DISASTER LANDSCAPE IN THE PHILIPPINES

The Philippines ranked;

 3rd in 2011 to 2013
 2nd in 2014
 3rd in 2015-2018
 9th in 2019
The Philippines rests on the Western Segment of the Pacific Ring of Fire
NATURAL HAZARDS- are naturally occurring physical phenomena caused by
either rapid or slow onset events.
1. Hydrometeorological Hazards
- Typhoon/ Cyclones
- Storm Surges/ Monsoon Waves= an offshore rise of water caused by
powerful winds pushing on the ocean’s surface.
- Tornadoes
- Landslides
- Floods
2. Geophysical Hazards
- Earthquake
Types of Earthquake
 Ground Fissure- A division created when two blocks on both sides MOVE
IN OPPOSITE DIRECTIONS.
 Soil Liquefaction- Phenomenon wherein sediments, especially near
bodies of water, BEHAVE LIKE LIQUID similar to a quicksand.

- Landslides
- Tsunami= Giant see waves resulting from the disturbance of the ocean
floor by an earthquake.
- Volcanic Activity-
3. Climatological Hazards
- Extreme Temperature
- Drought = A temporary reduction in water or moisture availability
significantly below the normal or expected amount for a three
consecutive months.
- Wildfires
4. Biological Hazards
- Disease Epidemics= Avian Flu, Measles, Cholera, Pollio, Ebola, HIV/Aids,
Meningitis, Tuberculosis, Dengue, Malaria, Covid-19
- Insect/ Animal Infestation
ANTHROPOGENIC HAZARDS- also known as TECHNOLOGICAL HAZARDS are
events that are caused by humans and occur in or close to human settlements.
1. Urban Fire
2. Transport Accidents
- Air Tragedy
- Sea Tragedies
- Land Tragedies
- Rail Tragedies
3. Complex Emergencies/ Conflicts- a form of HUMAN INDUCED
EMERGENCY in which the cause of the afflicted is complicated by intense
level of political considerations.
4. Famine= Brought about by multiple root causes, such as severe drought,
conflict, poverty, worsening debt crisis, or management or abuse or
resources.
5. Industrial Accidents

NATURAL HAZARDS
1. Hydrometeorological
2. Geophysical
3. Climatological
4. Biological
ANTROPOGENIC HAZARDS
1. Urban Fires
2. Transport Accidents
3. Complex Emergencies/ Conflicts
4. Famine
5. Industrial Accidents

HAZARD RISK HUNTING

DISASTER- A SERIOUS DISRUPTION of the functioning of a community or a
society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental
losses and impacts, which EXCEEDS THE ABILITY of the affected community
or society to cope using its own resources.
 Hazard may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts
 Industrial and Agricultural Impacts.
  Social and Economic Impacts.
HAZARD- A phenomenon that POSES A THREAT to people, structure, or
economic assets.
EXPOSURE- The degree to which the elements at risk are LIKELY TO
EXPERIENCE hazard events of different magnitude.
VULNERABILITY- The CHARACTERISTICS AND CIRCUMSTANCES of a
community, system or asset that make it susceptible to the damaging effects of
a hazard.
CAPACITY- A combination of all STRENGHT and RESOURCES available within
a community, society or organization.

COMPONENTS OF DISASTER
Hazard+ Exposure+ Vulnerability = Disaster
Hazard+ Exposure+ Vulnerability= Gamay nga Disaster
Capacity

GENERAL OBJECTIVES
HAZARD HUNTING MATRIX- an assessment tool that could aid the
participants to IDENTITY THE EXISTING HAZARDS AND PROVIDE POSSIBLE
SOLUTIONS to eliminate or minimize effects of hazards.

ASSESMENT TOOL
LOCATION IDENTIFIED HOW DOES LEVEL OF RISK RECOMMENDATIONS
HAZARDS IT AFFECT
THE
OCCUPANTS
1. Kitchen Locked door, It may hinder (High/Moderate/ Remove materials or
Exit blocked with the Low) things that block the
tools/ things evacuation of HIGH exit
the
occupants
during
emergencies

FIRE SAFETY
FIRE SAFETY- precautions taken to prevent fire or reduce the likelihood of a
fire which may result to death, injury, or damage to property.
WHY WE LEARN FIRE SAFETY?
Fire prevention is everyone’s job.
(MARCH IS FIRE PREVENTION MONTH AND BURN PREVENTION MONTH)
ELEMENTS OF FIRE
 Oxygen
 Heat
 Fuel
COMMON FIRE HAZARDS
 Electrical Wiring Failure
 Octopus Wiring
 Unattended Plugged Appliances
 Detective and Substandard LPG Tanks
 Unattended Stoves and ovens
 Unattended Burning Garbage
 Careless use of candles
 Careless smoking
 Children playing with Fire
WHAT TO DO DURING A FIRE?
A- lert everyone
B- e sure to know your way out
C- all your local fire department
D- ont go back in
WAYS TO SURPRESS FIRE
 Soil, Water, Cloth, Fire Extinguisher
FIRE STEPS
 Stop, Drop, Roll
PARTS OF A FIRE EXTINGUISHER
 Gauge
 Lever
 Seal
 Tag
  Flexible Hose
 Extended Nozzle
 Cylinder
FIRE SUPPRESSION
Step 1; PULL (Twist & Pull the Safety Pin)
Step 2; AIM (Aim at the base of the fire)
Step 3; SQUEEZE (Squeeze lever)
Step 4; SWEEP (Sweep side to side)
PULL
AIM
SQUEEZE
SWEEP
WHAT TO DO;
Step 1; Alert everyone (Shouting Fire Alarm)
Step 2; Evacuate
Step 3; Call the proper authorities
Step 4; Don’t let anyone go back
Step 5; Get the nearest fire extinguisher
Step 6; Check the pressure
Step 7; Rush to the scene
Step 8; Maintain at least 2 meters away
Step 9; Check the wind direction. Do not go against the wind.
REMEMBER;
P- ull
A – im
S- queeze
S- way
 EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS
PHILIPPINES-
- Prolifically mineralized volcanic arcs; copper, gold, nickel
- Proximity to markets with huge metals demand; China, Japan, Korea
- At least 20 earthquakes per day, 4-5 felt earthquakes per week.
TWO WAYS OF DESCRIBING THE STRENGHT OF AN EARTHQUAKE
1. INTENSITY- perceived strength of an earthquake based on relative effects
to people and structures; generally higher near the epicenter.
2. MAGNITUDE- Based on instrumentally derived information and
correlates strength with the amount of total energy released at the
earthquake’s point of origin.
TYPES OF NATURAL EARTHQUAKE
 Tectonic
 Volcanic
IN THE RECENT TIME, WHY IS IT THAT BUILDING COLLAPSE IS LESS OF
A DANGER? WHY?
Strict Building Codes- have worked to greatly reduce the potential structure
collapse
However, there is the possibility of structure failure in certain building types.
 Especially un-reinforced masonry and; certain structures constructed
prior to the latest building codes.
RESCUE PROFESSIONALS- are trained to understand how the building
collapse in order to identity locations of survivors within the “SURVIVABLE
VOID SPACES”

TSUNAMI
(Giant sea waves due to large scale displacement of the sea floor)
 Large magnitude off- shore earthquakes
 Coastal and underwater landslides
 Coastal and underwater volcanic eruptions
 Meteor impacts
DAVAO CITY= the maximum tsunami height is 4m, which is again subject for
validation taking consideration the type covers present in the areas.
(Inundation 421,387m; tsunami height 4.0 meters; arrival time is 2o minutes)

2 TYPES OF TSUNAMI
TYPE SOURCE LEAD TIME WARNING
EARTHQUAKE MEHANICS IN
TO TSUNAMI PLACE
LOCAL Trench or fault in 4-20 minutes Being established
Philippines Must rely on
region, usually natural signs
less than 200 km such as moderate
from shoreline. to intense
shaking in
coastal area,
unusual water
level rise or fall.
FAR-FIELD Trench or fault 1-24 hours International
Regional or outside the Centers
transpacific Philippines region  PHIVOLCS
(ex. Japan,  NDDRMC
Hawaii) (Pacific Tsunami
warning Center,
NW Pacific
Tsunami
Information
Center)

EARTHQUAKE
PRE- REQUISITES OF AN EARTHQUAKE DRILL;
 Disaster Action Team (DAT) Organize
 School/ Company Evacuation Plan
 Drill Scenario and Mechanics
 Alarm
PHASES OF AN EARTHQUAKE DRILL
Phase 1; ALARM= Pre-arranged signal for earthquake/ ground shaking
Phase 2; RESPONSE= Seek shelter and protect yourselves, “DUCK, COVER,
HOLD”
Phase 3; EVACUATION= evacuate, proceed to identified Evacuation Area/s
using Predetermined Routes.
Phase 4; ASSEMBLY= group according to the class/section/area.
Phase 5; HEADCOUNT= Check and make sure that all occupants are counted
for
Phase 6; EVACUATION= An evaluation of the drill must be conducted to
identify problems encountered during the drill and how these can be corrected
in future earthquake drills.

DRILL TERMINATION