y I - (d) 9x- lly -7
10. (a) 5.r + 8y (b) 4x - 5Y
(c) 3x + 7y (il) x + 2Y
1 1 . ( a )x + Y : 1 2 ( b )Y : 1 . 1 5 r
( c ' ) 2 5+x 0 . 1 5 Y : 1 3 5 ( d )x + Y : 1 2 5 4
(e) 0'08.r+ O.lY:235
(f) 12.35x+ 12.65Y: 12 500
(g) 0.lx + 0.25y: J.75
Answens599
14. (a)
MarkYr.Hoursof Study
90
a 80
70
50
50
4
Hou6 of Study
ii.y:4* * Un
iii. weak positive correlation
Age(Months)
. . 8
rl.y = -5x f J/
iii. strong positive correlation
80
G.
70
b
lj 60
: 50
40
Yearof Birth
5OO Aruswens
(d)
Distancevs. Gas
Gas(L)
Practise,Apply,Solve1.1,page 50
ii'Y:3'5t*t
iii. strongpositivecorrelation -ro),6+,41)
1.(a)(1,s),(20,
15. (a) no (b) yes (c) yes (d) no (b) (4,4),(-2, -8), (12,20)
16. (a) (c) (12,0),(18,l), (0, -2)
( d ) ( 3 , 1 ) ,( r 2 , r 0 ) ,( 1 , - l )
2. (a) (6,2) (b)(3,2)
(c) (-2, -6) (d) (0,o)
3. (a) (10,2) (b)(s,3)
( c )( 1 , 2 ) (d) (7,3)
4.(a)x+y--12
( b )r + y : 3 6
(c) 0.05x+ 0.1y: 9.75
(d)5x - 3Y: tO
(e) 0.05r+ 0.08Y: 156
(f)Y:5-r+50
(g)y--x+2
(h) 5x + 10Y: 135
5. Yes,it is composedof linearequationswith two
unknowns.
6. It doesnot satisfYY : 3x - 4.
7.x1-y:72,x-Y=48
8 . y : 4 t , 6 x+ L ; , : 2 1 2
9.x1-Y:38,x+2Y:55
10. y : 0.l2rc+ 50,) : O.zx+ 40
1 1 .x + y - - 4 0 , 2 x+ S Y : 1 5 5
12.x+Y:36,x44=Y
1 3 .- r + y : 7 6 , 0 . 1 x + 0 . 2 5 y : l J
14.y=1.5x+4,y:x+5
15. .r + ) : 8000,0.lr + 0.12y= lQQ
1 6 . l z x + y : t t l , l O x+ y : 1 1 9
17.x + Y = 20,2.25x+ 1.75Y: 41
18..r+):8,59'+80Y:559
19. x + y : 5, 4Ox+ 600y = l32O
20. x + Y : 20,30t + 50Y: 700
21. x + Y : 20N,0.09r + 0.1Y: 191
22.b+b:ot,zx-!=zt
23. x + Y : 200,2.3x+ 3.2Y: $gg
24.x + Y: 12,l00x + 80Y: 1050
2 5 .y : 4 x + 4 5 5 , t : 2 5 x
26.x*Y:23,9x+l2Y:/31
27. (6,2)
AHswrns 601
2 8 .x + ) : 1 0 , 4 x- l 2 y : g (c) (6, -2)
29. Possibleanswer:identifythe variables,choose
appropriatevariablenames,write the equation
30. Answersmay vary.
31. true
32.x:3y,y+5=x-45
33. .r + ) : 1000,8.5.t+ 6y :7950
Practice,Apply,Solve1.3,page50
1.(a)y:2x-4 (b)y:5.r-10
( c ) y :- t o ' * , (d)y:1"*t
(e)y: -Ut*o <nr:7-#
2. (a) r-intercept3, y-intercept-9
(b) ;r-intercept6, y-intercept6 7. (a) (2,2)
(c) r-intercept 2, y-rntercept-6
(d) x-intercept3, y -tntercept2
(e) .r-intercept3, y-intercept-4
(f) .r-intercept-6, y-intercept6
3 . a )m = 5 , y : - 6
( ( b )r z : l , y : -Z
( c )m : - | , t : 3 ( d )^ : : -l
*,
( em ) : -l,r: @m : 2 , y : - s (b) (0,3)
?
a. @) (-4, -2) (b) (6,5) (c) (5, -a)
5. (a) yes (b) no (c) yes
(d) no (e) yes (f) yes
6. (a) (1,2)
602 Arswrns
E. (a) (-2, -l) (b)(-3,2)
(c) (8, 6)
(c)(-2,2)
(d)(-1, 1)
9. (a) (1, a)
(e)(0,3)
Answ 603
(D
(+,t (b) (l25km,$65)
/=55+0.0&Y
y=45+O.16x
(b) 6 units2
20. (a) (s,0)
AC--sy=v-5
DB-)y=-x+5
(c) $42
13. 50 lawns
14. ( a )y : 0 . 0 8 - r + 5 5 , y : 0 . 1 6 x + 4 5
604 Answrns
23. (a) 36 months 5. (a) 1 (b) 0 (c) infinite
(b) The populationwill increaseat the samerateas (d) 0 (e) infinite (f) 1
the carryingcapacityof the pond. (g) I (h)0 (Dl
2 4 .( - r , 9 ) 6. Look at the slope andy-intercept.
25. (a\ (1, -tl (b) (0,0),(4,2) 7.(a)y:4,Y:tt
(c) (3,9), (-1, l) (b)y:tS-z,t:-15+z
(c)y:2x+4,y:2x-4
Practise1.4,page65 (d)y:t;.l_+,y---4x+r
(a) x-intercept-f, l-intercept6
( e ) y :- Z y - 2 , ' : +
(b) x-intercept5, y-intercept10
(c) r-intercept5, y-intercept3 @y : - Z { + 6 , y : z r x+ 2
(d) x-intercept: -# 8. no
ff,1-intercefi 9. about 17 m of silk and 8 m ofgingham
(e) -r-intercept-f, l-intercept600 10. never
(f) r-intercept-ffi, 11. (a) $100 (b) $10.25
fint"t"ept226
(c) Shannon (d) Never,sincetheyeam
at the same rate.
Practise, Apply, Solve 1.5, page 69 12. infinitely many
1. (a) 1 (b) I (c) o (d) infinite 13. (a) c: l5d (b) 4
2. (a\ (c) True North Outfitters
14. (a - b)
Population vs, Year
19
E18
=
5c 1 7
.F
g
8to
15
- t1 - 192.4:
(c) females:y =
#*
. l
males:y=7x-184.7
(d) No, the female population is increasing faster
than male population (lines are not parallel).
15. (a)
Millions of Tonnesvs. Year
3 . ( a ) . r+ 2 y : 2 9 (b)x+2Y:-q
(c)x+y:1 (b) increasingat samerate
4.(a)x+y:l,x-y: I (c)Y:0.2r(-392.1
(b)x+y:1,2-r+2y -
Y :0.2r( 391.6
(c)-r+y:l,x*y: n
Answrns 605
16. (a) same slope and y-intercept (b) (20, l0o)
(b) (0, 3), (r, r), (2, - 1), and so on
Cost Ys. Number of Movies
17.y:ytr5 v
18. (a) F :2C + 30 (b) yes 100
(c) (10,s0)
19. no
(c) The numberof videosrentedto makecosts
20.
equal
(d) > 20 videosrented,Videorenters;< 20, Movies
To Go
6. ( a ) y : x + 5 , y : 1 . 2 5 x + 3 . 5
(b)
2r.a:*,u:o
22. a : 8, b * -14 (or therewould be an infinite
numberof solutions)
23.a:4,b:7
24. I
y=3.5+1.25x
Practise1.6,page 75
(a) (3,7) (b) (-2: -l) (c't?2,2\
(d) (18,2l) (e) (2,*l (o(-f,# (c) mass at which costs are equal
(d) less when > 6kg, more when < 6 kg
7. $67s
Practise,Apply,Solve1.7,page82 8. (a)Y :0.1x + 120 (b) y : 0.5.r
1. (a) (5, le) (b) (5,3) (c) no solution (c)
(d) (5, 21) (e) (0,0) (f) (-r,2)
(e)(3,-r) c')(i,4,) Y=12O+O.
@)(ffi,#>
<n(I,r) (d) the break-even point
4. Graphing by technology is more accurate than (e) i. loss, ii. equal, iii. profit
graphing by hand. 9. (a) Yes, hejust has to sell more cookies.
5. (a) y :5x,y: 4 . 5 . r+ 1 0 (b) The intersection will be farther from origin.
(c) $0.ss
10. (a) > 175km (b) < 175km
11. Graphboth lines then selectcalculateintersection.
12. (a) Budget:lf m> 30,C : 0.5(m- 30) + 2O;1fm
< 30,C : 20; Pro:C : 0.25m+ 50
(b) l't > 180 (c) z < 180
606 Answrns
13.7.(60,rz);s.(7,106);e. (21,17);10.
>125km, 9. (a) no solution
(b) Both variables cancel out and an untrue
Renta Heap;< 125km,Kurt's;11.15$2,25$5
14. 800km statementresults. Therefore, the lines are
15. 42 units2 parallel and distinct.
(c)
16. (a) scalene (b) (-6, 0), (2,4),(6, -2)
17. deny
18. (a) Walton, Norwich (b) Everett, Mactier,
5x-3
Marysville
(c) Barrie (d) Delhi, Vemon
19. (a)
1 0 .( a ) . r e R , y : - ? + 1 0
(b) Everything cancels out since the lines are
identical.
(c)
(b) 8
20. PossiblesolutionusingTI-83 Plus:
E n t e r Y l: 5 X - 6 ; e n t e r Y 2 : - 3 X + 9 ;
tftblrt-lE; @ lTnA-mandfollow instructions.
- l \
2r. (a)(0.r).li,;J
r - 1 l l r
(b)
, , . / l
(;.;,)
22. (a) no real solution (b) t|, Z>,<*, -Z>
( c ) ( 0 , 0 ) ,( 1 , 1 ) (d)(\6,0),(-V5,0)
11. (a) $5000
Practise,Apply, Solve 1.8, page 92 (b) ifthey thoughttheycouldnot sell morethan
l. (a)y: -3x+12 (b)y:4x+15 $5000/month
(c)Y:l2x-3 (d)v:8x-o 12. (a) (-s, -3) (b) (e,6) \ / -#l| /
(c)- l-j1.
(e)y:x+9 <nr: !rr,- 2 (d) (6, -6) (e) (-15, -5) (f) (-4, -6)
(2,4) (h) (1, -3) (i) (2,1)
2 . ( a )x : - 3 y + 5 (b).r:2y+18 @)
( c ) - t : 8 y- 5 (d)x:-3y+8 1 3 . ( 3 1 ,s 8 )
1.4.plane:250km/h, wind: 50 km/h
(e)x=t/-+ ( f lx : 7 y + 6
15. Substitutethevalueofone ofthe variablesinto the
3. (a)b: -8aI4 ( b )n : 4 m - 3 other equation.
@)r:-|s+] (d)e:+r-+ 16.9mx11m
17. 810
(e)p:-in*z (flv:-]u+3 18. 63
4.(a)y=-1 (b)r=3 (c)y:0 19. 12.Johnis 16,Margieis 20; 13.40 dimes,36
(Os=f <el*=-* (Db:3 quarters;14.< 2 kg; 15. $3000at lOVo,$5000at
l2Vo:16.$3.50
5. (a)-r : -4y - l0; (2, -3)
(b)y = -2x + r; (2, -3) 20. $5.10
2 1 .( a ) x = 6 0 , y : 3 0 (b)x= la4,Y:29
(c) It does not matter which way one solves the
(c)r: 5O,Y:79 (d)r= 100,Y:59
problem.
( e )r = 4 0 , y - - 3 O (9 x:40,y: 50
6. Substitution is more accuratebut graphing by
22. > I cheques,OntarioTrust;< 8 cheques, MapleLeaf
technology is easier when a non-exact solution is
Savings
required.
23. -10 shouldbe +l0;2x - (4x - 10) : 4'
7. (a)(2,r) (b) (-1,2) (c)(1,0)
-Zx + l0:4;-2x=-6;x:3
(d) (1,0) (e) (-1, -1) (f) (0, l)
24. (-2, -s)
s. (")(;, +) o) (6,2) (c)(x,4- x) 25. meatsubmarines $2900,veggiesubmarines $1300
(d) (- l, 1) (e) (1, 2) (f) (2, r) 26. (d (4,2) (b) (3, 12)
- 1 3 ) ( h ) ( 1 ,- 1 ) ( i ) ( 4 ,- 3 ) 27. (a) (loa, -2a) (b) (a,2b)
@ )( - r 2 ,
Arswrns 607
Practise,Apply, Solve 1.9, page 101 (d) y : ax t b, a = -0.270 454 5455,
r. (a)(8,7) (b)(8,7) (c) yes;yes b: 78.01818182,P : 0.8690929r76,
r : -0.932 251 5313
2. (a\ x by subtraction (b) x by subtraction
(c) y by subtraction (d) y by addition ( e )y : a x * b , a : 1 5 8 . 5b, : - 1 8 . 7 1 4 2 8 5 7 1 ,
'739
(e) y by subtraction (f) x by subtraction ory by P : O.SZI 9067, r : 0.963 192 5595
addition
(f) y = ax b, a 0.595,b : -9.471 lll 1ll,
t :
3. (a) (3, l) ( b ) ( 2 ,- l ) ( c )( - 1 , 3 ) r2 : 0.865 508 4209, r : 0.930327 0505
( d )( r , 0 ) (e) (0, -2) (f) (3, l)
4. (a) multiplyx 2y : -1 by 3
- Practise, Apply, Solve 1.11, page 112
(b) multiply 3x + y : 9 to, 2 1.(a-b)
(+,+)
G)
5. plane 336 km/h, wind 48 km/h
6 . ( a )( 1 ,1 ) (b)(-3, - l) ( c )( 2 .- 3 )
(d)(+,25) (e)(a,o) 0 e2,3)
(e)(8,-1) (h)(s,4) (i) (2, -2)
CI)(5,-6) (k\ (2,7) 0 ) ( 1 ,- 3 )
7. Eliminationis easierwhenan LCM canbe found
easilybetweeneitherthex- or y-coefficients.
Otherwise, usesubstitution.
8. (a) simplify3(x - l) - 2(y + 2) : 7
(b) (6, 2)
9. Multiply3x + 2y : 22by 5 and5x - 4y : 22by 3.
(c) (2048, $35 097)
1 0 .( a )( - 1 , - l ) ( b ) ( 0 ,- l ) ( c )( 0 ,- 2 )
(d) (0, 3) (e)(- 1,a) (n Q, 12) (e) linear regression
(f) Linear regressionis more accuratethan a hand-
il. (a) y : x,y: x + |
(b) All variables are eliminated and an untrue drawn scatterplot.
statementresults. 2. (a) not very confident
(b) unconfident
1 2 . ( a )y : x , 2 y : 2 x
(b) All variables are eliminated and a true statement (c) reasonablyconfident
(d) unconfident
results.
3. (a) (0.05,5.2e) (b) (-1.12, -0.53)
13. Answers may vary.
(c) A: not very confident, B: somewhat confident
14. 72 chicken,228 beef
15. $600 in savings,$150 in chequing 4. 1863
16. 90 g of 40Vo,6Og of 50Vo 5. never
17. 6h 40 min 6. (a) 1908
(b) urban 21 575 000, rural 6 835 000
18. 2000 bass, 8000 perch
19. 17. 72 kg red, 8 kg green; 18. 400 km; 19. 2 h: 20. 7. Answers will vary.
50 practice, 20 garne;2f. $900 at 9Vo,$llOO at 8. 1993
10Vo;22.Sarahis 15, her mother is 36 9. (a) yes
(b) commercial increasing,passengerdecreasing
20. signs same: subtract; signs different: add
(c) 1999
tl
or. l z -" '
yn. n) L0.2082
2 2p. : - ? , n : t 11. (a) males decreasingspending,females increasing
spending
23.5h
(b) no, according to data
24. 45
12. Never, since Vancouver prices increasing faster -
2 5 .x : ! 0 " , -? f l , . v : $ 4: bt +ad already occurred in 1981.
\aa-DC). \DC-AA)'
608 Arswrns
17. x and y are variables: x is the independentvariable, 15.(+,3)
y the dependentvariable, a is slope, b is y-intercept, 16. (a) (-2,4) (b) (1,2) (c) (8, l)
/ is coefficient of determination. r is correlation
coefficient
r7.(a)(i+,#) (b) (4, -8)
18. Louiseis 16 andToddis 18.
19. $2300in mutualtunds,$2500in GICs
Chapter 1 Review, page 119 (b) 15 km
20. (a) 170km
l. yes 2t. (a) (3, -4) (b) (-2, 1) (c) (3, 3)
2.(a)x+y:SO,x+4y:92 (b)(50,-40)
(b) y : 0.1x + 55,t : 0.25x+ 40
22.(a)A,-2r'* t>
(c)y=x+190,y:tr* ( " )( " . ; )
(d) x + y: l2OO,O.42rc+ 0.33y:457.0, 23. (23,r7)
3. (a) (2,0) (b) (2,3) (c) (-6, -8) 24.+h
a. @)(-r,2) (b) (10,-2)
z s .] r o t 5 v o , f , L o r e v o
5. (a) y : 2Ox* 300,y : 35x + 175 26' (a)
,., /25 1400\
(D) Poputation vs. Year
[T, 3 /
(c) The number of weeks after which they have
saved the same amount.
60 000
6. (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) infinite
7. ( a )y : 5 . 5 r - 3 5 , y : 5 . 5 x - 2 5 50 000
G.
(b) The two payments cannot be the same, since the
lines are parallel. 40 000
8. (a) 4x : 2y + 8 (Answers may vary.)
(b) (0, -4), (1, -2), (2, 0) (Answers may vary.) 30 000
J
Arswens 609
rr. (a) 4. Answers may vary.
PeKent of SmokeE vs. Year 5. use Pythagoreantheorem; 12.8
6.4
7. (a) the town at (26,77)
E (b) possible answer: wind currents
8. (a)
c
"zo
61O Aruswens
5. (a) i. * + y' : 25,ii. x2 + y2 : 25, 14. All four sides are the same length, \/29 units; slope
iii. P + yz : 9,iv. * + yz : 289 of PQ andOR : +,slope of RS and SP : !; 1QAS
(b) i. (3,D, @,3);ii. (-s, 0), (0, -5) is a square.
iii. (3,0),(-3,0) iv. (0, l7), (0, -17) 15. (a) Possible solutions: compute the distance
6. Answersmay vary. between first and third and !g1rv9gq rggond and
7. doesnot sayhow muchthe shockwavesmovefor third points using d : ! 1tt1'+ (Ay)z.
every5 s (b) Seeiflengths obeyh2: a2 + b2 or seeiftwo
8.640000km sides are negative reciprocals
9. (a) yes (b) no 17. (i) A(-3, o), B(0,6), C(4,2)
(c) no (d) no (ii) MBC is congruent to LGHI.
10. 37.275s L8. distancebetween two points :
ll^.a:10,b:6.6
12. r : 20 345.8;the secondhasa largerradius
\fr; -;n + ,r;- yl. distance or
between
13. (a) xz + y2 : ,z point (x, y) from origin : t/T+V;
(b) coordinate@,.-QllsePythagorean theoremto ( x r - x 1 ) z+ ( J z - ! ) 2 : v 2
find r : \/ a2 + b2thenuse(a) r e . ( 7 , 3 ) ,( 2 , 8 ) ,( - 3 , 3 ) , ( 2 , - 2 ) ,
14. 0.0133m @t-2)2+Cvr-3)2:25
1 5 . 1 1 . 3b y 1 1 . 3
16. no Practise 2.6, page'167
(a) (5, l) (b) (5, 3.3) (c) (-0.s, -5)
Practise, Apply, Solve 2.5, page 152 (d) (-4, 0) (e) (1, l) (f) (0.s,l)
1. (a) 3 (b)5.1
(c) 5.39 (d) 8.06 Practise, Apply, Solve 2.7, page 173
(e) 6.08 (f) 7
r . A B ( 0 , 3 ) , C D( r , 5 ) , E F ( 2 . s ,- 0 . s ) , G H( 0 . s ,- 3 ) ,
(e) 8.06 (h) 4
IK (7,2)
(i) e.e 2. (a) (2,5) (b) (2, -2)
2 .( a ) s . f (b)632,+ (c) (05,3.s) (d)(-0.s,0.5)
(c\ 4.12,undefined (d) 10.05,l0 ( e )( 1 , - l ) (f) (7.s,-2)
G) (4,
-8.5) ( h )( - 1 , - r )
(e) 8.06, (0 16,0
] (i) (0.25,0.75)
( g )r a r , S G)1 1 r.1 3 ,# 3. (7.4s,2s.7s)
3.D a . ( a ) ( - 0 . 2 5 ,- 1 ) (b)2.36
4. (a) c; x-values are the same; subtract the y-values s.( s,3)
(b)f y-values are the same; subtract the x-values 6. (6,9\
5. scalene:no equal sides or angles; isosceles:2 equal 7. midpointO (-4,4), midpointR (5, l)
sides and 2 equal angles; equilateral; all sides and .r-coordinate of known
angles equal end point f x-coordinate
(a) isosceles (b) scalene of unknown end point :
o
d. -_--_--:-- r-coorolnate oI mlopolnt.
(c) scalene (d) isosceles L
Alswens 611
16. (a) passesthrough one point and opposite midpoint ll. (a)isosceles,2 equal sides
(b) passesthrough midpoint and has negative (b)scalene,no equal sides
reciprocal slope (c)right, FD2 : EFz + DE
r7. (a) PQ Q, r), QR (1, -4), RP(6,2) (d)isosceles,2equal sides
(b) slope of PQ and QR : 5, slope of QR and (e)isosceles,2 equal sides
RP: l,slopeof PQananr : f (f)
isoscelesand right, 2 equ'alsides whose squares
equal the square of the third side
(c) slopeof Pq : f, rlop"ot Qn : Lo, 12. rectangle: all lengths are equal, rhombus: adjacent
sloPeofRP : 5 sides are perpendicular
(d) The midsegment of two midpoints is parallel to 13. (a) rhombus, all sides equal, adjacent sides not
the other side of the triangle. perpendicular
18. (a) PQ and QR : 5.1, QR and RP = 7.8, PQ and (b) rectangle, opposite sides are parallel and equal
RP : 4.1 (c) parallelogram, opposite sides are equal and
(b)PQ : rs.6,QR: 8.2,RP: ro.2 parallel, but adjacent sides are not perpendicular
(c) The midsegment of two midpoints is exactly (d) rectangle, opposite sides are parallel and equal
half the length of the other side of the triangle. (e) square,all sides equal, adjacent sides
19. (a) Add x-values of each end point and divide by 2. perpendicular
(b) i. Find coordinatesof midpoint of a side. Use (f) parallelogram, opposite sides are equal and
these and the coordinatesof the opposite vertex parallel, but adjacent sides are not perpendicular
to find the equation. 14. square,all sides : V106. adjacenrsidesare
ii. Use coordinates of midpoint. Slope will be perpendicular (slopes = j'*O fl
negative reciprical of slope of side.
15. (a) parallelogram (b) rectangle
21. (4, 6) For every increaseof 3 in the ,r-coordinate
(c) parallelogram
the y-coordinate decreasesby l.
16. trapezoid. Find the length and slope ofeach side. If
22. (a) (0,2) ( b ) ( 0 , 2 ) ,( 0 , 2 )
the slopes of two sides are the same,the sides are
(c) This point is the centroid.
parallel; if negative reciprocals, they are
(d) Yes, the centroid is the point in a triangle where
perpendicular; if neither, the sides are neither
the medians intersect.
perpendicular nor parallel. In a parallelogram,
opposite sides are equal and parallel. In a rectangle
Practise,Apply, Solve 2.8, page 182 opposite sides are equal and parallel, and adjacent
l. (a) parallel (b) perpendicular sides are perpendicular.A rhombus has all the
(c) neither (d) perpendicular characteristicsof a parallelogram, plus all 4 sides
(e) parallel (f) neither are equally long. In a squareall sides equal,
2. (a) slopes are the same,] opposite sides are parallel, and adjacent sides are
perpendicular.
(b) slopes are negative reciprocals,
I nd 2 17. (a) (7.s,9) (b) (3.61,-4.22),(0.39,2.22)
3. parallelogram or rhombus, side length
18. Change(-10, 140)to (-10, 150).
4. squareor rhombus, slope of sides
19. find lengths and slopes of slides and compare
5. slope of PQ : -3 and slope of RP : i, so they are
opposite sides
perpendicular; so APQR is right.
20. (b) no
another way: PL+ nP2 = QE
21. (b) no
6. KL : LM = Y25, KM : Y50; two sides are
equal, so triangle is isosceles
Practise2.9, page 185
7 .R s : r U , m : ] ; s r _u: n , m : !
(a)(3, 1) (b) (0.86,-0.43) (c) (4, 0)
,o : 5, m : I or undefined;BC : DA : 5, (d)(3,2) (e) (-2.5,2.5) (f) (4, l)
: _:
9 . ( a )E F : F G : G H : H E : \ / . s l o p eo f E F Practise,Apply, Solve 2.10, page 194
andperpendicurar
toFGutdHE l. (a) median (b) (2,0)
roir""i;i 2. (a) altitude (b)+
' :'"T;:
:$; j;'llii$ii',";';ijlff
" -1, :
"I"
3. (a) perpendicular bisector
(b)(0,-0.s) tc)j
10. slopeof PQ: stopeot Qn |,
*:TJif,l;,
^i';3i3 "0"'
?ifi ;.l,H:ii'"
612 Answens
4. (a) 9. (aHb)
(c)Y: -2x-3
G)+ (e) (-2, 1)
(d)r=l
(d) 4 (e)y:4x-g
10. (aHb)
(f) 6.55 units (g) 27 units2
(aHb)
Arsw:ns 613
23. Use technique from question 22. 18. The four verticesare(0, 0), (a,0), (b, c), and(d, c).
- to
24. (-f.8) Themidpointof (d, c) t. (i. ;) Themidpointof
25.(-.-- ) ( b . c ) a n d( a . 0 ) i s ( L + b t t ^ '
J-t z)
\ 2't)'slnced:a+D'tne
2 6 .( 1 , 3 ) midpoints are the same; that is, the diagonals bisect
each other.
Practise,Apply, Solve 2.11, page 203
l . A C: 2 2 . 8 : B D
4"y,T),o(# -, ) ^Ff ry),
re.(a)
r(a+p h+h\
" \ 2 ' 2 t
2. PQ : 5 : QR, so isosceles
3. The diagonalsintersectat (- l, -3), the midpoint of (b) PS and QRhavethesamestope. PQ and
ff:
IL and KM.
SRhavethe samestope,ft; sincebothpairs
4. The midpoint of EF is (0, 3); this satisfies the
of oppositesideshavethe sameslope,PQRSis a
equationof the altitude,f : -lrx + :.
parallelogram.
5. K satisfies the equation of the right bisector of LM,
- 13.
Y:5x Chapter 2 Review, page 206
6. Let A, B, C, and D be midpoints. Then
AB : 2.12 : CD, AB and,CD have slopesof - 1, l.B
BC = 3.54 : AD, BC andAD have slopesof 1; so 2,Q
ABCD is a rectangle. 3. isosceles, MN = MO : 25,NO : 30
7 . L e t W , X , Y , a n d Z b e m i d p o i n t sT. h e n W X : Y Z = a. (a) (0,o), 13,26,(13,0), (- 13,0), (0, l3), (0, - 13)
XY : WZ : 8.9,WX andYZhave slopesof -2, and ( b ) ( 0 , 0 ) ,r . 7 , 3 . 4(,1 . 7 , 0 )(,- 1 . 7 , 0 ) ,( 0 , 1 . 7 ) ,
(0, - 1.7)
XY wtd WZ haveslopesof
]. (c) (0,0), e.e,19.8,(9.9,0), (-9.9, 0), (0,e.9),
8. It is valuable to know that these properties work all (0, -e.9)
the time. Analytic geometry is used to prove these 5 . ( a ) x 2+ y 2 : 2 5 ( b ) - r 2 +y 2 : 4 9
properties. (c)x2+y2:73 @)*+y2:97
9. All are representedby the equationy : 3x - 12. 6.f+f:eoo
10. The length from each point to the centre is\/al. 7. (a) 5.39 (b) 12.08 (c) 3.16
ll. Let X, Y, and Z be the midpoints. Then, XZ and QR 8. AB = 3.6,BC : 5.1,CA: 3.6,isosceles.
ot !, xz : 3.2,QR: 6.4,XZ : lOo
haveslopes sinceAB : BC
12. The slopeof RT is - l, and its midpoint is
9. 90.94
(-3.5, 0.5); the slope of SU is I and its midpoint is 10. (a) (-4,4) (b)(3,2)
also (-3.5, 0.5). The equationof RT is y : -x -3
(c) (1.5,a) (d) (6.s,-5.s)
(e) (6, -2) (f) (0.5,4)
and the equation ofSU is y : x + 4. Their slopes are
negative reciprocals so they intersect at right angles.
1 1 .( 6 , - 3 ) , 3 . 1 6
12. (a) midpoint ot PQ G, 3), midpoint of 0R (-5, 0),
13. so the property can be used later; diagram, state what
midpoint of RP (4, l)
is known and what is to be proved, proof, conclusion
(b) 8.s4
14. Let X, Y, and Z be the midpoints; area of large
(c)Y:-9-r+30
L: +O@ or 14;areaof smalla : jtz)t:.s) o. 13. length and slope ofeach side
14 14. AB : 4.12, BC : 4.12, CA : 7.09,AB = BC so
J.): fi : 4. so :ilea olt l a r g e A = ! * " u o f smallA
isosceles
15. It is parallel to the parallel sides.
L5. parallelogram: opposites sides parallel (and equarT,
16. (a) (a, b)
slope of opposite sides; rectangle: opposite sides
(b)\G-o)'z+(b-ol: parallel (and equal) and adjacent sides
f a -;F + @= oF;t/7+ *: a2162 perpendicular; slope of opposite sides, length of
n. @)(+,t),(t,r) sides; square:all properties of rectangle and all sides
(b) The slope of BC is equal, length and slope of sides; rhombus:
;j. and the slopeof the
parallelogram with all sides equal, length and slope
midsegment of AB and lC is;!
6, so rhey are of sides
nC : f7
parallel. + & -- UA + F una 16. JK = 5, KL : 5, LM : 5, MJ : 5,
614 ArusweRs
(b) square:EF ll GH (slope-4) andFG ll HE 6. (a)
lsrope]), adjacentsidesareparallelandall
sides: \68
18. (19.9,89.3)
/-lo -{q\
le. [-i,-i] c
o
20. 4.33 E
21. LetWX and YZ be midsegments.WX ll YZ
lsrope l) andXY ll mV gtope |)
22. Each point is 13 units from the centre, so they are
all on the circle.
23. (a) PQ (slope ) is perpendicular to QR
ft) 2001
lsfope f), so MQR is right triangle (c) Fumiture - it is increasing at a faster rate than
(b) The midpoint of the hypotenuseis (2, 2.5). This clothing.
point satisfies both equations of the other two 7. (a) scalene (b) 6r - 7y - l:0
:
perpendicular y = -1* + jfi ana
bisectors, 8. (a) midpointof AC midpoint of BD
lL. (a)
y : , - i, ro themidpointis thecircumcentre.
Answrns615
1
7. @t2 (b)t1 (c)
i 6. (a) acrossx-axis (b) acrossy-axis
7. (a) 90'CCW or 270" CW Centreat (0, 0)
( d )I ( e )1 6 (f) 3
(b) 90" CW or 270" CCW Centreat (0,0)
?
(g) I (h) 4 (Do (c) 180"CW or 180'CCW Centreat (0, 0)
Transformationsof Two-Dimensional
Shapes,page 233
1. (a) different position (b) reflected
(c) rotated
2. (a) reflection (b) translation (c) rotation
3. (a) rotation (b) translation (c) rotation
(d) reflection (e) reflection (f) rotation
4. (a)(x+ I,y-5) (b)(;+ 6,y-2)
(c) (x + 7,y + l)
s. (a) I(-2,0), K(-2, -3), L'(t, - 3)
(b)J'(4,s), K(4,2),L'(r,2)
@)I?a, -s), K(-4, -2), L',(-l, -2)
(d)/'(5,4),K(2,4),L',(2,
t)
616 Alswens
(e) FirstDifferences
156,l'72,189,208,229,251, Chapter3
277:nonlinear:
Getting Ready,page 24
1. (a) x-intercept ], y-intercept 5
(b) .r-intercept 2, y-intercePt -5
(c) .r-intercept -2, y-intercePt4
T (d) x-intercept 4, )-intercept -5
I
I . . , 2. (a) yes
(b) yes (c) yes
3. (a) 250 (b) 12 (c) -28
33.1, 23.3,13.5,3.7, -6.1,
(f) FirstDifferences
(d) 414 (e\ 275 (f) 92.s
- 15.9:nonlinear:
G)2 (h) -0.e (i) -5
a)s (k) -25 (r)2
!
_ l
!
(m) u
!
page239
Interpolating and Extrapolating,
1. (a) 53 m and 54 m (b) 73 m and'17 m
2.(a'l
(b) linear,.r: f,
E
u
!
(b) 24.5m/s,34.3m/s,46.55m/s
(c) 58.8m/s,88.2m/s,98 m/s
Extrapolationis a predictionbasedon the datawhile (c)nonlinear,x:2.1
interpolationis takendirectlyfrom the data.
4. Find the equationfor the line of bestfit, then
substitute in youry-value.
(a) Massof Object(kg):0, 1,2,3, 4, 6,lO, l2
Kinetic Energy (D: 0, 48.02,96.04,144.06,
192.08,288.12,480.2,576.24
(b)
k\ 240.r I
(d) 11.45kg (d)nonlinear,x:20.25
6. ( a )
(b) The averagefor 0 absencesis 9l%o.For every
time absent,the averagemark drops by about
3Vo.
(c) about3Vo
(d't "127o
(e) 13 days missed
Arswrns 617
6. (a) 432 (b)7ss 7. (a\
(c) 40.5 (d)5s.97
(e) 8a (f) 0
7.(a)x = +,': ],x = rt,.: -+
(b) a = t, : -I,no solution,a : 0.8
"
8 . ( a )a : 3 @b\ : - +
(c)c:-3 (d)d: I
(e)e:$ (f),f: I I
9. (a) 2w (8 - w) (b)4(;+5)(x-2\
(c) 2x2 (* + 2x + 4) (d) sry(ry - 3 - 4xzy)
(b)
10. (a) Let r be length in centimetres.Let y be width in
centimetres.2x + 2y : 1gg.
(b) Irt x be side length in metres. 4x : 36
(c) I,et x, y, zbe the lengths of the sides in
centimetres.x*y*z=13
(d) Let x be the width in centimetres. Let y be the
length in centimetres.xy : 40
(e) Let.r be the side length in centimetres.f : 8l 0 1 2 3 4
Time(min)
(f) t et x be the tength of the base. : V
l*
(g) Let -r and y be the lengths of the sides of the (c)
large rectangle in centimetres.t€t A be the area.
rY - 100: A
(h) Let r and y be the dimensions of the floor in
centimetres.Let N be the number of tiles
needed.
ffi:,tf
2
o
(i) Let -r be the volume of gas in the storagetank
in
litres. kt y be the number of cans nlled. : f
f
fi) Let "r be the distance driven in km. I,et y be the (d)
cost in dollars.0.059 3l-r : v
618 Arswens
e. (a){b) (b) quadratic
(c)
3
@2
E
F
1
11 9 7 5 3
Height (noreys)
o
3
Period(s)
70
(b) nonlinear(first differencesarenot equal)
3so
o E n (c) yes,the relation is quadratic
€ a o (d) Area : 2(width)2;degree:2
14. (a) 8 by 8, l0 by l0
8ro (b) 64, 100
10
0 (c) nonlinear
(d) quadratic(seconddifferenceis constant)
(e)
(b) months3-4
(c) Therewere lessshoessold - new typesof shoes
to buy
(d) monthsl-2: +4, months4-5, -2; sales
increasingin monthsl-2 anddecreasingin
months4-5
(e) monthsl-2: +4, months2-3, *2; sales
increasingfasterin months1-2 than in months
2-3
(f) months4-5: -2, months5-6: -4; sales (f)S,: 4*;degree:2
decreasingfasterin months5-6 thanin ls. (b)
months4-5
(g) The seconddifferencesare equal.
12. (a)
1
(c) nonlinear- first differencesarenot identical
Time(s)
Arswens 619
(d) Practise,Apply,Solve3.2,page256
1.. (a) no (b) yes (c) no
(d) no (e) yes (f) no
(g) yes (h) no
2. (a) down (b) up (c) down
(d) up
3. (a) (3,2) (b) 2
2 3 4 s 6 7 8 (c)-r:3 ( d )r : o , x : 6
Number
of dots
(e) negative
(e) number of lines - n(n-- 1) where n is the a. @) (2, -3) (b) -3 (minimum)
number of dots
(c)x:). (d)r:0orx:4
(f) 2r (e) positive (slopeis strictly increasing)
(g) substitute 2l into equation in (e) 5. (a) minimum (b) 2.5
(c) negative (is a minimum and the graph has 2
16. (a) quadratic (parabola)
(b) intersections with the x-aris)
6. (a) marimum (b) 7.5 (c) positive
7. (a)x:0orx:20 (b)x:0orx: 12
(c).r:0orx:2 (d).r:0or.r: 18
( e ) r : O o r x :- f (flr:0orx:f
8.
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90100't10120
x
Sped (kmrh)
(c) 70 km/h
(d) more strainon engine- more gasused
(e) $13.20;2.57hlonger 9. (a) w(15 - w): x : 0 or.r : 15;x : 7.5
17. linear - first differencescloseto equal,quadratic- (b) L(24 - L); x: 0 or-r : 24;x : 12
seconddifferencescloseto equal,other,large (c) ?-r(x- 5); x : 0 orx : 5; x : 2.5
fluctuationswith somepattem (d) x(15- 2x);x: 0or;r : E t : X
18. 59 900
1 0 .( a ) . r : 6 (b)r:-5.5 (c)x:-3.5
19. (a) ( d )x : 7 . 7 5 ( e )r : - 0 . 7 5 ( D x - - - 3
17 r+t
(g)r:? (h)x: 2
11. (a) zerosat x : 0, r : 5; football hits groundafter
5s
(b)(2.s,3r.2s\
(c)
20 30 40
(m)
SkidLength
(b)94.1m
(c) 36 m
(d) marimum skid lengthwould be 32.4 m
(e) 69 m (d) The marimum height of 31.25m occursafter
(f) different materialwould havea different 2.5s.
frictional coefficientwhile moistureconditions
would increasethe skid lensth
620 Arswens
5. (a) -4, -2: x : -3, (-3, - 1)
/-? l1\
( b ) - 5 , 2 ;x : - i ;" \ ; , ; )
(c) -4, -l; x : -2.5; (-2.5, -2'25)
(d)l, -3; x: -r; (-1,4)
(e\ 3,2; x : 2.5;(2.5,O.25)
(f) - 1,4; x : r.5; (r.5, -6.25)
(g)-1, 3;x: r; (r, -rz)
(h) -3, 3; r : 0; (0, 18)
(b)y: (x-3)2-9 6. (a) zeros10, -10; optimalvalue600
13. shift and stretchthe graphot y : rV. (b) zeros7.5, -8; optimalvalue480'5
14. (a) (c) zeros16,-12.5: optimalvalue101.5
(d) zeros8, -3; optimalvahrc2268.75
(e) zeros8, -4; optimalvalue900
7. (a) (b)
Practise3.3, page272
(a) -4, -l (b) 9, -7 (c) 3, -3
-a
{at!, c)+,+ {D}, -s
Practise,Apply,Solve3.4,page280
1. (a) -5, 30 (b)-s0, s0
(c) -4, 1 (d)-s, -l
(e) none (f) none
2. (a)x:r7.5 (b)r:0
( c )x : - 1 . 5 (d)r: -3
(e)x:o ( t )x : 2 . 5
3. (a) ii (b) iv
(c) i (d) iii
(e) vi (f) v
4. (a) marimum
(b) minimum
(c) marimum
(d) minimum
ANswrRs 621
S.(a)a: I (b)a: _1 1 3 . ( c )r : - l
8
(d)x: -l,x:5
<.)":* @)a:! Gl a: -i
d (e) (2,4s)
9. (a)y : -*fr + 2)(x- 4),down (t)y:-5(x+lXr-5)
(b)y: ]1*+211r-4),up (g) x : 5 is the time whenthe ball hits the ground.
x : -l is point wherethe ball wouldhave
(c)y: !{'+z){r+5),up
startedfrom is thrown from the ground.
(d)y : -?e *2)(x + 5),down 14. At 15m from the hole,the ball is 5.1 m above
(e)y: |{r-tl{r-8),up ground.t, : -#O + 50)(-r- 50),lettingorigin
be the baseof the tree.
161t=-f,<r-3)(x-8),down
r0. (a)(b)
ts.1,: -fr* + roo
16. y : -0.028(r + 140.5)(-x
- 140.5)
17. (a)
(b)x:0or.r: 4.6 ( c ) y : - 5 x ( x- 4 . 6 )
(d) 26.45m
18. (a)
uoEE:ffffl
e Ftzfkt*i
(e) (f) F,.ffi+ffi
-
i'l-]-]-ftYl
0
t t l t t t , >
3 6 ' t
Time(s)
r : - 0 . 1 o r . r: 6 . 1
):-5.8(x-6.lXx+0.1)
l0m
(b) 54.3m after2.5 s, 54.3m after3.5 s
11. (a) y : -2(x -3)(x - 7) (c) after 3 s (d) after6.l s
19. (a) $299756 (b) s47 (c) $5.48
(b)y:ft"+t)t'+o) 20. (a) y : -0.0012(x + 250)(-t- 50)
( c ) y :! { r + r ) { * - t ) (b) cost of making the vehicles
21. (a) Create an equation in factored form from each
(d)y: -f,x@+e) zero valued, then substitute the values from tne
12.(a)x:l point into the equation and solve for the
(b)y:2(x+3)(x-5) resulting unknown quantity a.
(c) (1, -32) (b) the zeros
(d) (c) anything multiplied by 0 gives 0; so at least one
of the factors must be 0
22. (d @) (b) (l)
(c) (2) (d) (5)
2 . st 3 1 3 . 5 | 4 4.5
32J25130.9127.225
(b)y: -4.9t2+24.5t+
622 Answrns
3.5,page288
Practise (d)y : |{' - z)'- f, uo
l. (a) (-r+ 2)(x+ l): i + 3x + 2 (e)y: -*<.-3)z+1,,tp
(b)(x-2)(x+r):*-x-2
11.(b)y:-5(x-r)2+S
(c)(x+2)(x-\:az-a
(c)y: -S*+tOx
(d) (2r + 2)(x+ ))= 2"P+ 6x + 4
(d) The quadraticmodel is betterfor the data
2 . ( a ) x 2* 5 - r * 6 ( b )2 * + 7 x + 6
becausethe datarepresentsa quadratic
(c)f-x-6 (d)2^f-8x+6
relationship.
3. Becauseyou "distributed"eachterm ofone
binomial by multiplying it by eachof the termsin
the secondterm. Then distributing the secondterm
5 . ( a ) x 2+ 2 x + 1 2 (b)2* + 5x+2
(c)6x2+5x+l (d)f+x-2
(e)2*-5x+3 (f)6f+x-l
Arswens 623
(g) 8(z - 6)(m- 7) (h) 2r(x + 2)(x - r) (i)(x-y+32)(x-y-32)
(D 7(r + 7)(x - 3) 0)(a+3+b)(a+3-b)
4. (a) (x + 5)(-r- 5) (b) (c + 7)(c -'7) (k\ (2ab+ 3c)z
(c) (a + 6)(a - 6) (d) ("r + 9X.r - 9) (l) (3x- | + 2y)(3x- | - zy)
(e) (d + llxd - ll) (f) (b + 8Xb - 8) 18. Yes, it was effective, becausewith the new equation,
(g) (3; + 2)(3x- 2) (h) (8c + lX8a - l) Soundz starts making a profit with fewer CD players
(D (5p + 7)(5p - 7) (i) (4c + 9)(4c - e) made, and makes more profit that would be made
(k) 2(5r + 6X5r - 6) 0) 7(r + 2)(x - 2) earlier.
5. (a) (3-r- 1)2 (b) (5x + z)2 (c) (2n - 5)2
(d) (7c + 3)2 (e) (l0x - 9)2 (f) (6g + 5)2
-
Practise,Apply, Solve 3.9, page 315
G) Gv 2)2 (h) (8c + l)2 (i) (M - 3\2
-
6. (a) (2t 3)(t + 2\ (b) (3m + 1)(m- 4) 1 . ( a ) - r= 2 o r x : - 5 ( b ) y : O o r y: 5
(c) (5x - 1)(2x+ r) (d) (3x + 2)2 (c)m : -!or m : 3 {il t : ! or t : -3
(e) (3x - 2)2 (f) (2x - 5)(b( - 3)
(h) (3b+ t)(b - 2)
( e ) x :+ ' r * : ? $ )r : 3 o r r : - 2
@)(2y+ rxy + l)
(i) (2c- 3)(c+ 4) (i) (3.r+ r)(bt + r) G ) a : Oo ra : 5 ( h )* : - 1 o , * : ?
(k) (5a- r)(a- 2) (l) (3n + 2)(2m- 5)
(m) (2d+ r)(d+ 2) (n) (3w- 2)(2w- 3) <ilp:1orp:+
(o) (5b + 3)(2b- r) 2 . ( a )n : - 1 0 o rn : 3 ( b )y : - a o ry : - !
7. (a) 3a(a + 2) (b)u0 - ay) ( c )m : - 5 o r m : - 3
(c) (5a + 3)(5a- 3) (d) (-r + 3)(x + 4) (d)y:3ory: -2 (e)x:5orx: -3
(e) (y - 4)O - 7) (f) (4a * D2
(g) (r + 2)(x + 4) (h) (sb - 4)(b - 2)
( f )m : r o r m : - 1 ( e n) : + t r " : - +
(i) z(sx - 4)(x - 2) q) 3@ + r2)(d - 12) (h)r:1o,r:-1 tDn:]
(k)(3d+ r)(u + r) (l) (8c - r)(1c + 2) -5 orx:2
C)r: (k)*: -3orx: -2
(m)2(s- a)k + 3) (n) (3.r - 4)(3x + 4)
(o) xyz(xyz- 2) (t)x:-iorx:4
8. (a) y : (16+ 2)(x - 2); -2,2; (0, -4) 3 . ( a ) - r: 7 o r x : - 6 (b)r: 7 orx : -3
(b) y : (x + 2)(x+ 4); -2, -4; (-3, - l) ( c )a : 8 o r a : - 6 (d)m: -l0orm:3
(c) y : (-t - 5X"x- l); 5, l; (3, -4) ( e ) r :+ o r ' : - + ( f l r = 3o r r : - ]
(d) y : -(x - 6)(x+ 4);6, -4: (r,25\
( e )y : ( x + l ) 2 ; - 1 ; ( - 1 , 0 ) ( e ) y : - i o r r : - 4 ( h r) : - ? o r x : - 3
(f) y : -(x - 6X,r+ 3);6, -3; (1.5,20.25) (i)m: -3
9. 162m2 rorm:
10. No, only thosewhich crossthe;r-ariscanbe. 4 . 1 4 m b y4 m
11. (a) after6 s (b) 45 m 5.(a)*: lorx: -1 (b)-r:3orx:2
12. (a) 30 m (b) after3 s (c)x: lotr: -I
(c) after0.5 s (d) 31.25m 6. (a) 3, -2 (b) 6, -3
13. (a) $81000 (b) 1000 ( c )5 , 2 (d) none
(c) 0 snowboardsor 2000 snowboardssold
14. (a) $8 000 000 ft) 700000
@r-l (f) 6,2
(c) 500 000 or 900 000 gamesproduced 8. (a) 5000m (b) 30 s (c) 3
15. (a) factor it or graph to obtain the roots, and can 9. (a) 1.5s (b) 2.1s
then find the vertex quickly
(c) The velocityis increasing.
(b) you know thex-intercepts (zeros) 10.5m
16. (a) h : *0.0502(x - 2r.9)(x + 1.2) 11. It will be reducedto 4.27m.
(b) s and , are the points where the shot is on the 12. (a) 188000 (b) 68 000 (c) 1963or 1992
ground. (d) no (theparaboladoesnot intersectthe,r-axis)
17. (a) cannot factor 13. (a) 15m (b) 4.8 s
(b) cannot factor (c) 5.2 s (d) 41.45m
(c) 2(2x + 5)(2x - 5) 14. 92.5m
15. (a) 6.816m (b) 25 km/h
(d)
. - , \f* + 9)r'+- 9)
8 ^ 7 4 8 7) 16. 17.09m
r"'+{\(t+ av' -4\
(e) (=o 17. l2m by 9 m
4 t\z 3J\2 3J
(fl (25manz+ 4p4)(5m2n+ 2p\(5m2n - 2pz) L8. 20.48m by 20.48m
(g) (6 + w)(r4 - w)
(h) cannotfactorin R
624 Aruswrns
19. (a) substitutefor y in the equation;solveby (c)y: ]{, + o){"- z)
factoringifpossible,afterrearrangingin
(rt)y:ft'*l)t'+s)
a* + bx a c : 0 form. Graphthe new relation
andsolvegraphically. 10. (a) $2
(b) 2; in a distance-time graph,a zerocorresponding (b) Answersmay vary.(egcostof owning/operating
to a negativetime valuewould not be a car)
reasonable. (c) Answersmay vary.
2 0 . E a r t hh: : 2 . 3 + 5 0 r- 4 . 9 P , 1 2 9 . 8m5. 1 0 . 2s . tl. @)* +9x+20 ( b ) x 2- 7 x + l 0
1.5s; Mercury: h : 2.3 + 50r 1.562f - '337 .96m, @'t*-x-42 (d)4x2-9
:
26.9s.3.9 s: Venus:h 2.3 + 50/ 3.969P' - @) r2.* + 7x - ro (9 30* + 32x - 14
159.77m, 12.6s, l 8 s; Mars:
-
(s) 30 8x 6x2 - (h) 2oa2-r 2ab - 6b2
h : 2 . 3+ 5 0 r- 1 . 9 6 P ' 3 2 1 .m 1 8, 2 5 . 6s ,3 . 7s ; (i) 4mzt l2mn + 9n2 Q) -6* - 21x + 12
Jupiter: -
h : 2.3 + 50r 12.446P'52.52 m,4.1s, (k) 30u2- 55uv- 50v20) l2x2 - l4x - 40
0.6s; Saturn: h:2.3 + 50t 5.292t2' - 120.40 m, 1 2 . ( a )y:-x2-2x+3
9 . 5s . 1 . 4s : U r a n u sh: : 2 . 3 + -
50t 4.45912 (b) y: 2.5x2+ 37.5x+ 135
142.4'lm, I I .3 s, 1.6s; Neptune: (c)y:o.lx2+l-6x-9.6
h : 2.3 + 50/ - 931P,69.43 m, 5.4s,0.8s; (rt)y: -JL11sz-49)
Pluto:ft : 2.3 + 50t - 0392P'1596.69 m, 127.6s,
18.6s; differentmassesanddifferentdensities 13.(a)y:-\*+Lrx+!
21. 10.6'lm apart (b)y: _t*'*2x+16
14. (a) (.t + 5Xx - 3) (b) (m + 4)(m - r)
Chapter 3 Review, page 323 (c) (r - 2)2 (d) (s - 5)(q + 2)
1. (a) linear (b) cubic (c) exponential (e) (x + 1)(6x l) - (f) (2d + r)(3d - 2)
(d) linear (e) linear (g) (x + 3Xx 3) - (h) (2"{+ s)(2x - s)
--
2. (a) Nu 156,N7 2lO, Nt: 272 : (i) (3x + 2)2 6) 3(m + 3)(m- 2)
(b) N" : 4nz + 2n (k) 2(2p L)(2p+ 3) (l) 3(3.r+ 4)(3x- 4)
-
3. (a) <screenshot:c3r.a> 1 5 .( a ) b : 5 o r b - - 2 (b)3500
(b) quadratic 1 6 . ( a )x : 6 o r x : - 5 ( b )x : 8 o r x : - 4
(c)v: - 5 x 2 + l 2 o o ( c )x : - ' 1 o r x : - 5 ( d )x : - 7 o r x : 3
(d) about15.5s (e)r: -9orx:4 (f)-r:5
4.(a)x:-7 (b)x:3.1 (c)x:-1 ( s ) , : l " r * : ! f t ) x : + o . *- :+
{a)x:-{ re)x:l} rrrx:j (i)x:7orx:6
5 o r - r: - 6
1 7 . ( a ' )x : ( b )x : - 4 o r x : -3
5. (a) maximum O )" : ;
(c) positive (it is a maximum) ( c ) . r _: t o r :, | (d)x+
: or*:tr
6. (a) w : 0 orw : 18,w : 9, maximum,(9, 81)
18. (a)
(b) t : 0 or I : lO, L: 5, maximum, (5, 25)
(c).r: 0orx: +,, : +,rn*i.t-, (+,+)
(d)t : 0 or t : 5, r : |, maximu^,(i,+)
(e)x : oorx= -t,, : -f, mni-u-,(+, +)
( f )w : 0 o r w : l , r : l , m a x i m u m( +
, ,+)
7.(a)y:IA*D2-z
(b)y: -IA-40)2+1oo
( c ) y :h @ - e o ) 2 - 3 0
(d)y: -]*2++z
8. (a),x: -3 or.x: l, x -- 20 or x : 60,-r: 0 or
x:180,x:-27orx:27
( b )- r , 4 0 , 9 0 , 0
e .( a ) y : + @ 5
- Xx-e)
( b ) y =- * A * T @ - 7 )
Aruswens 625
Chapter3 ReviewTest,page337
1. (a) quadratic (b) neither
(c) Iinear (d) neither
2. (a) minimum (b)r:3
(c) negative
3. (a)-r:5 (b)"r: -9orx:9
. l r l 0 l 7l
lcllx'-7x- j
4. (a)
Chapter4
Getting Ready,page 340
l. (a) yes (b) no (c) yes
2. It allows you to find the ,r-interceptsor zeros.
3. (a) 3 (b) 3
(c) 5.5 (d) 3.05
(e) - 1.916 (r) -7
tl3.ll5l655l ]Y='5 4. (a) y : x2 + 9x -r 2o (b)y : 2xz+ x - 6
(c) -3x2 - 9x + 84 (d) x2 + llx + 25
(e) -5x2 + 5.x (f) 2x2 + 12x + 12
3s (c) 4.74 s
5. (a) linear (b) quadratic
(b) 5.6m
(c) quadratic (d) linear
(e) neither (f) quadratic
626 Aruswrns
(g) quadratic (h) neither (f) -2, -6; (-4, -2);
(i) neither(circle)
6. (a) 2x(x - 4) (b) (r + 3)(x+ 2)
(c) (x - l0X.r + 6) (d) (x - a)2
(e) 3(.r - 5)(x + 2) (f) (w + 6)(w- 6)
(g) (3"r + 2)@ + a) (h) (b - ,2
(i) 2(5x - 3)(5x + 3)
7. (a) -5,3 (b)4, -r
(c) 0, -3 (d) 0, l0 10. (a) y: I (b)y:(r-3X.r-5)
(e) 7, -5 (f) 4, -4 11. (a) quadratic
e ) 4 -Vm (h) 3, -6 o)
(i)V1o,
8 .( a ) y : - + @ + 3 ) ( x - 7 )
(b)y: -3(x+2)2
9. (a) 2, -4; (-r, -9);
(c) 20 m (d)at4s
(e)y : -5x(x - 4) (f) 18.75m
12.R: (5 + 0.5xX400 - 25x)
13. (a)A'(-4,6), B'(-8, 4),C'(-4, -2)
@\A',(z,-4), B'(-4, -2), C'(2,4)
(c\A'(6,1),B'(0, -r), C'(6,-7)
G) 1,a; Q.5, -2.5);
(d\A'(-2,4),B'(4,2),C'(-2, -4)
Arswens 627
9. (a) (0, -5), (1, -4), (-1, -4); ( b ) y :- 1 * * e x + f
1c'1
12,uo)
( d ) y : - N x - z > z +225
4
12.v : - i a - : i r 2 + +
13.y: -tl" - 5)2+ s
14. (a)(0,0),(2,0) (b)(1,-2)
(b) (-3,0), (0,e),(-6, 9);
(cl$3: r (d)(-2, 16)
(e)y:2(x- l)2-2
(a) quadratic (b) Answerswill vary.
(c) (1.5,16.25)
(d)y: -fur-Lrz+r6.2s
(e)9m,16m
(c) (2, -5), (10,-l), (4, -l); (f) not effective--yields negativeheight
16. (a) quadratic @) Answerswill vary.
(c)(r93,v+r)
(d)y=-fdr- tssr2+;a4r
(e) 171 (f) ll4
u. (a)
(d)(0,r2),(1,9),(-r, e);
(b)y= -L?-0[l(x
- l.ts;z +4107
(c) 3915 (d) $1.85
(a)
628 Answrns
23. (a) (h, k) (b) r : h (c) a> 0, a <0 5. (a) constanf a, k: changed: h
24.(a\y: -#('- 3o)(r+ 8o) (b) constanf k, h; changed: a
(c) constant: a, h; changed: k
(b) (-25, l8.e)
6. eramples:
25.Y:2(x-2)2-8 (a)y: -f,y:-z*
( b )y : ? - * , y : 3 *
Practise, Apply, Solve 4.3, page 363 ( c )y : - r lf r , y : - ; *I
1. (a) iv (b) ii ( d ) y : 2 ( x+ 5 ) 2 , r : ( x + 5 ) 2- z
(c) i (d) iii
7. (a) reflectedinr-aris, translate9 up
2. (a) vi (b) i (b) translate3 right
(c) iv (d) ii (c) translate2Ieft, 3 down
3. (a) translate up 5 units (d) reflectin.r-aris, translate6 down
(b) translate right 3 units (e) reflectinx-aris, verticalstretchby factorof2,
(c) reflected about y-aris, vertically stretched by ] translate4 right and 16 up
(d) translatedleft 7 units (f) horizontalcompressionby factor of 2, translate
(e) compressed vertically by factor of 2 6 left andup 12
4. hl (g) reflect in.r-aris, horizontalcompressionby
factor of 2, translate4 left and 7 down
(h) vertical stretchby factor of 5, translate4 right
and 12 down
(i) vertical strerchby factor of 3, horizontal
compressionby factor of 4, translate4 right and
5up
8. (a)
(f)
Answrns 629
17. examples:vertical stretch factor of2: y : 1g;l',
-lDxz; horizontal compressionby factor of 2:
I :
y : : -]*;translate 2 up and 7 down:
1*,t
y : 5* + 2,y = -5* + 2; translate2ight:
y:5(x - 2)2,y: -5(x - 2)2;translate2Ieft:
-5(x + 2)2
t:5(x + 2)2,y:
18. The slower the accelerationdue to gravity, the
longer the object takes to hit the ground. Fastest
Neptune; slowest Mars.
19. 5.3 s
20.(a)y : * + 3,y: -* + 3,y: z^*+ t,
- 2 - *+ 3 , y : -|f + t
y: l* + z,t:
( b ) y: * + a,y * + 3,y *,y : f - 3,
= :
9. (a) translate 2 down, horizontal compressionby y: *-s
21. (a'l The centre moves.
factor of z, y : |* - z
(b) a divides the radius in the -r-direction and ft
(b) reflect in-r-aris, translate 4 right, y : -(x - 4)2
divides it in the y-direction
(c) reflect in.r-aris, translate 3 down, vertical (c) a compressesor divides the radius in the x-
stretch factor of 2,y : -Zx2 - 3 direction; D compressesor divides the radius in
(d) reflect in x-aris, translate 2 down and 4 left,
the y-direction; ft moves the x-coordinate of the
y:_(r+4)z_z centre of the circle; t moves the y-coordinate of
: (r + 3)2+ 5,y: -(x + 3)2+ 5
10.examples:, the centre of the circle.
(reflect inr-aris), y : 2(x + 3)2 + 5 (vertical
stretch by factor of 2)
Practise,Apply, Solve 4.4, page 376
1 . ( a )x : 0 , x : - 3 ( b )w : 2 , w : - 7
( c ) x+: , , : - + @)t:o,t:!
(e\z:6,2:-6 (f)x:3
2. (a) o, -5; -2.5 (b) 5, -2; 1.5
( c )4 ; 4 ( d )1 , - 1 ; o
rr. (a)2 (b) 0 (e) 20, -1; 10.5 (f) 0, 7; 3.s
(g) -6; 6 -6,a; -l
(c) I (d) 2 G)
12.(a)y: 5(x- 2)2- + (b)y: lA - z1z- + <r>
t,-t,i rtt-!,!; r
(c)y: x2- 4 (d)y: (x-2)2- t 3 . ( a ) ( 2 , 0 ) ,( - 6 , 0 ) , ( - 1 2 , - 1 6 )
(e)y= -(x-q2 (b) (0, -8), (2, -8), (r, -e)
(c) (2,0), (-3, 0), (-0.5, -6.2s)
13. a)y:*++
( .o)y: -(x-5)2
(d) (0,2), (-4,2), (-2, -2)
Y : 2(x -
(c) examPle: 2)2- 3
(e) (0, s), (4, s), (2, r7)
(d) example:y: -+@ + rz + 5 (f) (0, -3), (5, *3), (2.s,-15.s)
(e) example:Y : 28 - 4)2 - I 4. (a) y: (r - s)(.r- 1),(3, -4),y: (x - 3)z- 4
(f) example: y: -+@ - 3)2- + (b) y : -2(x - 4)(x - 2), (3,2),
14. (a) (0, -8),y : zi - s Y:-2(x-3)2+z
(b) (0, -4), y :2i - 4 ( c )y : ) @+ a ) e- 2 ) , ( - t ,- b ,
(c) In (a), the"2 x" appliesto the wholeequation, t ^ o
t:1G+l)"-;
while in (b) it appliesonly to they : x2 part.
(d) vertical stretchby factor of 2, translate4 down (d)y : (2r- s)(2x- D,(+, -4),
15. The coordinatesarethe marimum height of the
balloon,Y: -0.04(x - 27.D2+ 29.6
y-(x-1>r-o
16.(a)y:f-t (e)y : -3x(x * q2, eL D),
(b)r: ]{*++)z J:-3(x+2)z+12
(f) y : 2(x- 5X-r+ 3),(r, -32),
(c)y:!*+rc y:2(x-1)2-32
(d)v: -2(x- 5)2-s s. (a)(0,s),(6,s),(3, -4),y: (x - 3)2- +
(b) (0,-ll), (4, -rr), (2, -rs),y : (x - 2)2- rs
( c )( 0 ,- l l ) , ( 6 ,- l l ) , ( 3 , 7 ) , y : 2 ( x- 3 ) 2+ 7
630 AHswrRs
(d) (0,-13),(-6, -13),(-3, -4), 22.(a)r : -]t'lt' - 8)andy: -!A - D@- r0)
y:_(x+3)z_4 - ! * + q s r a n d y- :! * * P r x - 4
(e)(0,3),(4.3t.(2.s), r : -]tx - 2)z+ s "ty:
o.y:-]1r-4)2+3.2and
(f) (0,rl), (5,l1),(2.s,-r.5),
y:2(x-2.r2-1.5 v: -+@- 6)2+ 3.2
6. Use partial factoring to find two equidistant points. (b) 3.2m
Then find aris of symmetry and substitute value
into get y-coordinate, which gives the vertex.
7. (a) ll.25m (b)3s Practise4.5,page383
(c) (a\(2,-r) (b)(3,-5)
(c)(0,-25) (d)(-0.75,r7.r2s)
(e)(155,480s0) (f) (-2.2s,-rs.r25)
Practise,Apply,Solve4.5, page390
1. (a) 4 (b) 4 (c) 9
(d) 16 (e) 25 (f) 36
8. (a) 1977 (b) r2r4.8t (c) r522t (e) 100 (h) 8l (i) 4e
9. (a) 1968 (b) 4237.3 2. (a\ 14 (b) 6 (c')12
(c) Yes, it has started to decrease. (d) 18 (e) l0 $20
10. (a) 1997 (b) $s.09 (c) $14.81 e ) -2,
2 (h) 16 (i) 24
11. There are five possible answers: 3. (a) -4 (b) 3, -9 (c) 5, -25
/ f l \ r -r ^ ^ : I 2 3 t t ^^ 4. ( a ) y : ( x + 2 ) 2 - 4 (x-4)2- 16
(b)y:
Y : \- nf zz' Y
\- raaY'
- tt'
(c)y: (x+3)2-7 ( x + 5 ) 2- 3 7
(d)y:
/ f \ 1 -r ^ . (e)y : (x + q2 - 5r (f)y : (x - 7)2- zg
Y = \-6f z + ' Y =, ( _ !t V
\ *l
z+ZS.
(g)y : (x - 3)z- 17 (h) y : (x -5)2 - 30
t: (-$)* + za (i) y: (x + r0)2 - r20
12. (a) number of tickets sold, expenses (a) minimum(3,5) (b) marimum(2, -25)
(b) $7.s0,$897.s0 (c) minimum(-4, -7)
(c\ $12.97,61ticketsor $2.03,359tickets
13. (a) $5.75,$1776.88
6.(a)+ (b)i tc)f
(b) $13.45,47tickets (d)? {d ff (o 0.0625 \
14. ll250mz (h)0.m64
(e)0.01 G)+
15. No, the height at 8 m from aris of symmetryis
26.9m. 7. (a\ -2, -4,4* + 24x + 36
16. (a) R: (10 +.x)(2000- 100x) (b) -2,17, -* - 80x+ 294
(b) factoredform, $5, $22 500 @z,|, -r!r* * oI
(c) $5, $22 5fi) - r' -+
- 8 (b)y:3@
(d) method(b), partial factoring,eachmethodis 8.(a)y: (x+ 2)2
easierin different forms (c)y: -(x-3)2+9 (d)y:-4(x-r)2+tZ
17. (a) 190.8m (b) 4.59s (c) 87.5m (e)y:2(x-r\2+3 (f)y: -3(x- D2-q
/ 1 \ 2 (e)y:4(P+D+r7
18. (a) y : (#) (b) 2.8m
( h )y : 5(' + l)2 - 16
19.96m a y: -Io - 6)2+ 23
<i>
2O.v:a(x+L\ +c
2al
21. (a) complete factoring: x-intercepts, find aris of 0)r:]t"+s)2+4
symmetry, x-coordinate of verte.r, substitute into (k)y:){'-+)'-z
equation to get y-coordinate of vertex; partial
factoring: gives two points with the same 0)r: -frt' + 3)2+ 0.5
y-coordinate, find aris of symmetry, 9.(a)y:11s-42a3
.r-coordinate of verter, substitute into equation (b)y: (x + 4)z- ro
to get y-coordinate of verte-r (c)y:|{*-z)2+t
(b) If the equation is in standard form, it cannot be
(d)y: -(x-z1z-2
factored completely.
(e)Y:-3(x+3)3+40
(f)v:2(x+12-7
ANswens 631
10. y : 2(x - 3)z - I l, verticalstretchby factorof 2, Practise,Apply, Solve 4.7, page 403
right 3, down 1l units l. (a)x:4,-4 ( b )x : 1 5 ,- l s
11. 2000m ( c )r : 1 6 0 , - V s o @ \b : 7 , _ - 7
12. 15min,$160 (e)c : 12,-12 (fl x: Y3, -\/3
13. 10cm by l0 cm, 100cm2 (g) no real solution (h) /: 8, -8
L4. 75 m by 75 m, 5625mz 2.(a)x:3,-3 ( b )x : - 3 , 2
1 5 .3 0 m b y 6 0 m (c)x:0,3 (d)x: -4,-3
1 6 . 1 5 0m b y 2 7 5m . 3 37 5 0m 2 (e).r:J ( f )x : 1 , 1 2
17. (a) 13,13 (b) 20.21,s.79
1 8 .$ 1 . 7 0
( g )x : 0 , 4 @ )x : ] , - z
19. (a) completing the squareeasier: has fewer steps (i)x:5,-5
and gives the vertet 3 . ( a )l , 5
(b)6m (c) 2.095s (b) Answers will vary. Factoring is easier for
20. 27 648 m2 equations with no a-value.
(c) -r-interceptsat (1, 0), (5, 0)
21.In step2,"i - |" should
o" "+ - +"
4.(a\x: +,-+ (b\x: 4,-4
step3:y:2(x+1>'-?*o (c) x : -5, -4 (d) no real solution
s t e p 4 : y : 2 ( x + i*f?
22. (a) $126.48
( e ) . r :0 ,$ $)+,-+
( g )x : 2 , 3 (h)x:4,-3
(b) (c) (i)x:4x.lq\
5. (a) none (b) 2 (c) 2
(d) none (e) I (f) 2
(e) I (h) 2 (i) 2
( a ) x : 4 . 2 4 , - 0 . 2 4 ( b )x : 1 . 5 -, l
(c) x: 1.47,-0.27 ( d )m : 4 . 3 , 0 ; l
( e ) w : - 0 . 2 8 , - 2 . 3 9 g 1x : 0 . 7 1 , 3 2 9
( g )r : 0 . 4 2 , 3 . 5 8 (h) y : -0.25
(i)m=0.59,-3.93
(d)y:${'-oo)'+o 8. (a) 764.48cm2 (b) 6.443cm
- 65.9q2
(f) y : o.ooo8-x + 6.04 9. 1738km
(g) 66 km/h, 6 L/100 km 10. (a) 5.35,0.66 (b) 5.3s,0.66
(h) Use highways but do not speed;avoid stop-and- (c) (a)
go traffic. 11. (a) 4 (b) 2.s, -4
23. i. Answers will vary. Completing the square would (c) 9, I (d) no real roots
work for all. (e) 1.24,-3.24 (f) 6.95,-r2.9s
ii. partial factoring @ )r . 7 2 , 1 . 2 8 (h) 0.28,-9.31
iii.(3._4e),
(2._36).(+.
_*).(j. _?). ( D7 . 1 9 , 0 . 8 1
(a) 71.65m (b) 4.56s
(3.5., (20.s,8283.7
68.425), s), (1,10), (c) 75.42m (d) 7.8 s
( 2' -s7s)'(- 1' 8)'(4,2s'-27.s) (a) $7.2608billion (b) 1990,1998
24. y: (x - l)2 - 36; partial factoring and completing (c) 1994
the square;factoring; completing the squareis t4. 2.02s
entirely algebraic, so no need for graph 15.(a) 107.67kmAr (h) 97.44m
25. 7.5 cm by 7.5 cm (c) example:20 car lengths
26. I 16. 12cm by 9 cm
A ^ s 2 17.b:8,h:10
2 7 .| a \ i = ( x - t ) ' - i + c
18. $2.75or $14.25
( b ) y :@ + + ) -2# * t 19. $4.50,$5.50
(c)y:(r+5)2-18 20. (a) x : 2.5, -4
(c\ 2.5,-4
2 8 .( a )y : a ( x* * f - * . r * . - *
2r. (a\ $3692,$4sr2,$4864,$45s0,$3444,$1946
(b)y:y:a(x**f -**, (c) y: -78P + 1225x+ 17
(d) $6.98to $8.73
(e) $7.83,$4826.70, $7.7s
22. (a) E:700 + 4t (b) $0.32,$15.33
632 AHswrRs
(c) y: -78(x - 7.83)2+ 4395.34,97.83, (c) (-3, 0), (7, 0); x : 2; (2,50);
$4395.34,$7.75,yes t:-2(x-2)2+50
23. E = 1.50+ 3.51,$0.11,$15.55, (d) (0, 2), @, -2); x : -2: (-2, -r0);
y: -78(x - 7.83)2+ 4649.25,$7.83,$4649.25, l:3(x+2)2-10
$7.75,yes (e) (0, 0), (1, 6); .r = -2.5; (-2.5, -6.25);
-
24. 2.1m ,: (x + 2.rz 6.25
25. 10 cm (f) (0,2l), (1, 1lX.r : 5.5;(5.5,9.25);
26. 100cmby 100cm y:(x-5.r2-9.2
27. 12units,9units (e) (0, -3s), (1, -35);.r : 0.5;(0.5,-36);
28.80m - 0 . S ; z* , U
Y:4(x
29. (a\ You could factor (h) (0, -6), (1,5);x : -5; (-5, -31);
y:(r+5)2-lt
4*- lox-24:0
( i ) ( 0 ,- l l ) , ( 1 ,- l ) ; x : 3 ; ( 3 , 7 ) ;
2(2i-5x-12)=0
2(2x+3)(x-4):0 t:-2(x-3)2+7
10. (a) 1.1m (b) 2.3 s
...r:_lorx:4 11. (a) R : 4WOf + r47 00f
You could use the quadratic formula (b) $2.45
(c) riders7350,revenue$18 007.50
-(- ro)1 Vloo - 4(4x:24)
12. (a\, : (x + 12 - 12 (b)y : -2(x + 2)z+ 3
_
2(4' -
(c)y: |<, + s>2 !
_ tO - VIOO+ ft+
8
13. (a) 20.8m (b) partial factoring
_ l0 + V484 14. (a) $ts (b) $3957
8 (c) revenue from toques and scarves is independent
_ to !22 of the ticket price
8
15. (a) 5, -5 (b) 0,4 (c) 7, -5
t 2 3 3 2
...x:_T:_rorx=T:* (d)7,-r (e)+,-+ (D-2, -8
You could graph. 16. (a) none (b) 2 (c) none
t=L- (d) I (e)2 (f)2
30.x:h+ l: (b) 11,-1 (c) 3, I
v 4 17. (a) 3
(-s.3,-1.6)
31.(-r.6,5.6), (d') -2,l9 (e) no realroots (f) -0.3, -6.7
32.4, -1.5 (h) 7.16,0.84 (i) 0.43,-4.s2
G) *
18. (a) 24.5m (b) 2.8s
Chapter 4 Review, page 418 (c) 39.59m (d) 5.6s
1. (a) (4,0),up (b) (-2, -5), up 19. (b) $3.3,501;$r9.7,9 (c) $11.5
(c) (0, 6) down
2 . ( a )y : 1 * * 7 O) y: -2(x - 3)z
Chapter4 ReviewTest,page 428
(c)y:|{r+t)2-+ 1. (a) (0, 7), x : 0, up
(b) (3, 0), r : 3, up
3. (a) yes,no, no
(b) emmples:(0,7), (2, -2), (2, -l) (c) (-1, l0), -r : -1, down
( d ) ( 0 ,- 1 2 ) , x : 0 ,u p
4.(a)y:-2(x+1)(.x-5)
(b)v: -2(x-2)2+18 (e) (-2, -3), x : -2, down
(c) no (f) (5, 6), r : 5, down
5. (a) 9.4 m (b) 29 m
(b) (-4, 0), x : -4, down 2. (a) down 7 (b) right 3
6. (a) (2,1), x : 2, up
(c) (- 1, -8), x : - I, up (c) reflectin.r-a.ris
(d) verticalstretchby factorof3, down 12
7. (a) verticalstretchby a factorof4, down4
(b) reflect in x-aris, horizontalcompressionby a (e) reflectin.r-aris, compression by factorof 2,
factorof 4, right 4 left 2, down 3
(c) reflect in x-aris, vertical stretchby a factor of 3, (f) reflect in x-aris, vertical stretchby factor of2,
left 2, down 7 right 5, up 6
8. 12.02s 3. ( a ) y:3(x+6)2 (b)y: -1A-:112+7
9. (a) (1,0), (-7, 0);r : -3; (-3, - 16); (c) y : -f{r
i "
+ 4)'z- 2(d)y = -t(x - t)' - 16
y:(x+3)2_rc
( b ) ( 0 , - 8 ) , ( 6 ,- 8 ) ; x : 3 ; ( 3 , - r 7 ) ; 4 . @ ) 3 *+ 3 6 x +1 0 8 ( D - + * + e x - |
y:(x-3)2-n
Ar'rsw:ns633
tcl -ff - 3.x- 8 (d)-r-xr+x-:l
2 L
6. (a)
Height vs. Time
5. (a) 0 (b) I (c) 2
6.(a)y:-JLx2+8.5 (b) 1.84m
(c) 26.2m
7. (a) 0.584m (b) 39 m
(c) 38.56 m, up, time is before ball reaches
marimum height
3 6
(d) No, y is negative. Time
(e) 5.62 s
8. (a) y : 2(x + D2 - 50, (0,42), (r, -32) (b) l0 m (c) 6.32s
(b) y : 4x + - -11), (1, -3) (d) 55 m ( e ) 1 . 5 9s , 4 . 4 1s
|)2 !, <0,
(c) y = -3((x - 7. (a) flip the graph, stretch by a factor of 2, shift left
2)z+ 27,(1,o), (-5, o)
(d) y : (x - 3)2- 13,(0, -4), (r, -9) 5, shift down 3
(b)
(e) y = 4(x - r.375)z- 62.5625,(0,- 55),
(r, -62)
(f) y : 5(x + 2)2- 31,(0, -il), (1, 14)
9.6LMmz
10.(a)y:(x-3)2+2 (b)y: -3(x-3)2+56
11. (a) I (b) 2
(c) o
12. (a) Find the verter by completing the square of
partial factoring-the vertex is the marimum
8.
height.
(b) 57 m (c) 6.4 s
13.It gives two equidistant points that can be used to find
the a-risof symmetry, which is equidistant from each
x-coordinate. Those points are not on the x-aris, so
they are not roots.
9. ( a ) x : - l 2 o r x : 6 (b).r: -^!orr:]
CumulativeReviewTest2, page431
10. (a)$l3.os (b) 2000
l. (a) quadratic (b) linear
2 . @ )@ , 6 ) (b) 6 (c) $5.64 - this will occur at t =
]OSS+-SS)
(c)x:4 (d) r : 0 or.x : 8 11. (a) Domestic: 1994,linear 545 576, quadratic513
(e)y=-*t'-q2+6 122;2000:lineu 642 981, quadratic610 527;
imported: 1994, linear 71 969, quadratic 141
3. (a)
Prcfit vs. PackagesSold 825; 2000: linear 186 221, quadratic 256 077
(b) The domestic predictions are probably more
accuratebecausethe model is linear and
gradually increasing.
12. (a)
10
(b)y: -125(x-lq2+2ooo
(c) $1500 (d) 13or 19
(b\ -673.56* + 2 680816.r- 2 665999342
4. (a) 8x2- tox - 3 (b) r5h2- tlhk + 2kz
(d) 153433 (e) 1989
@)9* -30x+25 (d\ s2- 8s + 16
-
(a) (x + 5)(x 3) (b) 3(x + 2)(x + 3)
(c) (3x - 2)2 (d) (4a + 5b)(4a- 5b)
(e) (4x + l)(3x - 2)
634 AruswrRs
Reviewof EssentialSkills-Part lll 2 . ( a )A C : Y 7 , l B : 4 1 . 4 "Z, C : 4 8 . 6 "
(b\ DF : 1.3cm,EF : 2.6 cm,ZD : 100'
Rate,Ratio,and Proportions,pagett40 k \ A t : l 2 c m ,l G : 6 7 . 4 " , 1 1 : 2 2 . 6 "
(d) anglenot contained
1 . ( a )4 : 5 (b)3:5 ( c )I : 3 3. (a) l0 (rational) (b) 6.4807...(irrational)
( d )2 : 1 5 ( e )l : 2 (f) 10:13 (c) 36 (rational) (d) 6 (rational)
2 . ( a )4 m (b) 18m (c\ 24.5m (e) 4.89897...(inational)
(d) 48.4m (e) 27 m
(0 (rationat)
3. (a) 80 beats/min (b) 80 km/h I
(c) $a.9slke (d) 45 words/min 4. (a) A : 181.44cm2,P : 50.4cm
4.(a)x:8 (b)x:63 ( b ) A = 1 0 0 r c m 2P, : 2 D n c m
(c)x:32 (d)x:10 ( c ) A= 9 6 c m 2 , P : 4 O c m
( e )x : 1 2 (f) "r : 40 (d) A : 27.5cm2,P : 21.44cm
( g )x : 5 2 ( h )x : 2 5 . ( a )m : 2 , y : 2 x - 4 ( b )m : - 2 , Y : - Z x + 2
5.(a)x:2.8 (b) x : 10.8 ( c )m : - ; , y : - i x + 4
(c) x : 67.86 (d) x : 177.69
(e) x : 4.62 (f)x: 63 (d)m:fr,y:nor-3
(g) x : 66.67 (h) "r : 3.8 ( e )m : 0 , y = +
6. 1015people 6 . ( a )5 : 6 ( b )I : 2
7. t.4L , ' l
(c, t
(o-+
Angle Relationships,page 442
7 . ( a )x : 3 @y:+
(c) w : 52,o (d) a : -15
(a)r=70,y:50,2=110 ( e)r : - ? ( f )x : - l
( b )I = 1 1 5 , y= 6 5 , 2 : 6 5
8. (a) Yes,correspondingsidesandanglesareequal
( c )r : 2 O , y : 1 6 0z, : 1 6 0
(b) AC : WZ,BC : XY, CD : YZ,DA : ZW
(d)-r:50,):60,2:70
(c) ZA: ZW, ZB : ZX, ZC : ZY, ZD : ZZ
(e).x:80,): 60,2:60
9. (a) ZA= lL, ZA= -L, Z1= r
( f ) , r : 5 5 ,y : 5 5 , 2 : 1 2 5
(b) AB = LM, BC = MN, CA = NL
( g )- r : 6 0 , t : 1 2 0 , 2 : 1 2 0
1 0 .- r : 2 , y : 1 5 , z : 6
( h )r : 3 O , y : 4 0 , 2 : 5 0
11. size,shape
Answens535
(e) similar;AA-, ZW : ZA, ZX: lZ, 14. (b) building-ground : 90o, person-ground : 90 ,
ZWYZ:ZAYZ,#:#=x sun's rays *
(c) height of person and his or her shadow
5. (a) SAS=;ZA: lE, ZB : Z.D, ZACB : ZECD, (or angles)
BC: DC,AC: EC,AB: ED
1.5. span 13 m, length of post 4.6 m
(b) SAS=;tB : ZD,lA: ZE,IACB : LECD,
16. (a) He knew distance between cities and found
AB: ED,AC: EC,BC: DC
angle between them from centre of earth.
(c) ASA=;lA: lE, ZB : ZD, ZACB : ZECD,
(b) accuracy
AB: ED,BC: DC,AC: EC
(d) ASA=;ZA: ZE, ZABC -- ZEDC,
ZACB: ZECD,AC: EC,BC: DC, Practise,Apply, Solve 5.6, page 485
AB: ED r. (a) -3 (b)-+
6. (a) -t : 60o,y : 30o _(b) : 8m,z : 40"
" (c) I (d) -2.7s
\c) b :5.5 cm.c : t/23 cm 2. (a) 7r.6" (b) 14.0' (c) 26.6"
(d) c : 7 cm,d = 10.6cm,e : 5.3cm
(d) 14.0" (e) -26.6" (f) -26.6"
(e),f:5cm,g:5cm
3. (a) 1.43 (b)Y:7.43x+5
7. (a) ZA : 60", CD : 5 cm
(c) -3.50
(b) ZADE :60",IECD : 50',LEDC :40"
(c)ZC:lA:55',BD:4cm 4. (a) y : t/-2, - 2, x-intercept{
(d) 2.4 cm (e) AB : 28 cm (b) y : x - 9, x-intercept9, y-intercept-9
g A B : 8 . 4 c m ,B D : 9 c m s.y=-0.3jx+4.9
8 . s : = ! a. r : c r . 9 : ! 6. y: -Y3x - 5V3
c z' x z
- , ' 6
9. ASA= r. la) s (b) -;
10. (a) L: 90",-A (c,T . , 6 1
(d) 50.2'
(b) PR : 36 cm,QR : 39 cm
11. sameangles,proportionalsides
(e)39.8"
8 . a ) y: f . : r ' - a
( (b)y: 0.84x+0.32
Practise 5.3, page 466 9. (a)y : 2x-+ 63.4" (b) 135'(or45")
l. (a) XY : 2.5 cm,YZ : 3.5 cm,XZ : 2.475cm 10.(a)e,fl
( b ) X f : l O c m , Y Z : 1 4c m ,X Z : 9 . 9 c m (b)y:4x*2-t76.0",t: -3x + l0-t -71.6"
(c) XY : 6cm,YZ : 8.4cm,XZ : 5.94cm (c) 147.6"(or 32.4")
(d) XY : 3.75cm, YZ: 5.25cm,XZ: 3.7125cm -2
ll. (a\DE-)m:LeC-m=
(b\ 26.6" (c) 63.4'
Practise, Apply, Solve 5.4, page 474 (d) 90' (e) negativereciprocals
1. 19.5" (0 yes
2.2m 12. (a) 53.13" (b) 106.26"
3 . ( a )6 m (b) 3 m2 (c) centre angle : 2 x circumference angle
4. 16.2m 13. (a) 31.0' (b) 59.0' (c)3m
5. (a) I cm in small : 3 cm in large, I : 3 L4. (a')107.4m (b) 74.3m
(b) 4.05 L 15. no,tan4o : 0.07orTVo
6. (a) hypotenuse : distance from top ofhead 16. 10V5m
(real -+ shadow); the assumptiongood; people 17. (a) For a given slope,thereis a definiteangle
usually stand reasonably shaight. betweenthe line andther-axis.
(b) distance from top oftower (real -+ shadow) (b) Look up the slopein the tableon p. XX andread
(c) same angles (Shirin and tower) acrossto find the ansle.
( d )1 2 5 : 8 (e) 25 m 18. (a) 8.4m (b) 55'
7. (a) 3.0m ( b )2 m u p , f * o u t 19. (a) 18.40m (b) 85.75m, 135.75 m
(c) laddersareparallel (d) 9 m (c) same
8. (a) (AA-) (b) 20 : 1 (c) 520 m
9. 12.0m Practise, Apply, Solve 5.7, page 495
1 0 . 2 1 . 7m
|'l. 25 m
rs. (a)j o)#
^ E
(")
+
12. 161.7m (d1 (e) 53.1' (f) 78'
13. 16m
t . ( b )s i nY : E , c o sY : # . t ^ Y : X
636 Answens
2. (a) o.5736 (b) 0.s000 (c) 1.000 (b\ a : 45",b : 45",e : 7!2 cm
(d) 0.2588 (e) 0.3090 (f) 0.7813 @)j: a\/5 cm, i : 8 cm
(e) 0.0349 (h) 0.1219 (d) I : l8',i : 9.5cm,I : 3.1cm
3. (a) 32' (b) 65" (c) 77" (e) r : 18",q : 3.2 cm,n : 10.5cm
(d) 60" (e) 14' (f) 5' ( f )x : 6 4 . 2 " . Y : 2 5 . 8 o , q = Y l 9 c m
(g) 45' (h) 62' (i) 58' ( g )r : 6 6 . O " , Y :w : 1 3 2 . 0 "
4. @) a.6 (b) s.l (c) 6.e (h'l a : 6 cm,b : 4 cm,x : 63.4"
(d) 5.6 (e) 69.1 (f) s.2 27.1635.4m
5. (a) 68' (b) 61' (c) 59'
28. no,t--' (+) : 6.3o;no,tan-r (*) : t u"
(d) 39' (e) 64' (f) 30'
29. 6l.0o
6. (a)sinB: l, B : +,lrrnB :1
30. 14.8km
"ot
(b)sinB: f, cosB :1,ffi8 : + 3 1 .( a ) J : 0 . 7 5 x - 4
(b) Y: 0'9x+ 0.2
(c)sinB: l|, B : *,:rrnB = + 3 2 . ( a ) t a n - t( - 3 ) : - 7 l . 6 , t a n - t ( 2 ) : 6 3 . 4 "
"o'
(d)sinB:11, B: +,tan8 : I (b) 135'or45'
"o' ^^ ,./8
rr. (4, [7,7/
46\
7. (a) 36.9" (b) 53.1'
(c) 67.4 (d) 45' (b) tan-t (-3) : -71.6",tan-r(4) :76.0"
Arswrns 637
(c) c : 33.7"
(d) d : -s6.3'
( e )E : 6 3 . 4 "F, : 5 3 . 2 "
(f)w: l2.5cm,e:19.5cm
2. 6\ t6
(b) sin60 :f..or 60 : +.tan 60 : \6
3. 5645.6m
4 . 1 . 1 7k m
5. (a) lZ : 75",XY : 71.1cm,XZ : 19.0cm
(b) AB : 28.0cm, ZA : 46.0', ZB : 44.0"
6. I 1.0cm2
7. (a) L6' (b) The30 m toweris closer
Chapter 6
638 Arswens
4. 1.6.7m t6. 52.1
5.48m -- , - sin ZL : sn lM = sin ZN
rt. lat t ^ ,
6. rise57.5cm,run 191.6cm
sntP
7 .A B : 5 4 m ( b ) 1 8 0 '- z P - z Q : z R . s i n z R-
r p
8. closer (c) two sides and one angle (find other angle) or
9. (a) AC : rr.5 (b) BD : 13.1 two angles and one side (find other side)
10.AC:8 18. 8.7 m
11. 9.8cm, 15.9cm 1 9 .( a ) a : 6 . 8 5 (b) area : 39.5 units2
12. (a) ratio of heightsof 2 similartriangles 20. 8.2cm
(b)l:16666.7
13. (a) 4 984.2cm
(c) 75 000.15cm
(b) 11 445.2cm
2r. (a)fio (Dt
\n ZA
14. No, the ratio is different, 1.7 : 1.4 (c,l ssin
zc @#E
15.3.92m
16. (a) 1) See if two angles of one match two angles of
Practise, Apply, Solve 6.4, page 554
another
2) See if two pairs of corresponding sides are 1. 9.8m
equal 2.3.02krrl
(b) (c) 3. 22.5m
1) Sketch the triangles so they are both created 4. 6.24m, 13.54m
the same way 5. 2nd plane,0.8km asopposedto 0.96km
2) Determine whether or not the triangles are 6. l0l.2m
similar 7.24.6m
3) In what order do the sides and angles 8. 15cm
match up? 9. 17.06cm
What information has been provided? Is it 10.32.62m
marked on the diagram? Ll. (a) usedatato createa triangle,usedatato solvefor
4) Set up equations for the equal ratios and valuewanted
solve for the required unknown quantity (b) is it a triangle?determineif thereis enoughdata
(c) similar triangles to usethe sinelaw
(d) create a problem (c) 2 sides,I angleoppositeunknownside
17. Kiddie $1.46 per regular height, as opposedto 12. 201.75m
regular:$1.75
18. I : I by similarity. therefore y2 : xz. Practise,Apply,Solve6.5,page 566
t z
19. 135cm L. (a) no (b) no
20. 4.8m, 3.96m (c) yes (d) no
(e) no (f) yes
2.x:l3.2cm
Practise, Apply, Solve 5.3, page 549
3. (a'lt: 5.81cm,ZA: 66.9",ZC : 50.1"
l. (a) 31.9cm (b) 2l cm (b) z :5.38 cm,lX : 36.4",ZY : 56.6"
2. (a) 60.9" (b) 101.6" (c) i :23.05 cm,ZE : 48",ZP : 60'
3.a:b:26.7cm 4. ZA: 44.4"
4.Y:6'5cm 5. 20.95cm
5. h) ZP: 53.1' 6. 7.8cm
(b) usingsimpletrigonometry 7. 59.73cm
6.u:89.6cm 8. 38.1km
t . o : r z . tc m 9. 6.3"
t. )q" 10. 30"
9. t = 268.9m, h -- 385.7m, ZR : 59" ll. 7.13km, yes,if you assumethatNW : 45oor
lO. a : 41.9m, t : 44.9m, ZA = 67" elseno
11. Two sidesandunknownangleacrossfrom oneof 12. (a) sides4.17cm (b) 38.9'
the sidesor two anglesandany side,unknownangle 13. (a) 26.7cm (b) 36.6cm
acrossfrom onesideor eitheroneof the two (c) 44.4cm (d) 51 cm
unknownsides. 14. 30.15m
12. 23.3cm 15. 215.7km
13. 10.8m 16. l4.2km
14, 12.2m, 16.7m 17.17lm
1 5 . 1 1 . 9m
Arswrns 639
f8. (a) 1518.8km (b) 179.8km 20.34.77m
19. 9.64km 21.66.7m
20.22.6" 22. (a) 34.39m (b) 14.43m longer
21. ZAOB : 57.5"
22. (a) p2 : d + f - Zqr cos lP Chapter5 Review,page 580
q2:p2+f-2prcosZe
1.8cm
P:p2Iq2-2pqcosA
2.x--2cm,Y:8cm
(b) find one unknown side between two given
3. (a\ DE: 7.5cm (b) BC : 7 cm
angles with one other side given
( c \2 : 3 ( d )4 : 9
(c) find unknown angle corresponding to unknown
4. b:5.07 cm
side, given two sides and one angle
5. lR -- 72.15"
corresponding to one of the known sides
6.295.44m
23. (a) 1M.5" (b) 109.5'
7. t -- 5.94m
(c) sides bigger, base bigger, height bigger;
8. 70.53'
therefore volume bigger
9. 58.17'
24. SR263.9km
1 0 .a : 6 . 5 c m ,l M : 7 5 . 9 " , Z T : 3 6 . 1 o
25. (a\ 13.(Xcm (b) 16.87cm
11. 9.4m
2 6 .P : 1 0 . 8c m .A : 8 . 2 c m z
12.21.2m
27. (a'l N 67" W (b) 695.12km/h
640 Arswrns
acute angle an anglethat is lessthan 90o. centoid of a triangle: the point where the three medians
of a triangle intersect.Also calledthe centreof massor
acute triangle a triangle in which all interior anglesare
balancepoint (for a thin, triangular solid).
acuteangles.
chord: a line segmentjoining rwo points on a curve.
algebraic expression:an acceptablecombination of at
leastone variableand possiblynumbers and operation circle the set of all points in a plane that are the same
symbols.For example,x, 2x, and 12* + 7s areall algebraic distance(calledthe radius) from a fixed point in the plane
expressions. (calledthe centre).
algebraic modelling: representinga number pattern with circumcentre of a triangle the centre of the circle that
an algebraicexpression,or representinga relation with an passesthrough all three verticesof a triangle.
equation or a formula. coefficienc the factor by which a variable is multiplied.
algorithm: a specificset of instructions for finding the For example,in the term 3g the coefficientof s is 3; in the
solution to a problem. rcrm b1, the coefficient of 1 is b.
altitude the line segmentrepresentingthe height of a completing the square: the processof adding a constant
polygon, drawn from a vertex of the polygon perpendicular to a given quadraticexpressionto form a perfectsquare
to the oppositeside. trinomial.
analytic geometrt': the branch of mathematics that uses complex number: in advancedmathematics, the sum of a
the r-y plane to determineequationsthat representlines real number and an imaginary number.
and curves. concurrent lines: lines that intersectat a common point.
angle a geometric figure formed by two rays with a congruenoe the properry shared by geometric figures that
common end point. are identical in shapeand size.The symbol for congruence
angle bisector: a line separatingan angleinto two equal 15=, asin LABC= L.DEF.
Parts. coordinate plane seex-! ?kne.
angle of dedination: see inclination. coordinates: a set of numbers usedto define a position. In
angle of depression:seeetzuation. the rc-1plane, coordinatesare in the form of orderedpairs
angle ofelevationt seeeleuation.
(x,9.
correlation coefficieng a measureof how well the points
"ngle of inclination: seeinclination. in a scatterplot fit an algebraicmodel. A value closeto I
apothem: the perpendiculardistancefrom the centreof a
or -l indicatesa good fit; a vdue closeto 0 indicatesa
regularpolygon to one of the sides.
poor fit.
application: a pracdcalsituation outside of mathemadcsin
cosine: one of the primary trigonometric ratios
which mathematicalconceptsand skills can be usedto (abbreviationcos).In a right triangle, the ratio ofthe
solveproblems.
length of the side adjacent to an angle to the length of the
area: the measureof the surfaceof a figure, in terms of the hypotenuse.
number of unit squaresneededto coverthe figure.
curve of best fft: the curve that best representsthe relation
average seerneasureof central tendengr.In common use, beoveenthe variablesfor a set of points on a scatterplot.
auerageis the sameas mean, the highest exPonent that appears
degree of a polynomial
axis: a line drawn for referencewhen locating points in a in any term.
coordinatesystem.
dependent variablq in an algebraic relation, the variable
axis of syrnmetry: a line dividing a plane figure into tvvo whosevalue dependson the value of anothervariable.
parts, eachof which is a mirror image of the other. Often represenredbyy
binomiaft an algebraicexpressionthat containstwo terms' diagonal a line segmentjoining two verticesof a polygon
for example,4x - 7y or 5* + 3. that are not next to each other.
Cartesian coordinates: a systemfor locating points in the difference of squares: a technique of factoring applied to
x-y planeusing orderedpairs that representa pointt an expressionof the form d - F,which can be factoredas
distancealong the perpendicularx- and 1axes. (a + b)(a- b).
centre ofdilatiom seediktion. diffetence table an extended table ofvalues that adds the
centre of masst seecentroid. finite differencesfor the dependent variable'
GrossaRv641
dilatation: see dihtion. factored form of a quadratic r€lation: a quadratic relarion
dilation: a transformation that enlarges or reduces a figure. in the form 1 = a(x - s)(x - r). This form reveals that the
Lines joining corresponding points on the original and zeros of the relation are r and t
transformed figures meet at rhe cenrre of dilation. figurate numbers: a sequence of numbers that can be
direct variation: the relation exhibited by two variables represented by an arrangement ofequally spaced points in
where one variable is a constant multiple of the other. the shape of regular polygons: triangles, squares, etc.
directri* the line which, together with a focus point, finite differences: in a table ofvalues where the r-
defines the shape ofa parabola. coordinates are evenly spaced, the first differences are the
differences bewveen consecutive fcoordinates. The second
discriminane the expression F - 4ac, derived from the
differences are the differences between consecutive first
quadratic equation a* + bx + c. If the discriminant is
differences, and so on. For a linear relation, the first
greater than 0, equa.l to 0, or less than 0, then rhe equarion
differences are constant. For a quadratic relation, the first
has two, one, or no real roots, respectively. See quadratic
differences are not constant, but the second differences are
formuk.
constant.
distributive propertt': a(b + c) = ab + ac
first-degree equation: an equation in which the exponent
dynamic geometry software: compurer programs with a of the variable is l. For example, 2(6x - 3) = -8 + 3x + 1.
wide array offeatures that allow the user ro consrrucr,
first-degree inequation: an inequality in which the
manipulate, and measure geometric figures.
exponent of the variable is 1. For example,
elevation: the angle berween a line and the horizontal. 3-2x<7x-15.
Called elevation ifthe line is above the horizontal, or
first-degree polynomid: a polynomial in which the
depression if it is below.
exponent ofthe variable is 1. For example, 8x- 17.
elimination: a merhod used to solve linear systems by
first differencest seefnite dffirences.
matching coefficients of one variable by mulriplication,
then adding or subtracting the equarions to eliminate that focus: see directrix.
variable. function: the reladon bewveen two variables such that for
equations a statement that two mathematical expressions any value ofthe independent variable (usually x), there is
have the same value, that is, they stand for the same only one corresponding value of the dependent variable
number. (usually/.
equilateral triangle: a triangle with rhree sides ofequal g (acceleration due to gravit'): the rate at which a free-
length. falling object accelerates.At the surface ofthe earth,
g= 9.8 mls2.
evaluate to determine a particular value for an expression.
generalize: to create a general rule to represent a pattern or
spanded form of a quadratic relation: see standard form.
relation between variables.
erponenh the use of a superscript in mathematics to
geostationar'': a satellite in an orbit such that it always
denote repeated multiplication. For example, 43 means
remains above the same point on the eartht surface.
4 x 4 x 4 and the exponenr is 3.
graphing calculator: a hand-held cdculator that allows the
exponential notation: scientific notation used by
user to create a graph from an equation, construct a scatter
calculators to display numbers that are too small or too
plot from a table ofvalues, determine the equation ofa
large to fit in the calculator screen. For example, the
curve ofbest fit for a scatter plot, and perform statistical
number 243 980 000 000 may appear x"2.4398 11" on
calculations, among other tasls. Many graphing calculators
the calculator screen. This indicates that the number is
can also be used in conjunction with scientific probes to
equivalent to 2.4398 x l}tt.
collect and display data from physical measurements (for
extrapolate: to esrimate a vdue that is beyond the range of example, position, temperature, and force).
the given data by following a patrern.
graphing software a computer program that performs
factor: to express a number or algebraic expression as the many of the same functions as a graphing calculator.
product of two or more numbers or algebraic expressions.
guess-and-checlc a problem-solving strategy using a
The numbers or algebraic expressions in such a product are
sequence of refined estimates. Each estimate is checked
also called factors. For example, d - F can be factored as
against the original problem and used to formulate a berter
(a+ b)(a- b).Or 24= 2 x 2 x 2 x 3.
estimate.
642 Grossnnv
hypotenuse: in a right triangle, the side opposite the right firnction. Representedby a first-degreeequation involving
angle. two variables.
imaginary number: in advanced mathematics, a number linear system: a set of equations (at least two) that
of the form ai, where a is a reil. number and i2 = -1. representlinear relationsbetweenthe samewo variables.
incentre the centre of the incircle of a polygon. The locus: the path tracedby a point moving accordingto
incircle is the circle inside a polygon that touches every somedefinite mathematicalrule. For example,a circle is
side. the locus of a point moving in a plane and alwap at the
incircle: see incenffe.
samedistancefrom a fixed point in the sameplane.
GrossnRv543
nonlinear relation: a relation between two variables that polynomial an algebraicexpressionconsistingof one or
doesnot fit a straight line when graphed. more terms, usuallyof the form a + bx + cxz+ . . ., where a,
non-real number: a number that is not in the set of real b, c, ... arenumbers.
numbers,for example,32. population: the total number of individuals or subjects
obtuse triangle a triangle in which one of the anglesis an involved in a surveyor sample.
obtuseangle,that is, an anglegreaterthan 90" and less primary trigonometric ratios: the basic ratios of
than 180". trigonometry-sine, cosine,and tangent.
optimal (or optim.-) value: the maximum or minimum proofi a logical procedureto show that a starementis
value of a variable. always true.
ordered pair: a pair of numberswhere the order is proportiond: one variableis proportional to another if the
important. The coordinatesof a point in the ;c7 plane ratio of correspondingvaluesis alwaysthe same.For
form an orderedpair. The orderedpairs (3, 5) and (5, 3) example,the perimeter of a squareis proportional to the
fepresentdifferent points. length ofone side.
origin: the intersectionof nyo or more axesin a coordinate Pythagorean theorem: in a right triangle, the squareof
system.The referencepoint from which a length is the length of the hypotenuseis equal to the sum of rhe
measured. squaresof the lengthsof the other two sides.
orthocentre: the point where t}re three altitudesof a quadratic equation: an equation containing only terms
triangle intersect. with variableshaving whole number exponents,where at
parabola: an open curve shapedlike the graphof y = f.11 leastone ofthe variableshas an exponentof2, and the
is alsothe locus ofa point that is equidistantfrom a fixed exponentsofthe other variablesare lessthan 2. For
point and a fixed line. example,-72x2 - 3lx + 27 = 0 is a quadraticequation.
parallel lines: lines in rhe sameplane that nevermeet. quadratic formula: the formula that determines the roots
of a quadradcequation in the form ax2 + bx + c= 0. The
parallelogram: a quadrilareralwith oppositesidesrhat are
formula statesthat the valuesof the roots are
parallel.
-bxt/-bz-4ac
partid factor: merhod for finding two points on opposite x=
2
sidesof the axisof symmetry of a parabola,when rhe quadratic function: a function represented by a quadratic
standardform relation cannot be completelyfactored.For equation. For example, y = x2 - 3x + 9.
the quadraticrelation7 = a* + bx + 6 parrial factoring
quadratic regression: a method (performed with a
gives.T=lax+ b) + c.
calculator) to find the best-fit quadratic equation for the
perfect square: (quadraticexprasion)a trinomial ofthe data in a scatter plot. Although you can always use
form dP + 2abx + F, which can be factoredx (ax + b)2.
quadratic regression, this does not necessarily mean that
p€rimeter: the length of the boundary of a plane figure. there is a quadratic relation between the variables.
period: the block of repeatingdigits in a repeatingdecimal quadratic relation: a relation betvyeen two variables that
number. can be represented by a quadratic funcdon.
perpendicular: rwo lines that intersectat a right angle. quadrilateral: a polygon with four sides.
perpendicular bisector: a line that is perpendicularto a quotiene the result of dividing one number by another.
line segmenrand passesthrough the midpoint of the line For example, if 5 is divided by 2, the quotient is 2.5.
segment. radius: the distance from the centre of a circle to a point
pixel: basicelementof a computer display.Imagesare on the circle.
formed by specifyingthe colour and brightnessof each rate triangle a right triangle drawn to show the rate of
pixel in a large,rectangulararray ofpixels. change in the lvariable compared to the x-variable for two
plane a flat surface.The line joining any rwo points in a points in the x-y plane.
plane is alsocompletelywithin the plane. ratio: a number or quantity compared with another,
poht of intersection: see intersection. expressed in symbols as a: b. The ratio a : & is equivalent
polygon: a closedfigure formed by three or more line to the quotient
f.
segmentsin a plane. Examplesinclude triangles, rational numbet: a number of the form where a and b are
quadrilaterals,hexagons,and decagons. inregers and, b*0.
64 Glossnny
ray3part of a line that startsat an end point and extends scientific probe a device used with a graphing calculator
indefinitelyin one direction. or a computer to directly collect data from physical
measurements(for example,position or temperature).
real number: any number that can be representedby a
point on the number line. Every real number is either second-degree polynomial a polynomial containing only
rational or irrational. terms with variableshaving whole number exPonents'
where at leastone ofthe variableshas an exponentof2,
real root of an equation: a solution to an equation that is
and the exponentsofthe other variablesare lessthan 2-
a real number.
For example,-3x2 - 2x + 5 and 6y2 aresecond-degree
realistic (or real-world) situation: a description of an polynomials.
event or eventsencounteredin everydaylife, or an
second differencest seefnite dffirences.
experimentimitating such an event.
segment. seeline segment.
reciprocal: the multiplier of a number that give I as the
result. For example, is the reciprocalof 2.The negatiue similar'6iangl6s trianglesin which correspondingsides
reciprocalis the multiplier of a number that gives-l as the are proportional. The symbol for similarity 15-, as in
result.The negativereciproca.l of ts -!. (a. b * 0). AABC. ADEF.
i
sine one of the primary trigonometric ratios (abbreviation
rectangle a parallelogramin which the interior anglesare
sin). In a right triangle, the ratio ofthe length ofthe side
right angles.
oppositean angleto the length of the hlpotenuse.
reflection: a transformationof a geometricalfigure that
sine law: in any triangle ABC, with sidesa b, and,c
producesa mirror image of the figure with resPectto a
oppositeangles,4, 4 and C respectively,
line, which is calledthe axisof symmetry.
a = b = c
region on the.r-yplane an bounded by curvesor lines on ,t"l ,1", tt. C
the x-yrplane. slope a measureofthe steepness ofa line, expressedasthe
regression:a method usedto determinethe equation of rise (verticaldistance)divided by the run (horizontal
the line or curve that best fits or representsthe distribution distance)betweenany two points on the line.
ofpoints on a scatterplot. Seelinear regressionand solution: the set ofvalues that result in a true statement
quadratic regression. when they replacethe unknowns in an equation.
relation: an identified properry that connectstwo setsof spreadsheet computer software used to createtables and
numbers or two variables.Can be expressedasa table of allow the user to enter formulas for repeatedcalculations.
values,a graph,or an equation. sqnare: (Geometry)a rectanglewith equal sides' (Algebra)a
rhombus: a parallelogramwith all sidesof equal length. quantity multiplied by itself (sometimescalledperfect
right tri"ngle a triangle with one right angle. square).
rise: the vertical distancebetweentwo points. Seen'r'n. square numbers: figurate numbers derived from a square
s h a p et,h a ti s , l , 4 , 9 , 1 6 ,. . .
root of an equation: a value of the variable that makes the
equation true. For example,2 is a root ofthe equation square rooc one of the two equal factorsof a number For
x2 - x- 2 = 0. Also calleda solution to the equation' example,the squareroot of 49 is 7. In symbols'Y 49 = 7 .
rotation: a transformationof a geometricalfigure in which standard form (of a quadratic relation): a quadratic
eachpoint of the figure movesaround a fixed point by the relation in the formy = ax2 + bx + r. Also calledexpanded
sameangle. form.
run: the horizontal distancebetweentwo points. Seeru'ra substitution: the processof replacingpart of an algebraic
expressionwith another algebraicexpressionor value.Also,
scale:the ratio betweenthe sizeofan object in a drawing
a method usedto solvelinear systemsby rearrangingone
and the sizeofthe actual object.
equation so that it can be substitutedinto the other
scale drawing: a drawing that is the sameshapeas an equadon.
actual object and whosesizeis determinedby the scale.
symm€tr'': seeaxis of sYmmetry.
scalenetriangle: a triangle with no equd sides.
system of equations: a set of two or more equations in
scatter plot: a graphicalmethod of showing the relation two or more variables.
betweentwo variablesin a table ofvalues by plotting
table of vdues: a table used to record the values of two
points on a coordinategrid. The coordinatesofeach point
variablesin a relation.
representa pair ofvdues ofthe two variables.
GLossrnv 645
tangent: one of the primary trigonometric ratios variable: a symbol represendngsomequantiry that can
(abbreviationtan). In a right rriangle,the ratio ofthe take on any of a set ofvalues. For example,x and1t are
length of the side oppositean angleto the length of the variablesin the algebraicexpression5x2- l2y + 67.
adiacentside.
vertex ofa parabola: the poinr where a parabola
term! paft of an algebraicexpression,separatedfrom the intersectsits axisof symmetry; the maximum or minimum
rest by plus or minus signs.For example,in 2x2 + x - 70, point.
the termsare2x2,& and -10.
vertex ofa polygon: a point ofintersection oftvvo sides
transformation: changing a graph or a geomerrical figure of a polygon.
by translation,rorarion, dilarion, or reflection.
vertex form of a quadratic relation: a quadratic relation
translation: a transformationof a geometricalfigure in in the form y = a(x - h)2 + *. This form revealsthat the
which eachpoint movesrhe samedistanceand in the same vertex of the correspondingparabolais at (h, k).
direction.
vertical stretch factor: a coemcient in an equation that
trapezoid: a quadrilateralin which one pair of opposite determinesthe degreeto which the correspondinggraph is
sidesis paralleland unequd in length. vertically scetched.
trend: a pattern of generaldirection or movemenr,often whole number: a natural number or zero,from the ser
for a variablethat is measuredagainstrime. Representedby 0,1,2,3,...
the line or curve ofbest fit in a scatrerplot.
r-axis: see*! plane.
6iangl6; a polygon with three sides.
.ryplane a coordinatesystembasedon the intersectionof
trigonometry': the branch of mathematicsconcernedwith two perpendicularlines calledaxes.The *axis is the
the propertiesoftriangles and calculationsbasedon these horizontal axis,while the laxis is rhe vertical axis.The
ProPerties. origin is the point ofintersecrion ofthe two axes.
UTM: UniversalTiansverseMercaror system.An 1-axis: seex-! plane.
international standardfor assigningcoordinatepairs ro
zeros of a relation: rhe .:c-interceptsof the graph of the
Dointson the eartht surface. relation.
646 GrossnRv
= (congruencesymbol), 457 Circumcentre,189, l9l
A (delta symbol), 483 Compassdirections,558
- (similarity symbol), 457 Complete factoring. Seefactoring.
Ahmes Papyrus,46 Completing the square,386-389
Algebra ttles,287-288 Complex number, 399
Altitude,187,189-190 Compresstransformation,360
Analydc geometry 139, 167 Concurrent lines, 197
Angle and slope,479-484 Congruent triangles,457-458
Angle bisector,187 Correlation coefficient, 107' 109-l l1
Angle of declination or depression,483 Cosine, 490-493
Angle ofincidence,4TT Cosine law, 562-564, 57 1-572
Angle of inclinadon or elevation,483, 502 Curve of best fit, 250, 290
Angle of reflection,477 Degreeof a polynomial, 250
Axis of symmetry,263, 347, 369 Descartes,RenC,167
Bearings,558-559 Diagonal, 198-199
Binomial,287 Differenceof squares,304
Biography.Bondar, Roberta, 117 Dilation, 465-466
Biography.Descartes,RenC,167 Direction of opening, 263, 360
Biography.Euclid,272 Directrix, 341
Biography.Falconer,Etta, 85 Discriminant, 399
Biography.Le Corbusier, 148 Distancebeween rwo points, 158-162, 194
Biography. McDuff, Dusa, 73 Distanceformula. SeeDistancebetweentwo points.
Biography.Morgan, Garrett, 55 Distancefrom the origSn,149-l5O
Biography.Vibte, Frangois,559 problems,50, 100
Distance-speed-time
Biography.'$files,Andrew, 199 Distributive property, 287, 294-295
Bisectot angle.SeeAngle bisector. Dynamic geometrysoftware,146, 455-456' 467' 490
Bisector,perpendicular.SeePerpendicularbisector Eglash,Ron, 533
Blood Alcohol Content (BAC),246 Elimination, 96-97
Bondar,Roberta,117 ENIAC,98
Break-evenpoint, 48 Equation of a circle, 154
Career. City plannet 544 Eratosthenes,478
Career.Civil engSneet493 Erclid,272
Career.Marketer, 56 Expandedform ofa quadraticrelation' SeeStandardform.
Career.Mechanical engSneet446 Factoredform of a quadratic relation, 277, 293-295
Career.Statistician,340 Factoringa quadraticexpression,302-304' 312, 370-373,
399
Career.Structural engineer,563
Falconer,Etta,85
Centre of dilation, 465
Fermat, Pierre de,577
Centreof mass,186-189
Figuratenumbers, 248, 253
Centroid, 188-189
First differences,247, 248-250
Certicom, 49
Focus,341
Circle, equation of, 154,201-202
lruorx 647
Fractd.,532-533 Orthocentre, 189
g, Accelerationdue to graviry 318,362-363,409-410 Pappus,454
Gauss,Karl Friedrich, 248 Parabola,263
Geometer's
Skachpad. SeeThe Geometer's
Sketchpad Parallellines, 160, 200-201, 483
Golden Gate Bridge, 300 Partid factoring, 370-373, 389
Grade (of an incline), 480 Pendulum,256,408-409
Graphing calculator.SeeTI-83 Plus. Pentagonalnumbers,253
Graphingto solvea linearsystem,57,77 Perfectsquare(of a binomial), 304
Gravelet, J ean Frangois,476 Perpendicularbisector 171-172, 187, 189, 201-202, 263
Gravity. Seeg, Acceleration due to graviry. Perpendicularlines, 160, 189-193, 200-202
Greenshield'sfor mula, 42 Pitch (of a roo0, 480
Hales,Thomas, 454 Pixel,144
Hipparchus,491 Point of intersection,56, 57, 74, 185, 186-193
Hypsometer,470 Population growth,246
Imaginary number, 399 Primary trigonometric ratios. SeeRatio, trigonometric.
Indirect measurement,471 Projectilemorion, 275-276
Intelligent TiansportationSystem,42 Proof, 198-199,552
Johnstone,Doug, 6 Pythagoras,561
Le Corbusier,148 Pythagorean
theorem,150, 154, 160, 181, 472, 560
Line ofbestfit, 41, 105, 109 Quadratic equation, 312, 395-399
Line segment,147-148, 160, 166 Quadratic formula, 39 6-399
Linear equation,48 Quadratic regression.SeeRegression,quadraric.
Linear regression.SeeRegression,linear. Quadratic relation, 250, 276-277, 295, 304, 360
Linear relation, 250 QuadReg.SeeTI-83 Plus. Quadratic regression.
Linear system,48, 57, 67 Quadrilateral,177-178, 180-18ll, 198-201
LinReg. SeeTI-83 Plus. Linear regression. Ramp,479
Locus,341 Ranger.SeeTI CBR (Cdculator-basedRanger).
Maximum vaLue,267, 263, 273-274, 277, 382-383, 387 Ratio, trigonom etric, 490-493
McDufi, Dusa,73 ReaInumber, 399
Median, 171, 187-189 Rectangle,199
Midpoint, 166, 171, 201-202 Regression,
linear,41, 105-106,108-l I I
Midsegment, 200-201 Regression,quadratic, 290-291, 292-293, 349 -350
Minimum vaLue,262-263, 277, 382-383, 387 Rhind Papyrus,46
Mirrot 477 Right trianglesin trigonometry problems, 502-506
Modelling,48,108-111 Roots of a quadraticequation, 312, 369, 396-399
Morgan, Garrett,42,55 Saint Louis = St. Louis, Missouri, 301
Number ofroots ofa quadraticequation,399,402 Satellite,153
Number patterns,248-250 Scaledrawing, 471
Optimum (or optimal) value, 261-263 Scatterplot, 105, 10, 290
Orbit, 153 Seconddifferences,249-250, 263
Origami,551 Self-similariry 532-533
548 truorx
Sierpinskitriangle, 532-533 TI CBR (Calculator-basedRanger),4ll-412
Similar triangles, 457 -458, 467-473, 47 l, 534-536 TI-83 Plus
Graphing a linear equation,66, 145
Sine, 490-493, 50r, 546-548
Linear regression,106, 108-l I I
Sine law, 546-548, 552-555' 571-572 Maximum or minimum of a quadratic,264,382-383
Skid marks, 251,259 Pixels.144
Slope,160, 181, 190-191,193, 200-202 Point of intersection,74, 7 5, l9l
lrorx 549
The Georneterl Shetchpad TI-83 Plus
dilation, 465-466 Graphing a linear equation, 66, 145
fractd,s,533 Linearregression,
106, 108-1I I
introduction, 79-80 Maximum or minimum of a quadratic,264,382-383
line segment,length, and slope,147-148 Puels, 144
midpoint, 166-167 Point of intersection,74,75,l9l
point of inrersection,185 Quadratic regression,290-291, 292-293
similartriangles,450-453 Scatterplot, 105
terminology, 146 Tligonometry,492
triangles,467 Use with motion detector (CBR), 411-412
Zeros,270-272
TI CBR (Calculator-basedRanger), 411-412
Zoom,65
650 TecHruolocv
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